Organophosphorus pesticides, which are an important part of synthetic pesticides in current use contain sulfur atom in their molecules and can be activated or detoxified by environmental and/or ...biological metabolism. Among the related metabolic reactions, oxidative processes are particularly important with their final products and the study on the reactive intermediates formed in those reactions is essential to elucidate the metabolic pathways and mechanisms and to understand the toxicological properties. This review dealt with the reactive intermediates formed in various reactions from the structural and mechanistic point of view for organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds. 현재 사용되고 있는 유기합성 농약의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 유기인계 농약의 대부분은 분자에 황 원자를 포함하고 있으며 환경이나 생체 내에서 대사되어 활성화 되거나 무독화 된다. 이에 관련된 다양한 반응 중 산화반응이 주요 대사반응으로 여겨지는데 이산화대사에 의해 생성된 대사물의 특성도 중요하거니와 반응 중 생성되는 반응성 중간체에 대한 연구는 대사반응의 경로 및 기작 구명에 필수적이고 농약의 독성학적 특성을 이해하는 데에 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 본 총설은 유기인계 농약을 중심으로 관련 유기인 화합물을 대상으로 산화대사 반응 중 생성되는 반응성 중간체에 대한 연구들을 그 구조구명과 반응 기작면에서 다루었다.
We sought to determine whether skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, fiber type proportions, and fiber size, capillary density or muscle mass might explain the impaired exercise tolerance in chronic ...heart failure (CHF). Previous studies are equivocal regarding the maladaptations that occur in the skeletal muscle of patients with CHF and their role in the observed exercise intolerance.
Total body O2 uptake (VO2peak) was determined in 14 CHF patients and 8 healthy sedentary similar-age controls. Muscle samples were analyzed for mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production rate (MAPR), oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activity, fiber size and type, and capillary density. CHF patients demonstrated a lower VO2peak (15.1±1.1 versus 28.1±2.3 mL·kg−1·min−1, P<.001) and capillary to fiber ratio (1.09±0.05 versus 1.40±0.04; P<.001) when compared with controls. However, there was no difference in capillary density (capillaries per square millimeter) across any of the fiber types. Measurements of MAPR and oxidative enzyme activity suggested no difference in muscle oxidative capacity between the groups.
Neither reductions in muscle oxidative capacity nor capillary density appear to be the cause of exercise limitation in this cohort of patients. Therefore, we hypothesize that the low VO2peak observed in CHF patients may be the result of fiber atrophy and possibly impaired activation of oxidative phosphorylation.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate over time circulating gammadelta T lymphocytes in melanoma patients in terms of frequency, effector functions, and relationship with clinical stage and ...evolution, by comparing preoperative values to those obtained at a mean follow-up of 36 months or in the event of recurrence or disease progression, and to those of healthy controls. Also, we correlated the presence of tumor-infiltrating gammadelta T lymphocytes with clinical evolution of melanoma. Results Mean frequencies of circulating gammadelta T cells before and after melanoma removal were very similar and comparable to healthy subjects, but patients who progressed to stage III or IV showed a significantly decreased frequency of circulating Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. The distribution of Vgamma9Vdelta2 memory and effector subsets was similar in healthy subjects and melanoma patients at diagnosis, but circulating gammadelta T cells of patients after melanoma removal had a skewed terminally-differentiated effector memory phenotype. Highly suggestive of progressive differentiation toward a cytotoxic phenotype, Vgamma9Vdelta2T cells from patients at follow up had increased cytotoxic potential and limited cytokine production capability, while the opposite pattern was detected in Vgamma9Vdelta2T cells from patients before melanoma removal. Conclusions Follow-up data also showed that tumor infiltrating gammadelta T cells were significantly associated with lower mortality and relapse rates, suggesting that they may serve as a prognostic biomarker, for human melanoma.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A group of academics from Victoria University of Wellington has successfully implemented an innovative approach to teacher professional development in the area of second language acquisition. A model ...using video podcasts, online support and in-school facilitation was trialed with a group of teachers at a Māori language immersion school. The focus of the teacher professional development is to advance areas of Māori language and language acquisition amongst teachers, to ensure quality language is being delivered and taught to students. This paper will examine the teacher response to this approach, including the use of the technological tools; improved language acquisition skills and knowledge; any changes in teacher practice and student achievement; and the structure of the teacher professional development program.
T lymphocytes are often induced naturally in melanoma patients and infiltrate tumors. Given that gammadelta T cells mediate antigen-specific killing of tumor cells, we studied the representation and ...the in vitro cytokine production and cytotoxic activity of tumor infiltrating gammadelta T cells from 74 patients with primary melanoma. We found that gammadelta T cells represent the major lymphocyte population infiltrating melanoma, and both Vdelta1.sup.+ and Vdelta2.sup.+ cells are involved. The majority of melanoma-infiltrating gammadelta cells showed effector memory and terminally-differentiated phenotypes and, accordingly, polyclonal gammadelta T cell lines obtained from tumor-infiltrating immune cells produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and were capable of killing melanoma cell lines in vitro. The cytotoxic capability of Vdelta2 cell lines was further improved by pre-treatment of tumor target cells with zoledronate. Moreover, higher rate of gammadelta T cells isolation and percentages of Vdelta2 cells correlate with early stage of development of melanoma and absence of metastasis. Altogether, our results suggest that a natural immune response mediated by gammadelta T lymphocytes may contribute to the immunosurveillance of melanoma.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Over the last few years, enormous progress has been made in Cardiovascular imaging. Myocarditis is today an underdiagnosed cause of acute sudden death, heart failure, and chronic dilated ...cardiomyopathy. Its diagnosis is frequently missed or delayed and it can simulate an acute coronary syndrome because of its clinical presentation and elevation of cardiac enzymes. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance has become the leading modality for its noninvasive diagnosis, and it often replaces endomyocardial biopsy in clinical practise.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
You have reached the maximum number of search results that are displayed.
For better performance, the search offers a maximum of 1,000 results per query (or 50 pages if the option 10/page is selected).
Consider using result filters or changing the sort order to explore your results further.
PDF
