•Tomato rootstock cultivars affect Trialeurodes vaporariorum populations.•The rootstock cultivar alters glucose and fructose levels in phloem sap.•Tomato rootstocks could constitute a non-chemical ...method in an IPM of the T. vaporariorum.
Two experiments were conducted on hydroponic tomatoes to assess the effect of tomato rootstocks/grafting on Trialeurodes vaporariorum populations. In the 1st experiment, the rootstock cultivars Arnold, Buffon, Emperador and Maxifort were grown as nongrafted or grafted with the scion cultivar, Clarabella, while the scion Clarabella was grown as nongrafted or self-grafted. In the 2nd experiment, a new scion Estatio was introduced to check the response of different genotypes to grafting and their attractiveness to the pest. The scions Clarabella and Estatio were self-grafted or grafted onto the rootstock cultivars Arnold, Buffon, Emperador and Maxifort. A two-factorial experimental design with four replications was applied in both studies, and the tomatoes were artificially infested with T. vaporariorum. In the 1st experiment lower population densities of T. vaporariorum adult and large nymphs were recorded on four rootstock cultivars compared to the densities on Clarabella. The cultivar Clarabella was characterised by the lowest contents of glucose and fructose in phloem sap and the most attractive cultivar to T. vaporariorum. This suggests the infestation by T. vaporariorum could lead to a decrease in these carbohydrates in leaves. The lengths, widths and surface area of T. vaporariorum were lower on nongrafted Clarabella compared to ones developed on Clarabella grafted onto Buffon. In the 2nd experiment, the adult and nymphal pest populations were decreased by grafting on rootstocks, while the effect of the tested scions was generally not significant. In conclusion, the use of tomato rootstocks could constitute a valuable tool in an integrated pest management strategy against the greenhouse whitefly T. vaporariorum.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The fatty‐acid contents of five chicory cultivars commonly produced in Slovenia (‘Treviso’, ‘Verona’, ‘Castelfranco’, and autochthonous ‘Anivip’ and ‘Monivip’) were investigated. Mineral and organic ...fertilisers were used to produce the leaf mass for analysis. Hydroponic forcing of developed chicory roots was performed in three nutrient solutions with nitrogen, phosphorus and/or potassium at three different concentrations. The fatty‐acid analysis with gas chromatography (GC) revealed the contents of the C 16:0, C 18:0, C 18:1, C 18:2, C 18:3 and C 20:0 fatty acids. The total fatty‐acid content of the chicory produced by conventional and organic practices ranged from 170 to 500 mg/100 g fresh weight, and of the hydroponically forced chicons, from 60 to 160 mg/100 g fresh weight. The highest fatty‐acid content for both the chicory and chicons was α‐linolenic acid (≤63%), followed by linoleic (≤45%) and palmitic (≤24%) acids. The n‐6/n‐3 ratio was <1.0 for most of the samples. Practical applications: The study contributes to the knowledge of the impact of fertilisers on fatty acids profiles in chicory and chicon plants which has not been published in scientific literature so far. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fatty‐acid composition of five chicory cultivars (red, red‐spotted, green) produced as cultivated (organically, conventionally) chicory leaves/ heads and as forced chicons. The present analysis demonstrates that the majority of the fatty acids in chicory and chicon consist of the PUFAs, among which the main ones are α‐linolenic acid (C 18:3, n‐3) and linoleic acid (C 18:2, n‐6). The fertilizers significantly impact fatty acid formation. The chicory and chicon both have an n‐6/n‐3 ratio < 1 and they thus represent a food that follows the current nutritional recommendations. Content of α‐linolenic and linoleic fatty acids (wt. %/total fatty acids) of forced and unforced chicory
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The objectives of the present study were firstly to analyse the genetic relatedness among three Slovenian sweet potato varieties; and secondly to assess the effects of different growing media on ...selected agronomic and nutritional traits of these varieties. Tubers of three varieties ('Lučka', 'Janja', 'Martina') with different skin/flesh colour were produced in planters under glasshouse conditions in five different growing media (perlite, peat, expanded clay, vermiculite, garden soil) from prior raised seedlings. Genetic analysis was performed using a set of eight SSR markers. According to Nei’s genetic distance and pairwise population Fst analysis, the most related varieties are 'Janja' and 'Martina'; in contrast, 'Lučka' and 'Martina' show the weakest geneticrelationships. The following agronomic traits were evaluated: vine length, thickness of vine-base, number of branches, weight of above ground part, number of leaves plant-1, number of tubers plant-1 and tubers weight plant-1. Between nutritional traits total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant potential (AOP) and ascorbic acid content (AA) were determined in the range: 36.2 to 65.1 mg GAE 100g-1 FW, 0.18 to 0.56 mg TE g-1 FW and 13.7 to 23.5 mg 100g-1 FW, respectively. Significant interactions of growing media (factor A) × variety (factor B) were observed for thickness of vine-base, weight of above ground part, AOP, TPC and AA. Overall, results showed variation in varieties response to growing media. Growing media provide a discriminant classification of the sweet potato varieties according to their agronomic and nutritional traits.
“Early” potato crops are grown in the Mediterranean basin and are marketed from March to June, well before main-crop potato in the spring–summer growth period. Different growing technologies have ...been implemented to enhance potato “earliness” to achieve a better market price, but at the same time, the applied technologies may influence yield and quality of the ‘early potato’. The main goal of this study was to investigate differences in “early” potato nutritional and sensory characteristics after oil-frying influenced by location and plant covering in five potato cultivars. The present investigation was carried out at two planting locations during two seasons. The application of a plant cover significantly increased the potato tubers’ dry matter, starch, and sugar content in the second season. Sensory analysis of the oil-fried “early” potatoes revealed no differences between potatoes grown with or without the plant cover. We also observed significantly higher dry matter content in potatoes grown at the Split location in the second year, while no differences in the sensory scores between oil-fried potatoes grown at the investigated locations were observed. By employing a plant cover or by choosing a warmer planting location the desired potato maturity level could be reached in less time, and one could more effectively exploit the “early” potato market. By employing such techniques there should be no loss in yield, nutritional or sensory quality of potato tubers.
The aim of this study was to measure the bioactive compounds and elemental composition in the leaves of different chicory (
Cichoruim intybus
L.) cultivars after hydroponic forcing. Five chicory ...cultivars were studied: three red coloured cultivars: ‘Treviso’, ‘Verona’, and ‘Anivip’; one red-spotted cultivar ‘Castelfranco’; and one green cultivar ‘Monivip’. Developing chicory roots were forced in three different nutrient solutions enriched in nitrogen (+N), enriched in potassium (+N/K), or enriched in phosphorus (+N/P/K) to obtain new vegetative apical buds called chicons, or ‘Belgian endive’. Each of the nutrient solutions was used at three concentrations: 1%, 2%, and 3%. Fifty leaf samples (5 cultivars × 10 nutrient solutions) were used for analyses. Total phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and total flavonoid content were determined using spectrophotometric methods at the appropriate wavelengths, and multi-elemental analysis (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn, Rb, Br, and Sr) was conducted using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the chicons were observed with the nutrient solution enriched in K, followed by the solution enriched in N, and P. The highest antioxidant potential was observed with the nutrient solution enriched in N. Multi-element analysis detected the major macroelements (> 1 g·kg
-1
dry weight) as K, P, Ca, Cl, and S. The nutrient solutions enriched in K and P generally showed the highest contents of these two macroelements in the chicons. Linear discriminant analysis for 19 parameters derived from 43 samples of five cultivars of chicons showed good discrimination between cultivars and nutrient solutions used for hydroponic forcing.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Selen (Se) je esencialen element za ljudi in živali, za rastline pa njegova esencialnost še ni dokazana. Številne študije so tudi pokazale, da imajo nekatere organske oblike Se antikancerogeno ...delovanje proti določenim oblikam raka. Se je prisoten v tleh (naravno ali zaradi antropogenih vplivov) in pride v prehranjevalno verigo prek rastlin. Se se v okolju nahaja tako v anorganski kot v organski obliki, vključujoč selenoaminokisline in metilirane zvrsti. Sposobnost nekaterih rastlin, da akumulirajo in transformirajo anorganske oblike Se v bioaktivne organske oblike, pomembno vpliva na prehrano in s tem na človekovo zdravje. Esencialnost Se za rastline še ni bila dokazana, vendar so nekatere rastline sposobne absorbirati večje količine tega elementa. Nekatere rastline (vrste iz rodov Astragalus, Stanleya, Morinda in Neptunia) na eni strani lahko akumulirajo več tisoč miligramov Se kg-1 suhe snovi (Se akumulirajoče rastline), na drugi strani pa imamo rastline, ki vsebujejo manj kot 25 mg Se kg-1 suhe snovi (Se neakumulirajoče rastline). V tretjo skupino sodijo Se sekundarno akumulirajoče rastline iz rodov Aster, Atriplex, Castilleja …, ki dobro uspevajo na tleh, bogatih s Se, rastejo pa tudi, če je Se manj, in akumulirajo do 1.000 mg Se kg-1 suhe snovi. Rastline se pred visokimi koncentracijami Se branijo tako, da ohranjajo koncentracijo SeCys in SeMet v celicah, da povečujejo tvorbo nebeljakovinskih aminokislin, da izključijo SeCys iz beljakovin ali s pretvorbo Se v hlapne spojine.
In the intensive horticulture, various ways of protected area are used for the growth of seedlings and the cultivation of vegetables in all seasons. The easiest and the cheapest form of protected ...area is agrotextile, which can be laid directly over vegetable crops (row cover). Agrotextiles are nonwovens which are manufactured from textile fibres which are usually of chemical origin. Textiles, used as agrotextiles require suitable tensile strength and good permeability characteristics with no significant deterioration under the influence of weather changes and UV radiation. Properties of agrotextiles depend on the fibres made of and on the type and conditions of production. The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of simulated sun light radiation (xenon lamp) on physical properties of polypropylene (PP) nonwoven material, which is used for the production of agrotextiles. The research showed that the properties of row cover change when radiated with UV light. Tensile, tearing and bursting properties worsen after radiation and air permeability and water vapour show little increase. The changes in the properties are a consequence of changes in fibres, molecular and supermolecular structure which is exhibited in changed fibres and consequently also nonwoven properties.
The use of medicinal plants has been decreasing gradually. Our main objective was to determine whether young people today are still familiar with medicinal plants, and whether traditional knowledge, ...which forms part of the cultural heritage, has been lost or is still being passed on to new generations. In our study, we found that the majority of 19-year-olds used medicinal plants occasionally. They mostly buy dried plants or products based on medicinal plants; they rarely grew plants themselves. Their general knowledge concerning the use and effects of using these plants was not satisfactory. Students were only able to identify correctly a few medicinal plants, and most were not able to recognize poisonous plants. It was proposed that more time in school should be devoted to this topic because pupils did show interest in medicinal plants. This could be in the form of an elective module in the frame of an open curriculum that would also include growing plants in a school garden.
The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of fatty
acids in leaves of nine chicory cultivars (Cichorium intybus L.). The growing
practice followed the traditional forcing ...method of developed roots in a peat
to obtain new etiolated vegetative apical buds, known as chicons. The fatty
acid content was determined by the extraction of fatty acid methyl esters and
analysis by means of gas chromatography. The analysis revealed the following
ratios of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 of individual fatty acids. The
total fatty acid content in forced chicory leaves ranged from 104 to 644
mg/100 g fresh weight. The highest relative content (64%) is presented by
?-linolenic acid, followed by linoleic (44%) and palmitic (21%). An n-6/n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio of studied forced chicory is below 1.4 and
thus, in accordance with the recommended dietary ratio that is close to 1.
nema
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