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Toxicological abuse profile of new recreational drugs in driving-under-the-influence and post-mortem cases in Finland : academic dissertation
Kriikku, Pirkko
Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) can adversely affect driving skills in numerous ways and put lives at risk. Legal approaches to DUID vary considerably from country to country, even within ...Europe, and, in the last decades the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has further complicated the scene. DUID is an unlawful act if the substance taken is banned or impairs driving. The latter is hard to define and prove, putting pressure on governments to ban NPS as quickly as possible in order to protect the public by facilitating enforcement of DUID laws. However, banning requires knowledge on several aspects of NPS such as prevalence, pharmacology, abuse potential and toxicity. Up-to-date, evidence-based information on NPS is needed by legislators, toxicologists, clinicians, and other health care professionals. Such information would enable potential drug users and the public to be more aware of the risks associated with illicit use of NPS. This study aimed to add to the knowledge of the NPS most relevant in Finland. In this thesis, the prevalence, blood concentrations in drivers and in post-mortem cases, and demographic details of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and desoxypipradrol (2-DPMP), were investigated. Changes in prevalence and other characteristics of MDPV were monitored over a time span covering a period before its banning as well as a few years after banning. Phenazepam, a Russian therapeutic benzodiazepine now illegal in Finland, was studied by examining both DUID and post-mortem cases. The use by apprehended drivers of pregabalin, a prescription anticonvulsant with therapeutic indications for neuropathic pain, partial seizures and generalised anxiety disorder, was also studied. The results of this study showed that DUID cases provide a valuable source of information on NPS prevalence and user profiles. However, little specific information could be gained about the impact on driving performance and health risks of NPS mainly due to t
Type of material - dissertation
; adult, serious
Publication and manufacture - Helsinki : Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University, 2015
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