The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has brought about tremendous possibilities, but at the same time, it has opened up new vulnerabilities and attack vectors that could ...compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of connected systems. Developing a secure IoT ecosystem is a daunting challenge that requires a systematic and holistic approach to identify and mitigate potential security threats. Cybersecurity research considerations play a critical role in this regard, as they provide the foundation for designing and implementing security measures that can address emerging risks. To achieve a secure IoT ecosystem, scientists and engineers must first define rigorous security specifications that serve as the foundation for developing secure devices, chipsets, and networks. Developing such specifications requires an interdisciplinary approach that involves multiple stakeholders, including cybersecurity experts, network architects, system designers, and domain experts. The primary challenge in IoT security is ensuring the system can defend against both known and unknown attacks. To date, the IoT research community has identified several key security concerns related to the architecture of IoT systems. These concerns include issues related to connectivity, communication, and management protocols. This research paper provides an all-inclusive and lucid review of the current state of anomalies and security concepts related to the IoT. We classify and analyze prevalent security distresses regarding IoT's layered architecture, including connectivity, communication, and management protocols. We establish the foundation of IoT security by examining the current attacks, threats, and cutting-edge solutions. Furthermore, we set security goals that will serve as the benchmark for assessing whether a solution satisfies the specific IoT use cases.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sustainable strategies like Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have become an essential requirement for the energy sector to be practiced across their business activities. Many studies addressed ...CSR-related strategies but did not examine their critical success factors (CSFs) on regional bases. Therefore, the world's largest energy consumer, China, has been chosen to analyze the critical success factors of corporate social responsibility specific to energy sector. In this study, literature is reviewed for the collection of CSFs, validated and evaluated by experts and case industrial managers situated in China. For the analysis and visualization of influential CSFs to promote CSR, ‘Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory’ (DEMATEL) method was used in this study. The paper highlights that energy companies of China should focus on the most influential success factors for CSR implementation by categorizing CSFs into cause and effect group. The authors' best knowledge is the first study that examined the CSFs related to the energy sector on a regional basis. This study provides initial insights into the strategic process of CSR implementation. This work proposes a decision framework to assist managers of the Chinese energy sector to further extend strong roots in the CSR implementation.
•This study focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility implementation in China's energy industry.•Both MCDA and case industries are used to evaluate critical success factors.•DEMATEL is used to evaluate the critical success factors of CSR implementation.•Critical success factors of CSR implementation classified into cause and effect group.•Innovation performance is higher in those energy firms which experienced institutional transformation and market competition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The emergence of the global pandemic caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put a challenge to identify or derive the therapeutics for its prevention and ...treatment. Despite the unprecedented advances in the modern medicinal system, currently, there are no proven effective therapies. However, rapid research on SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology help unveiling some new targets for potential drug therapies. Many drugs have been screened, and even their clinical trials are going on at an exceptional pace. Amongst these RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors (favipiravir and remdesivir) and steroids especially dexamethasone showed promising effects. The biological agents like tocilizumab, interferons, and convalescent plasma prove to be beneficial in viral clearance. Moreover, many immunomodulatory and viral S protein targeting vaccines have their ongoing clinical trials. The establishment of various in vitro and in vivo models for preclinical studies can additionally help the current research. The volume and the pace of the clinical trials launched to evaluate the safety and efficacy of various agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reflect the need for high-quality evidence for various therapies to be practiced by clinicians. This study aims to sum up all the current advances in the global medicinal system against the COVID-19.
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•No proven effective therapies against COVID-19 have been developed to date.•Remdesivir and favipiravir both were found effective against COVID-19.•Biological agents like tocilizumab, convalescent plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, and interferons were also found to be effective.•115 candidate immunomodulatory and viral S protein targeting vaccines are under preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Industrial development owes its pace to the continued supply of energy; however, this development is also associated with a consequent consumption of water, climate change and environmental ...degradation. The increased concentration of carbon in the atmosphere and the dwindling clean water resources are posing another potent challenge to the sustained industrial development. The intermittent nature of the renewable energy resources particularly wind and solar energy make their storage difficult. Power‐to‐gas is perceived to solve this issue of storage of renewable energy through the production of synthetic natural gas. Production of economically viable hydrogen gas and carbon collection and utilization (CCU) are two energy‐intensive processes that are essential for the Sabatier reaction in the scheme of power‐to‐gas. This study proposes a novel model that employs low energy consuming microbial electrolysis cell along with carbon collectors for the production of synthetic natural gas through the Sabatier reaction. Renewable energy resources are proposed to power the MEC as well as the carbon collectors. The model uses the wastewater stream as input to the MEC ultimately delivering hydrogen to the Sabatier reactor. A successful model would be able to treat the wastewater, generate energy in the form of SNG, mitigate climate change and contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6, 7, 12, 13 & 14).
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Shanghai is dubbed as a role model for science and mathematics education as its fifteen-year-olds have been outperforming all in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) since 2009. ...Shanghai's achievements are attributed to its interest in adopting innovative international trends in education and equally effectively implementing these at its high and low-performing schools. One such trend in science education is based on the univariable and Control of Variable (CoV) strategies. This model is also used in constructing higher-order thinking items in science and mathematics assessments in PISA. Our first objective was to understand if students of Shanghai mastered the CoV strategies. Beyond CoV models, the emerging trend in science education promotes multivariable thinking among young adolescents. Our second objective was to understand if Shanghai has adopted this emerging trend and prepared its students on multivariable thinking. Using specially designed and previously validated assessments, we measured and compared the CoV and multivariable thinking skills of fifteen-year-olds representing one high and one low-performing school. Our results highlighted the equally exceptional performance of both schools in the CoV tasks and comparatively poor performance in the multivariable causal reasoning and prediction tasks. These findings may offer one aspect to understand Shanghai's performance in the PISA, at the same time highlight the weaknesses in its contemporary science education.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Perovskite solar cells employing CH3NH3PbI3–x Cl x active layers show power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 20% in single cells and 13% in large area modules. However, their operational ...stability has often been limited due to degradation of the CH3NH3PbI3–x Cl x active layer. Here, we report a perovskite solar module (PSM, best and av. PCE 10.5 and 8.1%), employing solution-grown TiO2 nanorods (NRs) as the electron transport layer, which showed an increase in performance (∼5%) even after shelf-life investigation for 2500 h. A crucial issue on the module fabrication was the patterning of the TiO2 NRs, which was solved by interfacial engineering during the growth process and using an optimized laser pulse for patterning. A shelf-life comparison with PSMs built on TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs, best and av. PCE 7.9 and 5.5%) of similar thickness and on a compact TiO2 layer (CL, best and av. PCE 5.8 and 4.9%) shows, in contrast to that observed for NR PSMs, that PCE in NPs and CL PSMs dropped by ∼50 and ∼90%, respectively. This is due to the fact that the CH3NH3PbI3–x Cl x active layer shows superior phase stability when incorporated in devices with TiO2 NR scaffolds.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
High efficiency is routinely reported in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx sensitized mesoscopic solar cells (PSCs) employing planar and scaffold architectures; however, a systematic comparison of their photovoltaic ...performance under similar experimental conditions and their long term stability have so far not been discussed. In this paper, we compare the performance and durability of PSCs employing these two device configurations and conclude that although a planar architecture routinely provides high initial photoconversion efficiency (PCE), particularly high open-circuit voltage (VOC), a scaffold is crucial to achieve long term durable performance of such devices. In a comparative study of scaffold (rutile nanorods, NRs) vs. planar devices, the efficiency in latter dropped off by one order of magnitude in ∼300 h despite their similar initial PCE of ∼12%. We compared the performance and the durability of two types of scaffolds, i.e., pristine and TiCl4 treated NRs, and observed that the pristine NRs showed >10% improvement in the PCE after ∼1300 h whereas the cells employing post-treated NR scaffold retained ∼60% of initial value. We address the origin of the different photovoltaic performance of planar and scaffold devices in the context of photoanode morphology and its possible effect on the cell durability.
A planar architecture routinely provides high initial photoconversion efficiency however a scaffold is crucial to achieve long term durable performance of perovskite solar cells as the morphology and crystallinity of the electron transport layer have its significant affect on their long term operational stability. Display omitted
•High efficiency perovskite solar cells with planar and scaffold architectures are developed.•The rutile nanorods devices reached a photoconversion efficiency ∼12.2%, a record for this type till date.•TiCl4 post-treatment of nanorod cells resulted in simultaneously increase of the JSC and VOC.•The long term performance of the planar and scaffold devices is compared for the first time.•Performance stability is related to crystallinity and chemical stability of the scaffold layer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Therapeutic hypothermia is considered as a standard of care in the treatment of moderate to severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in neonates Ž36 weeks of gestation and is considered safe and ...effective. The time period to initiate it is critical as it should start before the onset of secondary bram injury. This article reviews the criterion to initiate therapeutic hypothermia in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, management and neuroimaging related to it and adjuvant treatment options for HIE.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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