Substantial metabolic and oxidative stress and a decrease in immune function have been associated with increased sensitivity to several diseases in dairy cows during the transition period (before and ...after calving). We investigated the effect of supplementation with linseed (LS), rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), alone, or in combination with an organic source of selenium, on the plasma metabolic parameters during the transition (10 ± 3 days before to 42 days after calving). A portion of the total mixed ration (TMR) from the control group (C) was replaced with n-3 PUFA-rich LS in both experimental groups (LS and LS + Se), keeping the diets iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous. In addition, in the LS + Se group, inorganic sodium selenite was replaced by organic selenium. On day 42, we found (a) higher (P < 0.05) LDL level and Sodium ion concentration in the LS group than in the LS + Se and C groups; (b) lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of triglycerides and lactate in the LS and LS + Se groups than in the C group; and (c) higher (P < 0.05) urea concentration in the LS + Se group than in the C and LS groups. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA supplementation acted positively on lipid profile and no adverse effect on plasma metabolic parameters were found.
This study investigated the effect of dietary selenium supplementation (organic and inorganic) of late-gestation ewes on blood selenium concentrations and metabolic and antioxidant status indicators ...in ewes and their lambs. In addition, the efficacy of selenium transfer from ewes to lambs during the suckling period was determined. The study was conducted on 30 Merinolandschaf ewes and their lambs and lasted four months. The feed mixture of the control group (group I) contained no added selenium, while the feed mixture of group II was enriched with 0.3 mg/kg of organic selenium sources and the third group with 0.3 mg/kg of inorganic selenium sources. In ewes and their lambs, selenium supplementation significantly (p < 0.01; p < 0.05) increased selenium concentration, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde concentration compared to the control group. Selenium supplementation had a positive effect on metabolism and hematological indicators in lambs. A positive correlation was found between antioxidant indicators in the whole blood of ewes and lambs. The good transfer of selenium from ewes to lambs was complemented by higher correlation coefficients when the feed mixture was supplemented with organic compared to inorganic selenium.
The objective of this study was to assess the impact that diets supplemented with grape seed cake rich in polyphenols had on lactating goats. The study investigated the quantity and quality of goat ...milk, the metabolic profile of blood, and the antioxidative status. The study involved 24 French Alpine dairy goats throughout their lactation period. The goats were, on average, 5 years old (±three months) and in the fourth lactation. The experiment lasted for 58 days. The control group (CON) had a diet without grape seed cake (GSC). The experimental groups were given a diet containing 5% and 10% GSC on a dry matter basis (GSC5 and GSC10, respectively). A slightly higher milk production, as well as protein and fat milk content, were found in GSC5 and GSC10, but the differences were not significant. Goat milk in the GSC10 group exhibited significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, as well as decreased concentrations of GUK and SCC. The feeding treatments did not affect significant differences in hematological and biochemical indicators, except for the BHB content, which can be associated with a higher energy value of feed containing GSC. There was an observed elevation in the activity of SOD within the blood of GSC5, and GSC10 was measured as well. The determined changes justify the supplementation of GSC rich in polyphenols to goat feed, especially in the amount of 10%, as it can reduce stress caused by lactation, which is known as a very stressful production period for animals.
This study investigated the effect of red corn in the feed mixture of dairy goats on production traits, blood metabolic profile, and antioxidative status. The study was conducted on 30 French Alpine ...dairy goats. The feed mixture for the goats in the control group (CC) contained yellow corn (100%). In the first experimental group (RC50), yellow corn was partially (50%) replaced by red corn (RC), and in the second experimental group (RC100), yellow corn was completely (100%) replaced by red corn. No significance variations (p > 0.05) were determined in production traits of dairy goats between dietary treatments. A significant increase in hemoglobin (84.43, 100.00 and 106.55 g/L), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (7.98, 9.70 and 12.54 pg), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (293.57, 357.50 and 462.78 g/L) was found in the RC groups, and a decrease in erythrocytes in the RC100 compared with the RC50 group of goats (from 8.71 to 10.45 × 1012 L). A significant increase in blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the RC groups was found (0.29, 0.53, and 0.44 U/mL). The results indicate maintaining production traits and a moderate effect on blood metabolic profile (most hematologic parameters) as well as a positive antioxidative effect RC.
Aiming to determine the variability and co-variability of daily production traits and biochemical as well as haematological parameters, blood and milk were taken from 25 Holstein cows during a ...three-month period, on a monthly basis. Thereby differences in analysed parameters due to the animal’s health status (acidosis or ketosis risk or normal health status; defined accordingly to fat/protein ratio) were determined. According to the statistical analysis, the co-variability level varied depending on the set of the analysed traits (from negligible to strong). The determined differences between the analysed biochemical and haematological parameters due to the animal's health status were not statistically significant. The obtained results indicate that the analysed biochemical and haematological parameters cannot be used as accurate indicators of acidosis prevalence, while for indication of ketosis prevalence, glucose and urea content in blood, sedimentation after 24 hours, as well as protein and iron content in milk, could be used. Furthermore, test-day records could be used as a valuable indicator of the prevalence risk of metabolic disorders (acidosis/ketosis) but for unambiguous detection in animals with the indication of a prevalence risk, other diagnostic methods should be used.
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Dobrobit životinja predstavlja procjenu stanja životinja kojima reagiraju na podražaje iz okoline. Precizna procjena dobrobiti podrazumijeva multidisciplinaran pristup, a suvremen evaluacijski ...protokol uključuje mjerenja na životinjama i mjerenja koja uključuju smještaj, hranidbu i upravljanje farmom. Svrha ovoga istraživanja bila je odrediti varijabilnost biokemijskih i hematoloških pokazatelja, kao i tjelesnu kondiciju, s obzirom na različite bodovne razrede dobrobiti. Istraživanje je provedeno na 145 krava holsteinske pasmine, nasumično odabranih na šest komercijalnih farma mliječnih krava. Kontrolni popis procjene dobrobiti mliječnih krava sastojao se od 70 pitanja prema protokolu CReNBA. Biokemijski pokazatelji u krvi i mliječnoj plazmi određeni su automatskim kemijskim analizatorom Beckman Coulter AU400 (Beckman Coulter, SRNj). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da niže koncentracije albumina, triglicerida, željeza i kalcija u krvi imaju krave na lošije ocijenjenim farmama s obzirom na menadžment farme i infrastrukturu. S obzirom na pokazatelje infrastrukturnih karakteristika farme, menađmenta i ukupnu ocjenu farme, koncentracija albumina u mliječnom serumu bila je veća (P<0.05)u krava s lošijom ocjenom. Sedimentacija eritrocita bila je brža na lošije ocijenjenim farmama s obzirom na infrastrukturu farme i ukupnu ocjenu dobrobiti.
Animal welfare (AW) is a term denoting how the animals are coping with the conditions in which they live. A precise welfare assessment assumes a multidisciplinary approach, and modern evaluation protocol incorporates both the animal-based and non-animal-based measures. Due to the different welfare score classes, this study’s objective was to determine the variability of biochemical and hematological parameters, as well as the body condition score. The study was conducted involving 145 Holstein cows, randomly chosen from the six commercial dairy cow farms. The dairy cows’ welfare assessment checklist consisted of seventy items, pursuant to the CReNBA protocol. The biochemical parameters in blood and the milk plasma were determined using the Beckman Coulter AU400 (Beckman Coulter, FRG) automatic clinical chemistry analyzer. The obtained results indicate that the lower albumin, triglyceride, iron, and calcium values were detected in the cows bred on the farms that were ranked lower concerning the farm management and farm infrastructure levels. In the milk plasma, the concentration of albumins was higher (P<0.05) on the farms that were ranked lower concerning the farm management, infrastructure level, and total score scale. Iron concentration was higher (P<0.05) in the cows from the farms ranked lower concerning farm infrastructure and on the farms that were ranked higher concerning the animal level. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was higher on the farms with worse marks on the farm infrastructure level and total AW score.
The aim of the research was to determine the age-related hematological and biochemical parameters in Croatian white goats in a traditional Mediterranean production system. The 36 lactating Croatian ...white goats were divided into three groups with 12 goats each, according to age: group I (1-2 years old), group II (3-5 years) and group III (>5 years). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (334 g/L) and lymphocytes (73.71%), as well as the concentration of iron (Fe 25.17 μmol/L) in the blood were higher, while the concentration of urea (3.86 mmol/L) was lower in group I compared to group III. The results of the present study are the first published blood analysis (hematological and biochemical parameters) for the Croatian white goat breed, and can be useful for understanding the metabolism and health status of this breed of goats, which helps in their conservation, promotion and breeding improvement.
Due to the high content of crude protein and high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, pumpkin seed cake (PSC) could be a good quality feedstuff for ruminants, while extruded linseed (ELS) has ...already shown some beneficial effect on fatty acids proportion of goat milk. Besides, lactation is the most demanding period when monitoring the metabolic condition of animal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of PSC and ELS replacing soybean meal in diets of dairy goats on blood haemato-chemical parameters and milk quality. A 28 lactating French Alpine dairy goats were monitored within 20 days in early lactation. Diet of each groups had a balanced content of energy and crude protein, and a slight difference in lipid content. Goats in control group (n = 9) received soybean meal and extruded soybean. In experimental groups soybean was partially replaced with ELS (n = 10) or completely with PSC (n = 9). Dietary treatments had no effect on haemato-chemical parameters, although PSC increased concentration of globulins in serum. PSC lowered linoleic acid compared to control. ELS increased proportion of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and total n-3 fatty acids in milk. Positive correlations were found between non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ratio C18:1/C15:0, NEFA and ratio C17:0/C15:0, as well as β-hydroxybutyrate and ratio C17:0/C15:0. The replacement of soybean meal with PSC or partially with ELS is feasible with respect to haemato-chemical parameters of early lactating dairy goats, while ELS had much beneficial effect on fatty acids compared to PSC.
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The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic and the essential elements iron and selenium in the tissues (muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, and ...fat) of fallow deer (
Dama dama
L.) without and with supplemental selenium addition. Another aim was to determine the effect of selenium addition on the indicators of oxidative stress, namely, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and vitamin E. The research was carried out with 40 fallow deer during two research periods. Supplemental feed without selenium addition was provided during the first research period, and supplemental feed with added selenium (3 mg/kg) was provided for 60 days during the second research period. The concentration of selenium in tissues was higher in the second research period than in the first research period (in kidney tissue, 0.957 vs. 0.688 mg/kg,
P
< 0.05). The dietary addition of selenium decreased (
P
< 0.05) the concentrations of some heavy metals (lead in the spleen = 0.06 vs. 0.27 mg/kg and in the fatty tissue = 0.17 vs. 0.69 mg/kg; arsenic in the muscle tissue = 0.005 vs. 0.014 mg/kg, liver = 0.003 vs. 0.009 mg/kg, spleen = 0.004 vs. 0.013 mg/kg, and fat = 0.008 vs. 0.016 mg/kg). The activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher (
P
< 0.05) in the second research period than in the first research period (1375.36 vs. 933.23 U/L).
•Diets with basal (6) and high n6/n3 ratio decrease 20:5n3 and 22:66n3 content in the plasma of diabetic rats.•Diets with basal (6) and high n6/n3 ratio decrease 20:5n3/20:4n6 ratio in plasma and ...liver neutral lipids of diabetic rats.•Diet with high n6/n3 ratio increases 4-HNE and NFκB/p50 expression in the liver tissue of diabetic rats.•Diet with low n6/n3 (1) ratio and supplemented with DHA and EPA can attenuate changes caused by the diets with basal (6) and high n6/n3 ratio in diabetic rats.
We studied the influence of dietary n6/n3 ratio and docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids supplementation on fatty acid profile, lipid peroxidation and NFκ/p50 expression in diabetes type 2. Treatments consisted of three dietary n6/n3 ratios: 6 (Control), 50 (high n6) and 1 (DHA and EPA supplemented). Half of the rats in each of the dietary treatments were made diabetic using the fructose/low-streptozotocin model. The Control and high n6 diets decreased EPA/ARA (arachidonic acid) ratios in the plasma and in the hepatic tissue suggesting proinflammatory fatty acid profile. The high n6 diet additionally increased the 4-HNE and NFκ/p50 expression in the hepatic tissue. These changes were the consequence of a decrease in the plasma content of DHA and EPA and an increase in the content of arachidonic acid in the liver neutral lipids. The supplementation with the DHA and EPA attenuated the change in EPA/ARA ratios, which imply the importance of the n6/n3 ratio in diabetes type 2.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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