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Vulnerability of Southern Ocean pteropods to anthropogenic ocean acidification
Bednaršek, Nina
This study presents an investigation into the effect of anthropogenic ocean acidification on Southern Ocean pteropods, in particular Limacina helicina ant., both in a ‘high CO2’ controlled experiment ...and the natural environment. Short-term and long-term responses have been considered through dissolution effects and life history traits, respectively. The life history of Limacina helicina ant. in the Scotia Sea has been constrained and key life-cycle parameters have been derived (Chapter 3). The distinct cohort structure of three different year classes suggests that the species is capable of living at least three years. Their average biomass in the Scotia Sea is 14.4 mg C m-2 (SE 4.8), daily productivity rates are 0.6 mg C m-2 d-1 (SE 0.2), and the annual mortality coefficient is – 3.8 y-1 (SD 0.1) . A novel method was developed for qualitative and quantitative detection of minute levels of shell dissolution to provide a benchmark method for assessing dissolution in both experimental and natural pteropod samples (Chapter 4). The method involved quantification of shell dissolution in two different ways: the first using image segmentation analysis, the second measuring the ratio of growing edge thickness to shell diameter (Chapter 5). Experimental studies involved the short-term exposure of pteropods to ‘high CO2’, simulating future ocean acidification scenarios (Chapter 5). Shell dissolution occurred after just 4 days of exposure, with shells becoming progressively thinner, more porous and more susceptible to mechanical damage. Individual Limacina helicina ant. exposed to these conditions would be unlikely to survive over the longer term. Chapter 6 describes shell dissolution observed in Limacina helicina ant. within present-day natural conditions in parts of the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean). The affected specimens were found in areas with unfavourable carbonate chemistry conditions. The pteropods responded to low carbonate ion concentrations through severe shell dissolution, a reduction in calcification and a drop in abundance.
Type of material - dissertation
; adult, serious
Publication and manufacture - [Norwich] : University of East Anglia, 2010
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