Over a period of five years (2005-2009), the laboratory of the Department for Nutrition and Botanics analyzed 22 samples of mixes from the territory of Serbia, intended for the diet of two categories ...of cattle (fattening calves I and dairy cows with over 20 liters of milk). The analysis was performed using standard methods, and the obtained results were compared with the quality conditions prescribed under the Regulations on quality and other requirements for animal feed (SRY Official Gazette numbers 20/00 and 38/01). Intensive breeding of cattle implies the use of concentrated mixes for all categories which are adapted to the age and purpose of maintenance of the animals. The mixes are products of the animal food industry, and they are obtained through an established technological procedure using the required raw materials. The inadequate quality of raw materials causes problems involving the quality of the finished products, so that strict adherence to the established recipes does not necessary result in a satisfactory quality of the mixes. All of the above imposes the need for the constant monitoring of the nutritive value of the mixes, and consequently also of their quality. On the grounds of the analysis of the presence of the elementary nutritive matter, no significant differences were established with regard to the prescribed quantity of nutritive matter, so that the use of the examined mixes in the diets of the respective categories of cattle can be expected to yield satisfactory production results.
Investigation was carried out on 45 French Alpina goats in the 1st, 2nd and the 3rd lactation. Animals were kept in indoor-outdoor system. Milking efficiency control has been conducted from 30th day ...after weaning during 6 months, in periods of one month. In the first lactation goats produced significantly lower (P<0.01) milk (288.26 kg) than in the second (381.58 kg) and the third lactation (382.96). Statistically higher milk fat content (P<0.01) was determined during the first lactation control in relation to all other controls. Milk fat and protein content were higher during the 1st lactation compared to the 2nd and the 3rd ones, but without statistical significance (P>0.05). Statistically lower (P<0.05) number of somatic cells in the 1st lactation in relation to 2nd and 3rd ones, as well as in the 2nd in relation to 3rd lactation was determined. Number of somatic cells (SC/ml) on the average was the lowest in the 1st control, but later values of SC/ml increased. The results show that number and stage of lactation have significant influence (P<0.01) on milk quantity, as well as on chemical composition.
Black Slavonian pig is an autochtonuous Croatian breed derived by crossing Mangulitza, Berkshire and Polandchina at the end of 19th century. It belongs to the group of endangered breeds. Because of ...its pronounced resistance, pigmented skin and ability of consuming high amounts of roughage (pasture), it is very convenient for keeping it outdoors, especially for organic production within low-input traditional technology. The investigation was conducted on 10 Black Slavonian pigs and 10 crossbreds between Black Slavonian pig (BS) and Swedish Landrace boars (SL). The pigs were fed until weighed approx. 135 kg. They were slaughtered at 12 months age and Black Slavonian pigs at 18 months. The pigs were kept outdoors in a natural low-lying pasture. The pasture area per animal was 0.05 ha. A traditional low- input technology was applied. Apart from pasture. the pigs consumed food found on stubbles after cereals had been harvested (wheat, barley, corn) and were given small amount of corn (0.15 kg/head/day). Dissection of cooled (+4oC ) right pig carcasses was done by the modified method (Weniger et.al., 1963). The meat quality was investigated on a sample of long back muscle (Muscullus longissimus dorsi – MLD) taken between 13th and 14th rib. Outdoor keeping system and low inputs technology resulted in trunks of very significantly (P<0.01) higher meatiness (44.59% : 41.00%), higher ham share (27.78% : 24.16%), higher share of less valuable parts (7.52% : 6.53%) and lower necks share with crossbreds between Black Slavonian pig and Swedish Landrace compared to Black Slavonian pigs. As for pH1 and pH2 values, water fixation ability and meat colour, no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were determined between analyzed pig genotypes. Crossbreds meat, compared to Black Slavonian pig meat, was known for very significantly (P<0.01) higher share of water (71.99% : 71.65%) and lower share of fat (5.30% : 5.90%).
Valpotić, H., šperanda, M., Kovšca-Janjatovic, A., đidara, M., Lackovic, G., Božic, F., Habrun, B., Srecec, S., Mataušic-Pišl, M. and Valpotic, I. 2014. Levamisole stimulates proliferation of ...circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets, gut health and performance in weaned pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 43-53. With the growing knowledge of the porcine immune system and its endogenous modulation, it has been clearly stated that exogenous modulation through the use of substances able to modulate immune functions represents an important prophylactic/therapeutic approach in prevention/treatment of both stress- and F4+ and F18+ enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)-induced infections accompanied weaning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of levamisole (LEVA; 2.5 mg kg-1 BW in 10 mL) applied per os to weaned pigs in proliferation of circulating and intestinal immune cell subsets throughout a period of 5 wk. Changes in proportion or number of peripheral blood and ileal mucosal leukocytes tested were studied either weekly by flow cytometry or at the end of the experiment (day 35) by immunohistology/histomorphometry, respectively. Pigs treated with LEVA had increased proportions of peripheral blood CD45+ lymphoid cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD21+ B cells (P<0.01) between days 14 and 35 following the treatment. Also, LEVA stimulated the proliferation of CD45RA+ naïve lymphoid cells in interfollicular (P<0.001) and follicular areas (P<0.05) of ileal Peyer's patches at day 35 of the experiment. These pigs had a significantly higher (P<0.05) average body weight (19.7 vs. 17.1 kg) and weight gain at the end of experiment compared with the control pigs (for 15%). We conclude that LEVA stimulated the proliferation of circulating and intestinal lymphoid cell subsets tested and improved performance in weaned pigs, and thus, the drug may nonspecifically enhance their immunity/resistance to F4+ and F18+ ETEC strains.
Similarly as in other organ structures stem cells are present in cornea residing basal epithelial layer termed palisade of Voight. A growing interest in allografts and xenografts implies a thorough ...study of regenerative potentials of these cells, as well as a clear description of their patterns in in vitro tissue cultures to be grafted. Recently we have developed a simple method for cultivation of porcine corneal epithelial stem cells obtained by biopsy from the limbal region. Eight enucleated eyes were obtained from four slaughtered pigs. 5 mm
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samples of limbal epithelium were taken by keratotomy method. The primary cultures of these cells showed phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of porcine corneal epithelial cells following May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining. After 5d of sowing they reached 80% of confluence. With the «Night & Day» lenses a total confluence was achieved 5d earlier in comparison to the cells that were grown in the secondary cultures. Accordingly, the use of porcine limbal stem cells has potentials in veterinary medicine (as novel approach in reparative/regenerative medicine of pets, horses and selected breeds), but also are in accordance with the extensive studies on the potential use of xenografts, mainly swine tissues/organs, in humans.
Current knowledge concerning the possible use and impact of replacing the soybean proteins with those derived from a defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI) meal while feeding chickens to ...produce the meat for human consumption is very limited. This study's objective was to examine the influence of partial replacement of the HI-defatted flour on chicken meat's technological properties and quality. 180 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were divided into three experimental groups (P1, P2, and P3) and one control group counting 45 chicks. The experimental groups were fed with the fattening mixtures containing 15, 25, and 45% of the HI-defatted flour, while the control group was fed in accordance with the standard chicken-fattening requirements. After 42 days, the chickens were slaughtered, and the breasts and drumsticks of 40 chickens were subjected to analysis. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the P1 for the drip-loss values measured 24 hours after sampling, the muscle resistance to cutting, and the cooking loss values. The water-binding capacity for all three experimental groups did not demonstrate statistically significant differences for the pH.sub.1 and pH.sub.2 values. Considering the CIE L*a*b* color standard reference values, the results for the breast meat were normally to slightly lighter than normal ones. The basic chemical parameter (water, protein, fat, and collagen) results confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference in any of the experimental groups if compared to the control one.
Current knowledge concerning the possible use and impact of replacing the soybean proteins with those derived from a defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI) meal while feeding chickens to ...produce the meat for human consumption is very limited. This study's objective was to examine the influence of partial replacement of the HI-defatted flour on chicken meat's technological properties and quality. 180 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were divided into three experimental groups (P1, P2, and P3) and one control group counting 45 chicks. The experimental groups were fed with the fattening mixtures containing 15, 25, and 45% of the HI-defatted flour, while the control group was fed in accordance with the standard chicken-fattening requirements. After 42 days, the chickens were slaughtered, and the breasts and drumsticks of 40 chickens were subjected to analysis. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the P1 for the drip-loss values measured 24 hours after sampling, the muscle resistance to cutting, and the cooking loss values. The water-binding capacity for all three experimental groups did not demonstrate statistically significant differences for the pH.sub.1 and pH.sub.2 values. Considering the CIE L*a*b* color standard reference values, the results for the breast meat were normally to slightly lighter than normal ones. The basic chemical parameter (water, protein, fat, and collagen) results confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference in any of the experimental groups if compared to the control one. Keywords: alternative protein source, broilers, production results, meat quality Dosadasnje znanje o mogucoj upotrebi i utjecaju zamjene bjelancevina soje s bjelancevinama podrijetlom od odmascenoga brasna crne vojnicke muhe (Hermetia illucens, HI) u pogledu hranidbe pilica za proizvodnju mesa za ljudsku potrosnju vrlo je ograniceno. Cilj istrazivanja bio je ispitati utjecaj djelomicne zamjene odmascenoga brasna HI na tehnoloska svojstva i kvalitetu pilecega mesa. Sto osamdeset jednodnevnih pilica Ross 308 podijeljeno je u tri eksperimentalne skupine i jednu kontrolnu skupinu od po 45 pilica. Eksperimentalne skupine hranjene su tovnim smjesama koje su sadrzavale 15, 25 i 45% odmascenoga brasna HI, dok je kontrolna skupina hranjena u skladu sa standardnim zahtjevima tova pilica. Svaka smjesa koristena u tovu pilica uravnotezena je prema potrebama pilica u odredenoj fazi tova. Nakon 42 dana tova pilici su zaklani, a prsa i bataci sa zabatcima 40 pilica (10 po skupini) su koristeni u svrhu analiza. Statisticki znacajna razlika (P < 0,05) uocena je u P1 eksperimentalnoj skupini za vrijednosti otpustanja mesnoga soka izmjerenoga 24 sata nakon uzorkovanja, za otpornost misica na presijecanje i za vrijednosti za kalo kuhanja. Kapacitet vezanja vode za sve tri pokusne skupine nije pokazao statisticki znacajne razlike, kao ni za vrijednosti pH.sub.1 i pH.sub.2. S obzirom na referentne vrijednosti prema CIE L*a*b* standardu boja, rezultati za meso prsa su bili normalni do nesto svjetliji od normalnih. Rezultati analiza osnovnih kemijskih parametara (voda, bjelancevina, masti i kolagen) pokazali su kako nema statisticki znacajnih promjena ni kod jedne pokusne skupine u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Kljucne rijeci: alternativni izvori bjelancevina, brojleri, proizvodni rezultati, kakvoca mesa
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