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Anatase to rutile transition in titanium dioxide photocatalytic nanomaterials : submitted to the Institute of Technology Sligo, december 2018 for the award of Doctor of Philosophy
Byrne, Ciara Susan
Anatase and brookite are both considered metastable phases and transition irreversibly into the thermodynamically stable rutile phase at elevated temperatures (600-700°C in pure synthetic TiO2). ...Anatase TiO2 is widely accepted as the most photocatalytically active phase. However, TiO2 is only active under Ultraviolet (UV) light (~4% sunlight). A chemical precursor modifier, chemical additive or dopant can be used to alter the transition temperature and increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. These chemical additives/dopants/modifiers can result in a higher transition temperature and photocatalytic activity. However, some additives/dopants/modifiers have been known to reduce both. This work examined the effects benzoic acid, tungsten and boron nitride had on the transition temperature and the photodegradation of 1,4-dioxane. Benzoic acid and tungsten doping all increased the transition temperature compared to the control, with anatase still present at 800°C and 950°C respectively. All doped boron nitride samples were 100% rutile by 700°C, however the 0% BN-TiO2 was 100% rutile from 600°C. There were varying results when examining the percent removal of 1,4-dioxane. Benzoic acid, tungsten and boron nitride showed increased photocatalytic activity. Out of all of the samples examined, only 3 samples showed 100% removal of 1,4-dioxane, these were 2% W-TiO2, 4% W-TiO2 and 8% W-TiO2 at 800°C. When comparing the results for the transition temperature and photocatalytic activity of all dopants studied, 8% W-TiO2 is considered the optimim dopant and concentration. This is due to 26% anatase still being present at 950°C and it showed 100% and ~80% 1,4-dioxane removal when calcined at 800°C and 900°C respectively. The current investigation therefore showed that using the sol-gel method for doping with tungsten, benzoic acid and boron nitride successfully improved the anatase to rutile transition temperature and photocatalytic activity of TiO2.
Type of material - dissertation
; adult, serious
Publication and manufacture - [Sligo] : [C. Byrne], 2019
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