The objective of the study was to asses the effect of the production system on fatty acids (FA) composition of intra-muscular fat of three muscles (longissimus dorsi, semitendinosus, diaphragmae) ...from Simmental bulls. Bulls (n=8) were fattened either with maize silage and concentrates or on pasture. Grazing bulls showed a significant lower percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), but had higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was significantly lower (P<0.001) and the PUFA/SFA ratio was significantly higher (P<0.001) in muscles of grazing bulls. The lowest SFA percentage was found in semitendinosus (36.5±0.8) followed by longissimus dorsi (44.4±0.8) and diaphragmae (48.2±0.8) muscle. The percentage of PUFA and n-3 PUFA was the highest in semitendinosus muscle, while the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was similar in all three analysed muscles.
Simmental and Brown bulls from progeny testing station were used to evaluate the effect of breed on fat tissue partition between subcutaneous and intermuscular fat. Bulls (37 Brown and 34 Simmental ...breed) were slaughtered at the same degree of fatness. After slaughter carcasses were first cut into different carcass cuts and further on into lean meat, fat, bones and tendons. Fat was divided up into subcutaneous and intermuscular. Simmental bulls were heavier (average cold carcass side weight from Simmental bulls was 167 kg vs 147 kg from Brown bulls) at the same percentage of total carcass fat (10.5 %). Breed has no effect on percentage of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat tissue nor on percentage of subcutaneous fat from total carcass fat. Simmental bulls had higher (p<0.05) subcutaneous fat percentage (subcutaneous fat in the cut / total fat in the cut) in brisket and flank and lower (p<0.05) in shoulder than Brown bulls.
Body weights on 90 ± 45 days and 205 ± 45 days are body weights used for selection in suckler herds, likewise body weight on 365 ± 45 days are used for selection in performance test according to the ...Slovenian rules for recording in animal production, which is based on the International Committee for Animal Recording - ICAR. Dilemma which body weights are more suitable: the actual, or the adjusted ones at the recommended age of calves is often present. Comparison between fixed effects on actual and on adjusted 90-day, 205-day and 365-day weights of Charolais calves have been studied. Calves (320) were born from 1995 to 2005 on Educational and Research Animal Husbandry Centre Logatec (Slovenia). Fixed effects of sex, parity, year of birth and birth weight were included in a model for the actual and adjusted body weights. Birth weight was included as linear regression. It has been concluded that parameters affected the actual body weights affected adjusted body weights, too. Birth weight and year of birth influenced 90-day, 205-day and 365-day weight. Parity influenced only 90-day weight, while sex influenced 205-day and 365-day weight. Coefficients of determination for adjusted 90-day weight (0.38), 205-day weight (0.38) and 365-day weight (0.73) were higher than for actual body weights (0.20, 0.30 and 0.60, respectively).
Carcass from 260 Simmental and 159 Brown bulls were dissected first to different cuts (chuck, shoulder, front shank, rib roast, back, loin, tenderloin, brisket, rib, flank, leg and hind shank) and ...then to lean, fat, tendon and bone. The comparison between two breeds was made at 12.5 % carcass fat. Simmental breed had statistically significantly higher share of leg and brisket with rib and lower share of chuck, front and hind shank, rib roast, tenderloin and flank, with higher lean and lower bone percentage, but the differences were relatively small compared to Brown breed.
Suradnja susjednih država na području očuvanja lokalnih pasmina domaćih životinja je od posebne važnosti. U području znanstvenih istraživanja dosadašnja suradnja je bila uglavnom više sporadična ...negoli sistematična i istraživanja njihovih svojstava suradnja se odvijala na nekoliko razina: znanstvenoj, tehnološkoj i praktičnoj. Sve navedeno trebalo bi pomoći u razmjeni iskustava, boljem poznavanju i promociji lokalnih pasmina domaćih životinja kao i njihovoj zaštiti. Nadalje, kao rezultat može proizaći unapređenje uzgojnih program za pasmine koje se pojavljuju u partnerskim zemljama.
The aim of this study was to estimate the perinatal and neonatal mortality rates from day 2 to 30 in Slovenian calves and to evaluate risk factors for increased losses. We analysed data on 1,333,765 ...calves of different dam breeds, born in Slovenia in the period from January 1 to December 31st, 2012. Data were obtained from the Central register of bovine animals. The average perinatal calf mortality, including abortions and stillbirths, was 5.57% and 2.68% from day 2 to 30. The most significant effects on perinatal calf mortality rate were the number of calves at calving, age of the dam at calving, the herd size, while herd size and calving season were the most influential in the following neonatal period from day 2 to 30. Calves from Holstein Friesian dams showed much higher perinatal and neonatal mortality rates than calves from Simmental, Brown and other dam breeds. With increased herd size, the perinatal and neonatal mortality rate increased. This increase was more pronounced in Simmental, Brown and other dam breeds than in Holstein Friesian dams.
The aim of the study was to compare carcass traits between Cika and Brown cattle of all slaughter categories. The data used were collected in Slovenian slaughterhouses from 2007 to 2010. After the ...slaughter carcass weight was recorded and carcass conformation and fatness were scored according to the EUROP system. Net daily gain was calculated. Data were analysed by GLM procedure of statistical package SAS/ STAT considering breed, month of the slaughter and year of the slaughter nested within the breed as fixed effects. Cika bulls (under 24 months old) were two months younger at slaughter (20.2 months) and achieved lower carcass weight (266.7 kg) compared to Brown bulls (22.4 months, 330.0 kg). Also in all other categories except in calves under eight months old, Brown cattle had higher carcass weight. Bulls under 24 months old, steers, cows and calves over eight to 12 months old of Brown cattle were older at slaughter compared to Cika breed. Net daily gain was also higher in all slaughtered categories of Brown cattle. Even if the slaughtered Brown cattle had heavier carcass weight compared to Cika cattle there was almost no significant difference in carcass conformation. Carcasses of Cika bulls under 24 months old had conformation 6.4 while Brown bulls 6.3. Likewise carcasses of Cika calves over eight to 12 months had higher conformation score (5.7) than Brown (4.8) calves. Fatness was higher in Brown bulls, steers and heifers compared to Cika cattle, while Cika cows had higher fatness than Brown cows.
The aim of the study was to determine chemical and fatty acid composition in meat of Cika bulls fattened in two production systems. Eight bulls were semi-intensively fattened with a total mix ratio ...(TMR), while ten were grazed without cereals supplementation. Housed bulls were slaughtered at the age of 20.0 months while grazed bulls were slaughtered at the age of 23.5 months. Samples of M. longissimus dorsi located between the 7th and 8th rib were used to determine the chemical and fatty acid composition. Data were analysed using the GLM procedure of the SAS/ STAT. Model 1 was used to test the effect of production system on the chemical composition of meat. Model 2 was used to test the effects of production system and the intramuscular fat content nested within the production system as linear regression on the fatty acid composition. Significant differences were determined in intramuscular fat (14.54 vs. 8.57 g/kg, P = 0.015) and in dry matter content (231.85 vs. 239.49 g/kg, P = 0.032) in beef meat of TMR fed and in grazed bulls, respectively. Beef meat of grazed bulls contained significantly lower palmitic acid (19.87 vs. 21.03 wt.%, P = 0.002), oleic acid (26.18 vs. 30.01 wt.%, P = 0.007) and MUFA (29.88 vs. 33.80 wt.%, P = 0.010) and higher α-linolenic (3.33 vs. 1.45 wt.%, P = 0.014), EPA (1.40 vs. 0.57 wt.%, P = 0.002), DPA (1.84 vs. 1.06 wt.%, P = 0.001), PUFA (21.42 vs. 19.43 wt.%, P = 0.047) and n-3PUFA (6.80 vs. 3.24 wt.%, P = 0.001) compared to TMR fed bulls.
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