In today's globally connected marketplace, a wedding sari in rural north
India may become a woman's blouse or cushion cover in a Western boutique. Lucy
Norris's anthropological study of the recycling ...of clothes in Delhi follows garments
as they are gifted, worn, handed on, discarded, recycled, and sold once more. Gifts
of clothing are used to make and break relationships within middle-class households,
but a growing surplus of unwanted clothing now contributes to a global glut of
textile waste. When old clothing is, for instance, bartered for new kitchen
utensils, it enters a vast waste commodity system in which it may be resold to the
poor or remade into new textiles and exported. Norris traces these local and
transnational flows through homes and markets as she tells the stories of the people
who work in the largely hidden world of fabric recycling.
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Abstract Objectives Ovarian cancer has a higher incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) than other cancers. Clear cell cancers carry the highest risk at 11–27%. The aim of this study was to ...identify the predisposing factors for VTE in a population of ovarian cancer patients and to determine the influence of VTE on overall survival. Study design VTE events were identified from hospital and general practice/community care records for all patients with ovarian cancer who were diagnosed and treated in a tertiary cancer center between 2006 and 2010. Results The overall incidence of VTE was 9.7% (33) in 344 patients. Sixteen (48%) had pulmonary embolism. Six (18%) presented with VTE. Five (15%) had VTE diagnosed during pre-treatment routine CT scanning. Eleven (33%) developed VTE following surgery and eleven (33%) developed VTE during chemotherapy. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of VTE were BMI ≥ 30 ( p < 0.01), clear cell carcinoma ( p < 0.05), advanced stage ( p < 0.01), high grade ( p < 0.01) and CA125 > 500 IU/ml ( p < 0.001). The occurrence of VTE was associated with decreased overall survival time ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The incidence of VTE is high in ovarian cancer especially in the clear cell subtype. VTE adversely affects survival in ovarian cancer. Obesity, high grade and stage of cancer, clear cell subtype and high CA 125 level should be incorporated into protocols of VTE prophylaxis in women with ovarian cancer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background
Ear cropping for cosmetic purposes was made illegal in the UK in 2006. Despite this, a lack of import regulations and celebrity and media influences mean cropped dogs are increasingly ...reported.
Methods
The demographics, temporal trends and patient‐level associated factors for dogs with cropped ears were evaluated in a large sentinel population of dogs visiting UK veterinary practices.
Results
A total of 132 dogs with cropped ears were identified, with rates peaking in 2021. In 84 cases (63.6%), there was evidence of importation, most commonly from countries where cropping is also illegal, including Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia, Spain, Poland and Ireland. American Bulldogs, Dobermanns, Italian Mastiffs (Cane Corso), Bulldogs and Mastiffs were all significantly overrepresented. Affected dogs were more likely to be unneutered (odds ratio 11.04, 95% confidence interval 5.84–20.90).
Limitations
The study likely underestimates true levels of ear cropping. Identified cases are from a sentinel network of veterinary practices, and as such may not be representative of the wider UK population.
Conclusion
These data suggest a need to educate owners and veterinary surgeons about the welfare and legal implications of ear cropping. The data presented can inform future targeted policies in veterinary practices and at a governmental level.
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First published in 1999, this is the latest edition of a textbook in the wide ranging “companion to school experience” in Routledge’s Learning to Teach Subjects in the Secondary School Series. This ...is designed for teachers in training or involved in developing their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in a UK context. The vast majority of contributions are from experts with a teaching and research background at senior university level. A number of chapters are jointly constructed with senior teachers and educational and learning experts. This diversity, together with the relevant case studies that inform each chapter, makes it an appealing and accessible text for both novice and more experienced readers.
Ovarian cancer patients are at high risk of thrombosis particularly during chemotherapy treatment however the mechanism is not understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the ...activated protein C (aPC) pathway in the procoagulant activity observed in ovarian cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Thrombin generation was determined before and after addition of thrombomodulin (TM) in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 29) compared with HGSOC patients who were chemo naïve (n = 23) and patients with benign tumours (n = 29). Plasma expression of proteins from the aPC pathway was analysed. mRNA expression was determined in endothelial (EA.hy926) and ovarian (OAW42) cell lines following addition of carboplatin and paclitaxel.
Lower levels of ETP (p < 0.007; p < 0.003) and peak thrombin (p < 0.0008; p < 0.0018) were found in the neoadjuvant group compared with both chemo naïve and benign groups. Following addition of TM, ETP (p < 0.0005) and peak thrombin (p < 0.0049) were higher in the neoadjuvant group compared with the benign controls indicating an increase in aPC resistance. Increased TM and lower levels of protein S were found in the neoadjuvant group compared with benign controls (p < 0.05; p < 0.003). Factor V levels were increased in the neoadjuvant group compared with the chemo naïve group (p < 0.05). Carboplatin and paclitaxel altered the expression of EPCR and thrombomodulin in OAW42 cells with a modest effect on EA.hy926 cells.
Chemotherapy induced procoagulant activity in HGSOC is associated with an alteration in expression of key members of the aPC pathway. This acquired aPC resistance may explain the procoagulant phenotype associated with ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
•Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alters thrombin generation in HGSOC patients.•Neoadjuvant chemotherapy promotes resistance to aPC.•Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alters plasma expression of members of the aPC pathway.•Modified expression of the aPC pathway may explain the procoagulant phenotype.
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Thrombosis is common in ovarian cancer. However, the interaction of platelets with ovarian cancer cells has not been critically examined. To address this, we investigated platelet interactions in a ...range of ovarian cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials HIO-80, 59M, SK-OV-3, A2780, A2780cis. Platelets adhered to ovarian cancer cells with the most significant adhesion to the 59M cell line. Ovarian cancer cells induced platelet activation P-selectin expression in a dose dependent manner, with the most significant activation seen in response to the 59M cell line. The platelet antagonists cangrelor, MRS2179, and apyrase inhibited 59M cell induced activation suggesting a P2Y12 and P2Y1 receptor mediated mechanism of platelet activation dependent on the release of ADP by 59M cells. A2780 and 59M cells potentiated PAR-1, PAR-4, and TxA2 receptor mediated platelet activation, but had no effect on ADP, epinephrine, or collagen induced activation. Analysis of gene expression changes in ovarian cancer cells following treatment with washed platelets or platelet releasate showed a subtle but valid upregulation of anti-apoptotic, anti-autophagy pro-angiogenic, pro-cell cycle and metabolic genes. Thus, ovarian cancer cells with different metastatic potential adhere and activate platelets differentially while both platelets and platelet releasate mediate pro-survival and pro-angiogenic signals in ovarian cancer cells.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: Only 2% of people with disabilities in developing countries have access to basic services and rehabilitation. Objectives: To bridge this gap, Motivation has been running Peer Training ...activities since 1993 and has identified that there is a growing need for Peer Training. The overall aim of Peer Training is for wheelchair users (Peer Trainers) to provide others (with similar disabilities) with the relevant knowledge on health issues, rights and skills to achieve a basic level of independence and greater quality of life. Method: To test the impact of Peer Training, Motivation created a knowledge, skills and wellbeing questionnaire, which has been trialled in two locations: Kenya and Malawi. Results: Overall, Motivation found that most participants reported an increase in knowledge, skills and well-being, supporting their experience that this training provides vital information and support mechanisms for wheelchair users in low- and middle-income countries. Further work is needed to ensure this tool measures the impact of Peer Training and lessons learnt have been identified to strengthen the methodology. Conclusion: Although Peer Training is not a replacement for rehabilitation services, Motivation believes it is an effective way to not only increase knowledge and skills of persons with disabilities but also reduce the sense of social isolation that can often be a result of disability.
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•Collecting used clothing is ethically framed in the global north.•It raises funds for charity, conserves resources and reduces environmental impact.•>60% is exported to developing global markets via ...free trade not fair-trade principles.•Successful dealers often operate in informal, illicit and illegal markets to make a living.•Ethical export policies need to understand local complexities and accept unpredictable consequences.
Those of us living in the global north are increasingly urged to divert cast-off clothing from the local waste stream and donate it for reuse and recycling. It is argued that this is the right thing to do, since it is environmentally responsible behaviour, conserves resources, and supports charities via collection systems. Second-hand clothing is thereby culturally framed as waste, as a surplus, and as a morally-charged product that has a powerful redemptive capacity for donors, multiple recyclers and secondary consumers. Two-thirds of collected used clothing is commercially exported for reuse in developing countries, and it is as a freely-traded commodity that it is claimed to grow markets and support livelihoods in the global south, rather than a fairly-traded product. As policy-makers in Northern Europe seek to improve sustainable systems of textile reuse and recycling, ethical issues associated with distant destination markets in the global South are beginning to garner attention. Imported used clothing is ubiquitous in India despite highly restrictive tariff barriers, and the Indian market provides a thought-provoking example since in this case the trade is neither fair nor free. The paper evidences the complexity of the market as vertical hierarchies of dealers negotiate and expand the multiple spaces between legal and illegal commodity flows, and formal and informal economies, to build successful businesses. It reflects upon debates in India around democracy, development and neoliberal economics, and suggests that efforts to introduce ethical interventions in end markets will have to negotiate the nexus of power, politics and corruption.
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Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a critical intermediate step in the process of cancer metastasis. The reliability of CTC isolation/purification has limited both the potential to report on ...metastatic progression and the development of CTCs as targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we report a new methodology, which optimises the culture conditions for CTCs using primary cancer cells as a model system. We exploited the known biology that CTCs thrive in hypoxic conditions, with their survival and proliferation being reliant on the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). We isolated epithelial-like and quasi-mesenchymal CTC phenotypes from the blood of a cancer patient and successfully cultured these cells for more than 8 weeks. The presence of CTC clusters was required to establish and maintain long-term cultures. This novel methodology for the long-term culture of CTCs will aid in the development of downstream applications, including CTC theranostics.
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