Most paleoclimate studies of Mainland Southeast Asia hydroclimate focus on the summer monsoon, with few studies investigating rainfall in other seasons. Here, we present a multiproxy stalagmite ...record (45,000 to 4,000 years) from central Vietnam, a region that receives most of its annual rainfall in autumn (September-November). We find evidence of a prolonged dry period spanning the last glacial maximum that is punctuated by an abrupt shift to wetter conditions during the deglaciation at ~14 ka. Paired with climate model simulations, we show that sea-level change drives autumn monsoon rainfall variability on glacial-orbital timescales. Consistent with the dry signal in the stalagmite record, climate model simulations reveal that lower glacial sea level exposes land in the Gulf of Tonkin and along the South China Shelf, reducing convection and moisture delivery to central Vietnam. When sea level rises and these landmasses flood at ~14 ka, moisture delivery to central Vietnam increases, causing an abrupt shift from dry to wet conditions. On millennial timescales, we find signatures of well-known Heinrich Stadials (HS) (dry conditions) and Dansgaard-Oeschger Events (wet conditions). Model simulations show that during the dry HS, changes in sea surface temperature related to meltwater forcing cause the formation of an anomalous anticyclone in the Western Pacific, which advects dry air across central Vietnam, decreasing autumn rainfall. Notably, sea level modulates the magnitude of millennial-scale dry and wet phases by muting dry events and enhancing wet events during periods of low sea level, highlighting the importance of this mechanism to autumn monsoon variability.
The Laotian rock rat, Laonastes aenigmamus, was first described in 2005 based on specimens collected in the vicinity of Khammouan Limestone National Biodiversity Conservation Area in the northern ...Annamite Range (Jenkins et al. 2005). The unique morphological characters and highly divergent mitochondrial DNA of the new species, which inhabits limestone habitat exclusively, confirm its distinctiveness among all living rodent families. Jenkins et al. (2005), as a result, considered the Laotian rock rat the only surviving member of the new monotypic rodent family Laonastidae. Although subsequent morphological study supported its phylogenetic position within the existing family Diatomyidae (Dawson et al. 2006), this species has been demonstrated to be the last remaining species of an ancient clade as all of its relatives went extinct since 11 million years ago (Dawson et al. 2006; Huchon et al. 2007). Historically, the family was widely distributed in Asia, from the western part of the continent, Pakistan and India, to the eastern region, Thailand, China, and Japan (Li 1974; Flynn et al. 1986; Marivaux et al. 2002), but until recently it was known only from a small area in Laos (Jenkins et al. 2005; Riviere-Dobigny et al. 2011; Nicolas et al. 2012).
Health personnel and community workers are at the front line of the COVID-19 emergency response and need to be equipped with adequate knowledge related to epidemics for an effective response. This ...study aimed to identify the coverage of COVID-19 health information via different sources accessed by health workers and community workers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was carried out from January to February 2020 in Vietnam. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used for recruiting participants. We utilized the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire. A higher percentage of participants knew about "Clinical and pathogen characteristics of COVID-19", compared to "Regulations and policies related to COVID-19". The percentage of participants accessing the information on "Guidelines and policies on prevention and control of COVID-19" was the lowest, especially among medical students. "Mass media and peer-educators" channels had a higher score of accessing COVID-19 information, compared to "Organizations/ agencies/ associations" sources. Participants consumed most of their COVID-19 information via "Internet, online newspapers, social networks". Our findings indicate an urgency to re-design training programs and communication activities for a more effective dissemination of information related to the COVID-19 epidemic or epidemics in general.
We report a superspreading event of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection initiated at a bar in Vietnam with evidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission, based on ...ministry of health reports, patient interviews, and whole-genome sequence analysis. Crowds in enclosed indoor settings with poor ventilation may be considered at high risk for transmission.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Purpose To describe attitudes and acceptability toward a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among mothers in Da Nang, Vietnam and examine factors that may influence HPV vaccine uptake. ...Methods Women who were the primary caregiver of a girl 10–18 years old (“mothers”) were eligible to participate. Mothers were recruited face-to-face from Da Nang General Hospital. Participants completed a survey addressing general vaccine attitudes, attitudes toward an HPV vaccine, beliefs about sexuality, recommendations from others, and likelihood of having their daughter vaccinated against HPV. A total of 194 surveys were returned; 181 (93%) contained analyzable data. Results Eleven percent of mothers were aware of an HPV vaccine. Ninety-four percent believed that the HPV vaccine will be effective and 90% disagreed that their daughter would have sex early if she was vaccinated. Beliefs regarding premarital sex, such as “girls who have sex before marriage are not respected” and “it would be hard to find a husband” were held by 76% and 62% of mothers, respectively. Despite this, over 90% were in favor of their daughter receiving the HPV vaccine. Ninety-five percent indicated that a recommendation from their doctor would be very important in their decision-making, and 78% indicated that the media would be very important. Conclusions Initial responses to the HPV vaccine for girls in Vietnam appear favorable. Beliefs regarding negative social consequences for girls who engage in premarital sex are prevalent but unassociated with HPV vaccine acceptability. Accurate and consistent recommendations from doctors and media sources will be important for vaccination efforts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Two new phenyl glycosides, mangliesides A and B (1, 2), a new ionol glycoside, manglieside C (3), two new lignan glycosides, mangliesides D and E (4, 5), were isolated from the leaves of Manglietia ...phuthoensis, along with two known lignans, 3-methoxymagnolol (6) and obovatol (7). Their structures were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR, electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and HR-ESI-MS experiments. Among them, compounds 2 and 5 significantly (p<0.05) increased the growth and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro.
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•Embarks on novel nanocomposite electrocatalyst syntheses from biomass and transition metal oxide.•The nanocomposite demonstrates high electrocatalytic activity and durability for the ...hydrogen evolution reaction.•Biowaste-derived carbon promotes fast charge transfer and well-dispersed sulfur-modified metal oxide creates abundant active sites.•Sulfur incorporation modulates the adsorption energy of water molecules on the catalyst surface.•The energy barrier for water dissociation is lowered and the activity is enhanced over the sulfur-incorporated metal oxide surface.
In the pursuit of a more sustainable future and to combat the environmental impact of fossil fuels, green hydrogen production through water electrolysis is gaining traction. While noble metals currently dominate electrocatalyst design, their expense limits widespread adoption. This study proposes a solution by outlining a method for designing efficient and affordable electrocatalysts based on non-precious metals. Herein, we introduce a novel S-incorporated Ni2O3 supported on biowaste-derived activated carbon (S-Ni2O3@AC) synthesized from pumpkin shells. This facile and sustainable approach utilizes readily available resources. The S-Ni2O3@AC nanocomposite demonstrates excellent HER performance with low overpotential and high durability. This is attributed to a high surface area of the composite, fast charge transfer, optimal hydrogen adsorption, and lowered energy barrier for water dissociation facilitated by sulfur incorporation, which is demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This research paves the way for cost-effective and sustainable hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objective. Uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are rare tumors with a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to review the presentation, therapy and outcome of patients with leiomyosarcoma ...originating from the uterus treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1990 to 1999.
Methods. A retrospective chart review was done to patients treated for uterine leiomyosarcoma during the study period. One author reviewed all available histologic specimens. Statistical analysis was done to determine whether there is an association between histologic criteria or therapy used and overall survival.
Results. Forty-seven charts were reviewed to identify 27 patients with leiomyosarcoma arising from the uterus treated in the decade from 1990 to 1999. Most patients received multimodality therapy with surgery followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Patients who had no visible disease at the conclusion of primary surgery had a better overall survival than patients who did not achieve surgical remission (
P < 0.0003). There is a trend toward improved survival in patients with lower number of mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields (
P = 0. 062). Current chemotherapy drugs were minimally effective with 80% of treated patients having progression of disease. Adjuvant therapy after optimal cytoreduction does not decrease the rate of recurrence.
Conclusion. Uterine leiomyosarcoma continues to be a deadly disease. Aggressive surgical cytoreduction at the time of initial diagnosis offers the possibility of prolonged survival or cure.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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