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Effective spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for evoking stepping movement of paralyzed lower limbs: study of posterior root muscle reflex responses
Minassian, K... ...
In this study we examined EMG responses of lower limb muscles to repetitive electrical stimulation of the human lumbar cord isolated from brain control. We found that the muscle activity elicited at ...low frequencies (2 Hz) are monosynaptic posterior root muscle reflexes. A sustained train of stimuli at higher frequencies (16 Hz or more) establishes longer spinal reflex pathways involving interneuronal networks, the monosynaptic EMG response is progressively replaced by a second response with longer but also constant latency. When the frequency is further increased to 30-50 Hz, a locomotor-likeEMG activity can be induced, and the amplitude and occurrence ofthe second response progressively augments. During the bursting phases of rhythmical EMG activity the amplitude of the first monosynaptic response is completely suppressed. Our study suggests, that the driving input from brain structures can be replaced artificially by a non patterned input via the posterior roots and interpreted by the lumbar interneuronal network to respondwith a patterned, rhythmical activity.
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