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The impact of astrocytes in the clearance of neurotransmitters by uptake and inactivation
Perdan-Pirkmajer, Katja ; Lipnik-Štangelj, Metoda ; Kržan, Mojca, 1962-
Astrocytes, which are no longer considered as passive supportive cells of central nervous system, actively participate in brain communication as well astake care for proper microenvironment, because ...they take up the excess of extracellular potassium ions and neurotransmitters.Neurotransmitter transporters are key elements in terminating synaptic activity of distinct neurotransmitters. They use energy stored in the electrochemical gradient of either sodium ions or protons across neuronal or glial celi membrane for uphill transport of neurotransmitters from extracellular to intracellular site. Sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transporters belong to two distinct families of transporters of solute carrier proteins (SLC): SLC 1 which represents glutamate transporters and SLC6 to which the other neurotransmittertransporters belong.Apart from neurotransmitter transporters, there is another family in the SLC transporter super family that participates in movement of some monoamines across membranes, a SLC22 family. They act in asodium- and chlorideindependent manner.Because of direct involvement of transporters in the availability of neu rotransmitters, they represent a site of action of many present and future drugs.ln the present review we would liketo address the importance of neurotransmitter transporters on astrocytes in the regulation of synaptic signaling.
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