The field of psychology is increasingly interested in daily spatial behavior, regarded as the diversity and regularity of people visiting various places. By combining survey data on the personality ...traits of 243 college students with their mobility patterns extracted from smartphone records, the current study examined the relationships between the Big Five personality traits and daily spatial behavior. Results showed that extraversion positively related to daily spatial behavior, especially to the number of different places visited, the total distance traveled, and the entropy of movement. Agreeableness positively related to the range of movement. Conscientiousness negatively related to the number of different places visited. There was no evidence that neuroticism and openness relate to daily spatial behavior.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the emerging platform economy, blockchain technologies are reshaping the digital economy. Moreover, disintermediation and decentralization have broken new ground for platform organizations and ...management mechanisms and instigated the concept of a DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization). Recent literature on operations management has called for further research on governance issues related to DAOs. In response to this call, we explore the relationship between DAO management efforts and platform performance in this study. Specifically, we propose and theoretically articulate decentralized voting tasks in DAOs as a new form of organizing. Harnessing both online and on‐chain data from seven sources, we empirically examine how voting task division, task allocation, reward distribution, and information provision affect platform performance in the context of MakerDAO (an Ethereum‐based stablecoin issuance platform). Our findings reveal that strategic decisions arrived at through voting have a positive impact on platform operational performance under certain conditions, whereas operational decisions resulting from voting have a negative impact. Moreover, we elucidate the moderating effects of voting task execution characteristics on the relationship between completed decision tasks and operational performance. These findings have important implications from both theoretical and practical perspectives. We also share all the raw data we use to promote the development of blockchain‐related empirical research.
Highlights
We developed a flowchart to describe the process of DAO performing voting tasks.
We found that strategic decisions via DAO voting have a positive impact on platform operational performance under certain conditions, whereas operational decisions resulting via DAO voting have a negative impact.
We found that task allocation, reward distribution, and information provision moderate the relationship between DAO management efforts and platform operational performance.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Blockchain technology has brought opportunities and challenges to many fields, including operations and supply chain management. Due to the innovative characteristics of decentralization, ...transparency, immutability, and anonymity, blockchain applications break new ground for users' decision-making in an operations environment. There is a lack of evidence regarding herding in blockchain technology in general and its potential effect on blockchain application platforms in particular. In response to this new technological phenomenon, we studied whether and how herding behaviors take place in the context of blockchain applications for operations in this research. We propose two new variables related to the operation of the blockchain application (i.e., technical assurance and decentralized management efforts) and a new variable related to user identity (i.e., identifiability). We found evidence of the existence of herding by utilizing the objective data of approximately 0.1 million transactions on a leading blockchain application platform providing self-service and collateral-based lending services. Our empirical findings also reveal that technical assurance and decentralized management efforts reduce users' herding tendencies. Moreover, we found that the higher the identifiability, the lower the users' herding tendency, and the less they are affected by technical assurance and decentralized management efforts.
•Herding exists in blockchain technologies; the blockchain application's operation and user identity shape herding behaviors.•Technical assurance and decentralized management efforts reduce users' herding tendencies.•The higher the identifiability, the lower the users' herding tendency.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Health behavior change (HBC) applications hold much promise for promoting healthy lifestyles, such as enhancing physical activity (PA), diet, and sleep. Incorporating personalization strategies is ...seen as key to designing effective HBC applications. However, researchers and application designers lack knowledge about the different kinds of personalization strategies, how to implement them, and what strategies work. Thus, we reviewed prior empirical studies on personalization for HBC applications and developed a framework to synthesize the prior studies we identified and to provide an integrative view of the personalization strategies, their inputs, and outcomes. Our findings suggest that researchers have much potential to conduct design research that employs demographic and contextual characteristics for personalization and that examines personalization strategies that target HBC applications’ interface and channels. In terms of implementation and adoption, we call for researchers to examine unaddressed issues such as low adherence and contextual barriers for these applications. We also suggest that researchers need to systematically examine the effects of specific personalization strategies on their efficacy. Other than providing an integrative view of extant studies, our study contributes by outlining key directions for future research in this area.
•Laminar flow and heat transfer in minichannels with twisted tapes are studied.•Effects of twisted tape length and twist ratio on performance are investigated.•Twisted tape improves overall thermal ...performance in a minichannel heat sink.•Empirical correlations for heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are developed.
The flow and heat transfer characteristics of distilled water in a minichannel heat sink (MCHS) fitted with twisted tapes under laminar flow are investigated experimentally in present study. Nine twisted tapes with lengths of Lt=50mm, 100 mm and 150 mm, and twist ratios of Y = 3, 4, and 5 are employed as inserts. The results show that average heat transfer coefficient (have), pressure drop per unit length (ΔPpul) and thermal enhancement factor (η) increase with the decrease in twist ratio or/and the increase in twisted tape length. The heat transfer enhancement factor (have/have,0, where subscript 0 denotes plain MCHS) and the pressure drop increasing factor (ΔPpul/ΔPpul, 0) are in the ranges of 1.29–2.49 and 1.68–4.72, respectively. The average values of η for each MCHS with twisted tape are in a range of 1.09–1.46. The full-length (Lt=150mm) twisted tape with Y = 3 yields the best heat transfer rate, the highest flow resistance and the best overall thermal performance compared to other eight twisted tapes. In addition, the empirical correlations for have and ΔPpul are developed based on the experimental results. The predicted have and ΔPpul are within ±5% and ±6% deviation, respectively, compared to the experimental data.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Respiratory allergies in children, such as asthma and rhinitis, are becoming progressively common every year. Recent studies found that pediatric patients with asthma receiving regular medication and ...specific immunotherapy (SIT) had improved therapeutic outcomes in a wide age range. However, there are few studies that have examined the effectiveness of SIT treatment in children with allergic asthma at different ages in terms of the degree of asthma control, improvements in lung function, and changes in exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).
A total of 200 asthmatic pediatric patients who had been receiving regular treatment for at least a year were split into the observation and the control groups, which depended on whether sublingual immunotherapy was added based on conventional treatment medicines. The children who were divided by an age cut-off of 6 years old in these two groups were compared before and after therapy based on the exhaled levels of FeNO, pulmonary function, visual analog scale, medication scores, daytime and nighttime ratings of asthma symptom, and rhinitis symptom scores.
Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group in various indicators of the patients under 6 years old; and in the older children (6-16 years old) group, the scores of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (
< 0.05). The FEF75, FEF50, FEF25, and MMEF75/MMEF25 indexes in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment (
< 0.05), but there was no statistical significance in other indexes (
> 0.05). The scores of ACT, FEF75, FEF50, MMEF72/MMEF25, and FeNO in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group after treatment (
< 0.05), and the differences in other indexes were not statistically significant (
> 0.05). Between the young-age group and the elder group, there was no significant difference in all indexes in the observation group before and after treatment (
> 0.05).
Children with asthma of all ages can considerably benefit from sublingual immunotherapy. Specifically, younger patients showed greater tendency on the improvement of small airway resistance, whereas school-age children with asthma significantly improved their small airway resistance as well as their asthma control and inflammation alleviation.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam tosylate versus propofol in patients undergoing colonoscopy. In this multicentered, blinded, randomized, active-controlled, ...non-inferior phase III trial, 384 eligible patients who were about to undergo colonoscopy were randomized as a ratio of 1:1 into remimazolam and propofol group. Procedure success was assessed and defined as the completion of colonoscopy without administration of rescue sedative agent or more than 5 top-ups of trial drug in any 15 minute-period after initial administration of trial drug. Sedation quality was evaluated by Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score. Treatment-emergent adverse events were recorded. Procedure success rate was 96.91% (188/194) in remimazolam group and 100% (190/190) in propofol group, and the difference in rate was -3.09% with 95% confidence interval (CI) of -5.53%~-0.66%. Since the lower limit of 95% CI was greater than the non-inferiority margin of -8.00%, the efficacy of remimazolam tosylate was non-inferior to propofol. Besides, induction time of sedation was increased (
P
<0.001), while hypotension and respiratory depression was decreased in remimazolam group compared to propofol group; however, time to fully alert (
P
>0.05) or time to discharge (
P
>0.05) were unchanged. For safety assessment, total treatment-emergent adverse events were decreased in remimazolam group compared to propofol group (
P
<0.001); specifically, administration site pain (
P
<0.001), increased bilirubin (
P
=0.019), decreased respiratory rate (
P
<0.001) and decreased SpO
2
(
P
<0.001) were less frequent in remimazolam group compared with propofol group. In conclusion, remimazolam tosylate is non-inferior in sedation efficacy while safer than propofol in patients undergoing colonoscopy.
In this study, we investigated the role of circular RNA_30032 (circRNA_30032) in renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. The study was carried out using TGF-β1-induced BUMPT cells and ...unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced mice, respectively, as
and
models. CircRNA_30032 expression was significantly increased by 9.15- and 16.6-fold on days 3 and 7, respectively, in the renal tissues of UUO model mice. In TGF-β1-treated BUMPT cells, circRNA_30032 expression was induced by activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and dual luciferase reporter assays showed that circRNA_30032 mediated TGF-β1-induced and UUO-induced renal fibrosis by sponging miR-96-5p and increasing the expression of profibrotic proteins, including HBEGF, KRAS, collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin. CircRNA_30032 silencing significantly reduced renal fibrosis in UUO model mice by increasing miR-96-5p levels and decreasing levels of HBEGF and KRAS. These results demonstrate that circRNA_30032 promotes renal fibrosis via the miR-96-5p/HBEGF/KRAS axis and suggest that circRNA_30032 is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of renal fibrosis.
The prediction of mortality for septic acute kidney injury (AKI) has been assessed by a number of potential biomarkers, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the validation of lncRNAs as ...biomarkers, particularly for the early stages of septic AKI, is still warranted. Our results indicate that the lncRNA TCONS_00016233 is upregulated in plasma of sepsis-associated non-AKI and AKI patients, but a higher cutoff threshold (9.5 × 105, copy number) provided a sensitivity of 71.9% and specificity of 89.6% for the detection of AKI. The plasma TCONS_00016233 was highly correlated with serum creatinine, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and urinary TCONS_00016233. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the expression of lncRNA TCONS_00016233 via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway in human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Furthermore, TCONS_00016233 mediates the LPS-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Mechanistically, TCONS_00016233 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to prevent microRNA (miR)-22-3p-mediated downregulation of the apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrion-associated 1 (AIFM1). Finally, overexpression of TCONS_00016233 is capable of aggravating the LPS- and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic AKI by targeting the miR-22-3p/AIFM1 axis. Taken together, our data indicate that TCONS_00016233 may serve as an early diagnosis marker for the septic AKI, possibly acting as a novel therapeutic target for septic AKI.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to identify potential plasma biomarkers for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related liver diseases. High‐throughput transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on five patients ...with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), five patients with HBV‐associated liver fibrosis/liver cirrhosis (LF/LC), and four healthy participants. By short time‐series expression miner and functional analysis, aquaporin 1 (AQP1), dystroglycan 1 (DAG1), and hemoglobin subunit beta (HBB) were identified as potential biomarkers. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression levels of AQP1, DAG1, and HBB were upregulated in the three groups. Subsequent enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay tests on the training cohort (n = 150) indicated that the plasma levels of AQP1 and DAG1 were highest in LF/LC patients, followed by those in CHB patients, and the lowest in healthy controls. APAD model, a diagnostic panel incorporating age, platelet, AQP1, and DAG1 levels, exhibited the strongest stratification ability to distinguish LF/LC patients from CHB patients, and to differentiate CHB patients from healthy controls. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracies of the biomarkers and APAD model were verified in an independent cohort consisting of 230 participants. In conclusion, both AQP1 and DAG1 have good diagnostic values and APAD model greatly enhances the diagnostic accuracy for HBV‐related hepatic diseases.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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