A high-quality diet during the growth period is necessary to support poultry performance. Shrimp shell fermentation with Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...(SSFBLS) can improve the quality of low protein diet in Indonesian native chickens. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of SSFBLS supplementation in a low protein diet on the growth performance of Indonesian native chickens. Three hundred native chickens were assigned to six treatments with five replications using a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of a low protein diet formula (15%) with SSFBLS levels 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% and RS as a high protein recommended feed (18% protein). The evaluation results showed that the use of SSFBLS supplementation of 10% in low-protein diets, in (P < 0.05) improved body weight gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency than at 0-5%, and was similar to the high-protein diet. SSFBLS 20% increased the protein content of meat and reduced cholesterol levels of meat and ammonia excreta. Revenue on feed costs was highest at 10% SSFBLS. The added value of SSFBLS, which contains nutrients and chitosan, can be used as an ingredient in feed formulas to support the growth performance of Indonesian native chickens.
ABSTRACTBioconversion product of shrimp waste with BLS microbes (Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) holds digestive proteases with a great potential to be used ...as prebiotics for native chicken. In the present work, the ratio of liquid extract bioconversion product and binders formulated both 4:1 (T1); 5:1 (T2), and 6:1 (T3) to entrap prebiotics enzymes from BLS microbes have been characterized. The trials were needed to verify contained in prebiotics from encapsulated liquid extract on quality of feed supplement. The overall results indicated that binders formulated T2 (5:1) capsules of prebioticsBLS extract were better vehicles to deliver shrimp enzymes in native chickens. The implication of metabolizable energy and digestibility at Indonesian local chicken showed that T2 binders formulated improve protein digestibility (80%) and metabolizable energy (3033 kcal/kg) of local chicken. Feeding trial prebiotic BLS used at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2%) at basal feed (protein 28.22%), with one treatment of standard feed (protein 32.18%). Supplementing diets with prebiotic BLS, especially at 1.5%, has a variety of growth-promoting effects. The results demonstrate that the observed benefits of prebiotic BLS on low protein diets can be achieved.
Puspitasari M, Abun, Rochana A, Widjastuti T. 2022. The potential of young and old Euphorbia hirta leaves extract as antibacterial against Escherichia coli and antihelminthic against Ascaridia galli ...obtained in Sentul chickens. Biodiversitas 23: 3243-3250. The declining production of indigenous Sentul chickens is due to pathological microbes in the digestive tract. Euphorbia hirta or patikan kebo is a weed exhibiting active compounds that are expected to remove Escherichia coli and Ascaridia galli from the digestive tracts of chicken. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of E. coli and anthelmintic A. galli from the ethanol extract of E. hirta. The anthelmintic activity was analyzed in a completely randomized design with four doses (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/mL) and five replicates. Mortality time series data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test. While a probit analysis determined the Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Lethal Time (LT50), experiments on antibacterial activity were performed by the microdilution method. The result showed a powerful anthelmintic activity in ethanol extracted from both young and old leaves. However, LC50 and LT50 were higher in young leaves than the old ones. While antibacterial activity against E. coli was apparent from ethanol extract in old and young leaves. Old leaves have a Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of 3.125% lower than young leaves (12.5%).
Feed supplements of oil and selenium have been studied for their effect on absolute weight growth and a descriptive picture of the nutritional content of protein, fat, cholesterol in tilapia baby ...fish. Feed experiments using Complete Randomized Design (6x3), R1 (basal/protein ration 28%); R2 addition of a mixture of coconut oil and hazelnut oil without Se and R3 (oil mixture 4%+Se 0.15 mg/kg); R4 (4% coconut oil + Se) and R5 (4% hazelnut oil + Se) and Rs (standard ration of protein 32%). Coconut is dominated by saturated fatty acids (lauric acid 42.67%), while hazelnut is dominated by linoleic unsaturated fatty acids (34.4%) and oleic acid (48.99%). Basal ration with the addition of a mixture of vegetable oils + Se resulted in an absolute growth of 27.33 g and a daily growth rate (DGR) of 0.43 g/day, and matched the Ration with high protein (32%). The addition of vegetable fats and selenium provides fish meat protein content 54.62%-58.54% and meat protein conversion (protein productive value) 27.68-32.03%. The fat content of meat and cholesterol ranges from 7.15%-10.20% and 75.43-103.97 mg/dL, respectively, and Se in tilapia meat ranges from 0.502-0.753 mg/kg).
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of attitude of ABM and STEMstudents toward business and their business intention and to find out if there is a difference ofattitude toward ...business and business intention of both strands (ABM and STEM). To establishthe theories of the study, the literature was reviewed. The study used descriptive correlationalresearch design and to gather the data, the validated questionnaires were used. The population ofthe study was grade XII ABM and STEM students of the Divine Word Colleges in the IlocosRegion. The study found that their attitude toward business and their business intention is highand based on Pearson r correlation, it was found that there is a significant correlation betweenattitude toward business and business intention and therefore, the hypothesis is accepted.However, based on the F-test which measures the difference between the attitude of ABM andSTEM students’ attitude toward business and their business intention, the study found that thereis no significant difference between both strands when it comes to their attitude toward businessand their business intention.
The study intended to find out the level of cognitive attitude toward the environmentsuch as anthropocentric and eco-centric attitude toward the environment and ecologicalbehaviour of employees and ...find out its correlation between attitude toward the environment andecological behaviour of employees. To deepen and establish the theory of study, related literaturewas reviewed and carry out the study, the questionnaires were used to gather the data. Thepopulation of the study was all employees of the two colleges in the Ilocos region. The studyused descriptive correlational research design and the Pearson r correlation was used to determinethe correlation. The study found that the anthropocentric attitude is higher than the eco-centricattitude. Therefore the dominant attitude of employees toward the environment is ananthropocentric attitude. It is also found that there is a correlation between attitude toward theenvironment and ecological behaviour. Both environmental attitudes affect the ecologicalbehaviour of the employees. Therefore, the hypothesis is accepted.
The continuous use of growth promoter (AGP) antibiotics in rearing chickens will cause residues in the meat. Finding a natural antibiotic derived from herbal plants that noni fruit is necessary. ...Microencapsulation of noni fruit extract (MNFE) was reported to positively affect poultry nutrition absorption. The research was conducted to determine the effect of MNFE with maltodextrin and its implementation as a feed additive to nutrient digestibility and the performance of Sentul chicken. The experiment used 100 Sentul chicks with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with five treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of basal ration T0 (control), T1 (basal ration + 50 mg/kg Zinc-Bacitracin), T2 (basal ration + 125 mg/kg MNFE), T3 (basal ration + 125 mg/kg MNFE), and T4 (basal ration + 375 mg/kg MNFE). Variables observed were nutrient digestibility (crude protein digestibility, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, metabolic energy, nitrogen retention) and performance (feed consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency). The results showed that Crude Protein Digestibility (CPD), Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), metabolic energy, nitrogen retention, and performance of Sentul chicken were significantly (p<0.05) different in the group when compared to controls. It was concluded that adding 250 mg/kg MNFE could improve Sentul chicken's best nutrient digestibility and growth performance. It is recommended to be used as a feed additive to replace AGP.
Bioconversion product of shrimp waste with BLS microbes (Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) holds digestive proteases with a great potential to be used as ...prebiotics for native chicken. In the present work, the ratio of liquid extract bioconversion product and binders formulated both 4:1 (T
1
); 5:1 (T
2
), and 6:1 (T
3
) to entrap prebiotics enzymes from BLS microbes have been characterized. The trials were needed to verify contained in prebiotics from encapsulated liquid extract on quality of feed supplement. The overall results indicated that binders formulated T
2
(5:1) capsules of prebiotics
BLS
extract were better vehicles to deliver shrimp enzymes in native chickens. The implication of metabolizable energy and digestibility at Indonesian local chicken showed that T
2
binders formulated improve protein digestibility (80%) and metabolizable energy (3033 kcal/kg) of local chicken. Feeding trial prebiotic
BLS
used at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2%) at basal feed (protein 28.22%), with one treatment of standard feed (protein 32.18%). Supplementing diets with prebiotic
BLS
, especially at 1.5%, has a variety of growth-promoting effects. The results demonstrate that the observed benefits of prebiotic
BLS
on low protein diets can be achieved.
The study was carried out to determine the psychological need satisfaction at work of employees and its relationship with work engagement. Three basic psychological need satisfactions at work were ...identified such as autonomy, competence and relatedness need. Literature and studies were reviewed. Descriptive research methodology was used and Pearson r product moment correlation was used to determine the correlation. The population of the study was the 300 employees of the colleges under investigation. Questionnaires were used to gather the data. The study found that overall the psychological need satisfaction at work of employees and faculty of Divine Word Colleges was high; however, overall there was no correlation between basic psychological need satisfaction at work of employees and their work engagement. But among the three components of basic psychological need satisfaction, relatedness need is correlated to work engagement of employees. Introduction Rationale Improving organizational performance has no single solution because organizational performance is caused by many aspects of human factors. The performance of the organization depends on its employees who are working for the objectives of the organization. Employees' behaviors depend on how satisfied they are with their work. When they are satisfied, they perform well and consequently improving organizational performance. Therefore, it is necessary for the management to identify what are the needs of employees that drive them to work. Using the self-determination theory as the conceptual framework, the study would like to investigate the basic psychological need satisfaction and how does it affect the work engagement. The study is within the domain of psychology and human behavior and the researcher does not pretend to be psychologist and behaviorist but the researcher uses their theories particularly self-determination theory to develop an understanding of the needs of the faculty and employees. The theory argues that the three needs such as autonomy, competency and relatedness are innate needs and universal, in the sense that all human beings across the boundary, culture, gender and race have the same needs. This study would like to find out the three needs among faculty and employees and how they affect the work engagement.
ABSTRAKKondisi ekologis saluran pencernaan kondusif berpengaruh terhadap kelancaran metabolisme tubuh. Keseimbangan mikroflora hidup pada saluran pencernaan itik sangat membantu kelancaran ...pencernaan nutrien ransum menjadi zat yang lebih sederhana. Kitosan merupakan jenis serat hewan yang sangat cocok untuk menunjang kehidupan bakteri jenis menguntungkan dalam saluran cerna. Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat perkembangan mikroflora saluran pencernaan dengan pemberian kitosan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 2 ekor itik sebagai satuan percobaan. Perlakuan adalah R0 = 0% kitosan, R1 = 0,5% kitosan, R2 = 2% kitosan dan R3 = 2,5% kitosan. Peubah yang diukur adalah jumlah total populasi mikroba, jumlah Salmonela dan jumlah E coli saluran pencernaan itik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kitosan 0,5% dan 2% memberikan peningkatan rataan jumlah total mikroba (TPC) pada saluran cerna. Kitosan juga menurunkan jumlah E coli saluran cerna serta kandugan Salmonella sp negative(<10 2 ) Kata kunci: Kitosan, mikroflora, saluran cerna, itik Tegal ABSTRACT Conducive ecological conditions of the digestive tract affect the smooth metabolism of the body. The balance of living microflora in the digestive tract of ducks greatly helps the smooth digestion of nutrients into simpler substances. Chitosan is a type of animal fiber that is potential to support the life of beneficial type bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this research is to see the development of microflora of gastrointestinal tract by giving chitosan. The study used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Each replication consists of 2 ducks as experimental units. The treatment was R0 = 0% chitosan, R1 = 0,5% chitosan, R2 = 2% chitosan and R3 = 2.5% chitosan. The measured variables were total microbial population, number of Salmonella and amount of E coli of duck digestive tract. The results showed that giving of chitosan 0,5% and 2% give increase of total amount of microbe (TPC) in gastrointestinal tract. Chitosan also decreases the amount of E coli gastrointestinal tract and Salmonella sp negative (<102) Keywords: chitosan, microflora, gastrointestinal tract, Tegal duck
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