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Soil contamination with potentially toxic elements and root herbivory : effects on root surface area and stem secondary xylem of young common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
Mrak, Tanja, 1978- ...
The study was aimed to investigate the efects of soil contamination and root herbivory on root surface area and stem anatomical properties that afect water conductivity in young common beech (Fagus ...sylvatica L.) plants. Beech seedlings were planted for one growing season into pots flled with contaminated (Pb, Zn, and Cd) and uncontaminated soil in a free-air mesocosm experiment. In autumn, root herbivores summer chafer larvae (Amphimallon solstitialis L.) were added into half of pots with contaminated and uncontaminated soil and left for 3 months. After destructive sampling, roots were measured for root surface area and stem sections were prepared and observed under the microscope. Ring width, vessel density, conductive area, potential conductivity, vessel grouping indexes, and vessel diameters were measured. In contaminated soil, root surface area, mean ring width, vessel radial diameter, and potential stem conductivity were signifcantly reduced compared to uncontaminated soil (by − 61.7, − 75.9, − 20.5, and − 78.8%, respectively), while vessel density, vessel grouping index, and mean group size of grouped cells were signifcantly increased (by+38.7,+15.8, and+21.2%, respectively). Soil contamination induced stem anatomical changes similar to drought stress. Late exposure to root herbivory was insufcient to induce signifcant changes in root surface area or stem anatomy.
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