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Production of biodiesel from palm, peanut, canola, soy and sunflower oil with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and tert-butanol [Elektronski vir] : chemical kinetics, equilibrium and mass transfer
Likozar, Blaž ; Levec, Janez, 1943-2020
Due to unstable liquid fuel prices, the production of biodiesel from different oil and alcohol resources is becoming increasingly of interest both to the scientific community and to the general ...public as well. In our study, mass transfer, chemical kinetics, and equilibrium were investigated for an assortment of different oils and alcohols, specifically; palm, peanut, canola, soy and sunflower oil, and methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and tert-butanol. Mass transfer affected the process in the initial phase, nonetheless; solely in the cases, when the reacting mixture (oil and alcohol) was not homogenous. Ensuing was the chemical kinetics-influenced region, which gradually proceeded to equilibrium. The kinetics were treated taking into account different species based on individual fatty acids, and thus the distinction between different tri- (TG), di- (DG), monoglycerides (MG), and alcohol esters (AE) was made. Experiments were performed in a batch reactor (glass vessel with the total batch capacity of 270 mL, the height of 75 mm and the internal diameter of 75 mm, which was provided with an automatic unit for the discharge of liquid phase). The size of dispersed phase (alcohol) droplets within the continuous phase was determined from the images of the system, taken at different stages of the process, predominantly during the initial phase, when methyl esters have not yet emulsified both phases into a single one. High-performance liquid chromatography with a gradient method was utilized to quantify the concentrations of various TG, DG, MG, and AE. The developed model may be used when an oil resource with a varying composition in terms of fatty acids is to be subjected to transesterification, not only to validly predict the extent of conversion to alcohol esters, but also to optimize the production process acknowledging the influent (possibly waste) resource.
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