In August 2023, leaf spot disease was observed in peanuts in Cheongju-si, Korea. Leaf spots occurred at the leaf margins and the lesions gradually expanded. Diseased leaf areas were light or dark ...brown and irregular in shape. A fungal isolate was obtained from symptomatic leaf and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 25℃. An isolate was identified as Colletotrichum sojae based on morphological characteristics and sequences of the internal transcribed spacers, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, chitin synthase-1, actin, and β-tubulin genes. Pathogenicity tests were performed on peanut seedlings in a conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/mL). Lesions were observed on the peanut leaf 5 d after inoculation. The pathogen was re-isolated from the lesions of the inoculated leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose on peanut caused by C. sojae in Korea.
담배가루이는 원예 식물, 채소 및 과일 등 작물에 심각한 피해를 주는 해충으로 알려져 있다. 특히 담배가루이는 시설 재배지에서 살충제 저항성으로 인해 방제가 힘들다. 뿐만 아니라 농약의 잔류로 인해 화학 살충제 사용의 제한이 있기 때문에 이를 대체하고 보완할 수 있는 방제 방법이 필요하다. 훈증제 에틸포메이트는 살충 효과가 빠르고 환경에 무해하며 특히 ...인축 독성이 낮아 검역 해충을 소독하기 위해 사용되어지고 있다. 이러한 에틸포메이트를 이용하여 시설 재배지 작물 중 담배가루이의 피해가 심한 참외, 오이, 토마토, 고추를 대상으로 온도와 습도 조건에 따른 훈증 처리를 통해 약해 평가를 하였다. 21oC에서 에틸포메이트 1.5 g/m3 4시간 훈증처리 했을 때와 2.0 g/m3 로 2시간 훈증처리 했을 때 담배가루이는 완전 방제가 되었으며 이와 같은 농도로 온도와 습도 조건을 다르게 하여4종의 작물을 0.275 m3 훈증 챔버에서 훈증 처리하여 약해 증상을 조사하였다. 그 결과 고추와 토마토가 온도와 상관없이 높은 습도 조건에서 신초가 타는 듯한 증상의 약해 피해가 있었고 참외와 오이는 온도와 습도 조건 상관없이약해 증상이 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 에틸포메이트 훈증처리는 시설 재배지에서의 참외와 오이에 담배가루이를 방제를 위한 안전하고 효과 있는 새로운 방식의 방제법이 될 것이다. 그러나 해충의 발육단계별, 작물의 생육시기별 에틸포메이트에 대한 감수성과 약해 반응 평가에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. Sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a serious invasive pest of horticulture plants, vegetables and fruits. Control of B. tabaci is especially difficult in the vinyl house due to resistance of pesticide. Here we evaluated the potential use of ethyl formate (EF) against B. tabaci on four agricultural plants (yellow melon, cucumber, tomato and pepper). 4 hours EF fumigation with 1.5 g/m3 was perfectly controlled for B. tabaci adults at 21oC and 2 .0 g/m3 of EF 2 hours fumigation was also controlled 100% against adults of B tabaci. For practical application of EF in vinyl house, humidity and temperature might be most effective factors. In this study, we assessed phytotoxic symptom on four agricultural plants (yellow melon, cucumber, tomato and pepper) under different temperature and humidity condition using 0.275 m3 fumigation chambers. In our results, high humidity was major factor of some phytotoxicity in pepper’s and tomato’s new leaf but temperatures were no significant factor on four all plants. These results suggest that EF fumigation may be a viable option for controlling B. tabaci in vinyl house where cultivating with yellow melon and cucumber. KCI Citation Count: 0
Anastatus orientalis is a solitary endoparasitoid of Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) eggs. We investigated the development, longevity, fecundity, and sex ratio of A. orientalis on ...different temperatures to establish the optimal temperature condition for laboratory mass rearing. There were significant differences in its development and longevity between 15 °C and the rest of temperature conditions (20, 25, and 30 °C), among which were no significant differences. The average number of eggs laid by A. orientalis was higher at 20 and 25 °C, but there was no statistically significant difference in its fecundity between the two temperatures. More females emerged at 15 and 20 °C than higher temperatures.
Parasitisms of A. orientalis varied with host egg ages and densities. Even in 14 day old eggs of L. delicatula, parasitoids successfully emerged from 92.3% of the parasitized eggs. On the other hand, parasitism was lowest (13.8%) on just before hatching eggs. Parasitism was negatively dependent on host density.
Oviposition behavior for A. orientalis primarily occurred at 1400–1600 h, not at 2400–0800 h. The majority of this parasitoid's emergence occurred at 0800–1000 h, largely before noon. These results may be useful for controlling the adequate time for supplying host eggs and release density of this parasitoid as well as for potentially predicting the accurate time for securing parasitoid adults in laboratory mass rearing of A. orientalis.
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•Efficient temperature conditions for laboratory mass rearing of Anastatus orientalis were 20 and 25 °C.•Even in 14 day old host eggs, A. orientalis successfully emerged from 92.3% of the parasitized eggs.•Parasitism of A. orientalis was negatively dependent on host egg density.•Oviposition behavior of A. orientalis primarily occurred at 1400–1600 h.•The majority of this parasitoid's emergence occurred at 0800–1000 h, largely before noon.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We propose and analyze two-scale product approximation for semilinear heat equations in the mixed finite element method. In order to efficiently resolve nonlinear algebraic equations resulting from ...the mixed method for semilinear parabolic problems, we treat the nonlinear terms using some interpolation operator and exploit a two-scale grid algorithm.
With this scheme, the nonlinear problem is reduced to a linear problem on a fine scale mesh without losing overall accuracy of the final system.
We derive optimal order L ∞ ((0,T;L²(Ω))-error estimates for the rele- vant variables. Numerical results are presented to support the theory developed in this paper. KCI Citation Count: 13
An upstream scheme based on the pseudostress-velocity mix- ed formulation is studied to solve convection-dominated Oseen equations.
Lagrange multipliers are introduced to treat the trace-free ...constraint and the lowest order Raviart-Thomas finite element space on rectangular mesh is used. Error analysis for several quantities of interest is given. Par- ticularly, first-order convergence in L2 norm for the velocity is proved.
Finally, numerical experiments for various cases are presented to show the efficiency of this method. KCI Citation Count: 3
This study established a basis for the development of eco-friendly pest control agents using plant extracts that interfere with the binding of insect juvenile hormones. Owing to its substantial ...influence on crop production, the peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is a known economic pest. To produce transformants for the screening of plant extracts, a yeast two-hybrid assay was performed with the juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene-tolerant of Myzus persicae and its partner protein steroid receptor co-activator. Members of the Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Theaceae, and Magnoliaceae families were identified as high-ranking plant groups based on the results of the screening for plant extracts with elevated juvenile hormone disruptor (JHD) activity. High JHD activity was confirmed in extracts of various species, including Camellia japonica, Lindera erythrocarpa, Carpesium abrotanoides, Magnolia obovata, and Hedera rhombea. Based on these results, the extracts that showed considerable JHD activity are considered safer and more environmentally friendly than existing pest control agents and, hence, could be used as a basis for the development of new pest control agents. KCI Citation Count: 0
본 연구에서는 식물정유 124종과 6종의 분무제형(SF-0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 및 10% sprays)을 대상으로 미국선녀벌레 약충과 성충에 대한 독성을 평가 하였다. 약충에 대한 실험은 1,000 mg/L와 500 mg/L로 실시 하였으며, 엽침지법을 사용하였다. 미국선녀벌레 약충에 대한 124종의 식물정유의 살충성을 스크리닝한 결과, ...64종의 식물정유가60% 이상의 사충률을 보였고, 이 중 19종의 식물정유는 100%의 사충률을 보였다. 일차 활성이 좋은 식물정유를 500mg/L로 검정한 결과 cinnamon technical, cinnamon green leaf, cinnamon #500, cassia tree, citronella java 및pennyroyal oil이 100%의 살충활성을 나타냈고, origanum, thyme white, grapefruit, savory, fennel sweet, aniseed 및cinnamon bark oil 순으로 93.3%에서 80%까지 높은 살충활성을 보였다. Thyme red, tagetes, calamus, lemoneucalyptus, geranium oil은 73.3%에서 60% 정도의 살충활성을 보였다. 이중 100%의 높은 살충활성을 보인 정유 12종을 6농도의 분무제형으로 미국선녀벌레 성충에 대한 살충활성을 검정한 결과, cinnamon technical oil이 SF-0.5의제형에서 100%의 살충활성을 보였으며, cinnamon #500, cinnamon green leaf, pennyroyal oil은 SF-2.5에서 100%의살충활성을 보였다. 농업환경에서 고독성 합성살충제의 사용을 줄일 수 있는 방안으로 본 논문에서 선발한 식물정유가 미국선녀벌레의 약충 및 성충 방제에 유용한 수단으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The insecticidal activity of 124 plant essential oils and control efficacy of six experimental sprayformulations (SF) containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10% of the selected oils was examined against bothnymph and adult of the citrus flatid planthopper, Metcalfa pruinosa using direct contact applications (leafdipping and spray). Reponses varied according to dose (1,000 and 500 mg/L). When exposed at 1,000 mg/Lfor 24 h using leaf dipping assay, 19 essential oils showed strong mortality (100%) among 124 essential oilsscreened. At 500 mg/L, 100% mortality was observed in cinnamon technical, cinnamon green leaf, cinnamon#500, cassia tree, citronella java and pennyroyal followed by origanum, thyme white, grapefruit, savory,fennel sweet, aniseed and cinnamon bark showed considerable mortality (93.3-80%) against nymphs of M. pruinosa. The moderate mortality (73.3-60%) was found in thyme red, tagetes, calamus, lemoneucalptus andgeranium. Oils applied as SF-10% sprays provided 100 % mortality against adult M. pruinosa. One hundredmortalities were achieved in cinnamon technical at >SF-0.5 formulation, in cinnamon #500, cinnamon greenleaf and penny royal at >SF-2.5. To reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic insecticides in the agriculturalenvironment, the active essential oils as potential larvicides could be provided as an alternative to control M. pruinosa populations. KCI Citation Count: 5
The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in the management and 5-year survival rates of patients with oral cancer in our department over a 30-year period.
We investigated the patient ...distributions, treatment methods, method of neck dissection according to cancer stage, and 5-year survival rates for 700 oral cancer patients over the periods of 1982-1996 (256 patients), 1999-2006 (248 patients), and 2007-2011 (196 patients).
Stage IV patients were the largest group in all of the time periods evaluated. Although surgery and radiotherapy were the most common methods in all periods (over 50%), the prevalence of patients who underwent concomitant chemoradiotherapy increased from 7.0% to 16.2%. The use of radical neck dissection decreased from 43.0% to 5.3%, while conservative surgical methods increased from 24.1% to 76.3%. Lastly, the overall 5-year survival rate increased from 31.6% to 63.5% during the study period.
Although the 5-year survival rate reached the same level as that of other developed countries during the course of our study, most patients continue to come to the hospital with stage IV disease. In order to increase the 5-year survival rate of oral carcinoma, it may be necessary to improve public education and social efforts relevant to early diagnosis.
This study was carried out to investigate the optimum composition of sex pheromones for mate attraction in the rice green caterpillar Naranga aenescens, and to evaluate the effects of pheromone ...quantity, trap type, and trapping location on trapping success in Korean paddy fields. Mating rate of N. aenescens increased with age, with the highest mating rate 2days after emergence. The highest mating rate occurred within 1h after lights-off; mating pairs were not observed during the photophase. In electroantennogram (EAG) and gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) analysis, virgin female extracts had 2 EAD-active components. The mass spectra of the 2 distinct EAD-active components were identical to those of Z9-14:Ac and Z11-16:Ac. Additionally, Z9-16:Ac was identified in the extracts in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Wing traps with lures containing 1mg of a 2:1:4 mixture of Z9-14:Ac, Z9-16:Ac, and Z11-16:Ac was the most attractive to N. aenescens males. Pheromone-baited wing trapping, therefore, can be a simple and effective tool for monitoring N. aenescens populations.
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•The optimum pheromone composition of Naranga aenescens was identified.•The pheromone quantity of N. aenescens was determined.•The sticky-typed wing trap was the most effective for N. aenescens in Korea.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
본 연구의 목적은 한국의 바른생활과 교육과정과 일본의 1, 2학년 도덕 교육과정의 비교를 통하여 교육과정 개발에 있어서 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 한국의 경우는 2007년 개정 교육과정의 바른생활과를, 일본의 경우는 2008년 학습지도요령의 1, 2학년 도덕 교육과정을 기초로 비교 분석하였다. 양국의 교육과정은 목표, 시간배당, 내용을 중심으로 비교 ...분석하였다. 그 결과, 양국 교육과정의 공통점으로는 교육목표에서 양국 모두 도덕적 가치, 판단력, 실천의욕 및 태도를 강조한다는 것과, 교육내용에서 양국 모두 기본생활습관, 예절, 배려, 생활규범과 관련된 내용들을 강조하고 있다는 것이다. 하지만, 양국의 차이점으로는 교육 내용에서 한국은 기본생활습관의 형성과 관련해서 기본생활습관뿐만 아니라 기본학습습관 형성의 내용도 다수 포함하고 있지만, 일본은 개인의 건강, 안전, 절약, 근면 등과 같은 기본생활습관과 관련된 내용만으로 구성하고 있었다. 또한, 한국은 규범과 관련하여 차례와 질서 지키기와 같은 사회생활 규범을 강조하는 반면, 일본은 정직, 근로, 용기 등과 같은 개인생활 규범을 강조하는 경향이 있었다. 마지막으로, 한국과 일본의 공통점과 차이점을 기초로 한국의 바른생활과 교육과정 개발의 시사점에 대해서 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to gain implications on curriculum development from the comparative analysis of Moral Life curriculum of Korea and morals curriculum of Japan. The comparative analysis was based on the 2007 revised Moral Life curriculum of Korea and the 2008 revised morals curriculum of Japan. The curriculum of the two countries were compared and analyzed based on the purpose, assigned time and contents. As a result, the similarities of the curriculum of the two countries were that they both emphasized moral values, determination, practice and attitude. Also, both of their contents were composed of basic life practices, manners, consideration and norms. However, the differences regarding contents were that when teaching basic life practices, Korea included cultivation of basic learning practices along with basic living practices while those of Japan only had information regarding basic living practices such as personal health, safety, frugality and diligence. In addition, Korea emphasized maintaining order regarding norms while Japan focused on honesty, labor and courage. Finally, there suggested various points of improvement on developing the Moral Life curriculum of Korea based on the similarities and differences of Korea and Japan. KCI Citation Count: 1
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