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Grain refining in trip-assisted austenitic stainless steels
Pétein, Arnaud ; Jacques, P. J.
Mechanically-induced phase transformations (TRIP effect) of the austenite brings about excellent mechanical properties in steel grades. Besides, the grain size has a first order influence on the ...resistance and ductility of metallic alloys, but also reduces the TRIP effect by affecting the stacking fault energy of the austenite. Therefore, the grain size is has a double influence on the mechanical properties of TRIP-assisted steels. This work aim s at studying the mechanisms regulating the grain size evolution in a metastable austenitic stainless steel. Moreover, the objective is to elaborate different specimens, which differ only by the grain size, and to underst and the influence of the grain size on the mechanical properties. Grain size refining was achieved either by annealing after rolling at 20°C to induce a cycle of phase transformations : austenite - [alpha]'-martensite austenite, or after rolling at 200°C to recrystallise the deformed austenit without inducing phase transformations. The main investigation techniques were the orientation imaging microscopy using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) for the microstructure and the uniaxial tensile tests for the mechanical properties. Three phenomena can be observed during annealing: retransformation of martensite into austenite (in transformed samples), recrystallisation of deformed austenite and growth of the defect-free austenite grains. The microstructure analysis showed that in samples rolled at 20 °C, the retransformation is nearly complete before the recrystallisation starts. However, once the retransformation is complete, the recrystallisation of the remaining deformed austenite follows the same kinetics as the recrystallisation of the deformed austenite of the fully austenitic specimen, where it is the only active phenomenon. The grain size is always smaller in samples rolled at 20°C compared to the ones rolled at 200°C. This is due to the larger amount of nuclei during retransformation, caused by the higher density of interfaces between austenite and martensite, compared to the recrystallisation of deformed austenite. Finally, a smaller austenitic grain size reduces the phase transformation which is partially compensated by the increase of resistance induced by the simple grain size reduction.
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