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Electron backscatter difraction (EBSD) characterisation of metals
Godec, Matjaž, 1961-
Today's field emission scanning electron microscope (FEG SEM) in combinations with analytical spectroscopic techniques of EDS and WDS allows us highly accurate microstructure characterization of ...metals. Secondary electron image gives us information on size, shape and distribution of microstructure elements, while micro chemical analysis gives us chemical composition of certain analyzing areas. For a complete description of a polycrystalline material it is necessary to consider its crystal structure and orientation of these crystals in space. Applying the EBSD analytical technique it is nowadays possible in-situ performs phase analysis of observed area and also determine its orientation in the space. EBSD method in combination with Scanning Electron Microscope allows characterization and quantification of crystallographic orientations, misorientations, texture trends and grain boundary types on a sub-micron scale. It is also possible to use this technique for a macrotexture determination. In such a case it is necessary to observe a bit larger area of analysed sample. The main use of EBSD is the determination of crystal orientation on a grain-by-grain scale in metals. This is the so called crystal structure analysis and is one of the three main applications of EBSD. This technique can also be used as a tool for identification of the crystal structure of an unknown phase. The third and for know the least developed and exploited application of EBSD is for the assessment of lattice strain through diffraction pattern. In the lecture the bases of EBSD method is described. The geometry of analytical tools is given, companion with the physical background of electron diffraction on crystal lattice plane, the information which might be obtained from diffraction pattern. The possibilities of application of certain available software are given. The results of EBSD analyses are demonstrate on selected examples. In contribution the texture analysis of electrical and duplex steels are shown. Further, the results of phase analyses of Finmet powders are presented. In details the phase analysis of carbides in different tool and high speed steels is also shown.
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