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Analytical method for determination of crack development in concrete ring due to restrained shrinkage
Hozjan, Tomaž, gradbeništvo ...
In underground structures, concrete is currently irreplaceable material due to relatively unlimited occurrence of forming. Among other things, time-dependent processes take place within concrete, ...affecting the overall behaviour of concrete structures. One of such process , is the shrinkage of concrete, results from chemical reaction and water loss. Due to the shrinkage, concrete volume reduces and cracks appear if deformation is prevented by external restrains, which is commonly known as restricted shrinkage. In underground structures, concrete lining is bonded to the surrounding ground, which restricts shrinkage to some extent, and consequently the tensile stresses and cracks occur in the concrete lining. In addition, during casting tunnel lining concrete has to be supported with formwork to stay up. Between formwork and concrete a connection occurs, which prevents concrete from shrinking freely. In the literature, restrained shrinkage is seldom investigated and only American standard ASTM C1581 gives instructions in how to perform a test to assess the restrained shrinkage of concrete ring. In the test, the inner steel ring provides the restraint to the outer concrete ring, this way shrinkage in tangential direction is dominant and cracks occur in radial direction. In this article, an analytical method is presented for the determination of crack development and stress -strain state of a concrete ring. The analytical method is based on geometrically exact Reissners beam theory. Material properties of concrete and the development of shrinkage strain as a function of time are taken from the European standard EC 2. Adhesion and friction between the steel ring and the concrete ring are assumed. Additionally, it is assumed that the steel is rigid and non-deformable, thus, the concrete ring slides on the steel ring. The performed parametric studies focus on crack development and the number of cracks in dependence on the rigidity of the contact between the steel ring and the concrete ring. It turns out that in the case of a loose contact only one crack appears. The more rigid the contact, the higher number of cracks appear and the final number of cracks is limited.
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