Pollution‐induced degradation of the environment is a serious problem for both developing and developed countries. Existing remediation methods are restricted, necessitating the development of novel ...remediation technologies. Nanomaterials with unique characteristics have recently been developed for remediation. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles (1–10 nm) with optical and electrical characteristics that differ from bigger particles owing to quantum mechanics, making them intriguing for sensing and remediation applications. Carbon dots (CDs) offer better characteristics than typical QDs, such as, CdSe QDs in terms of contaminant sensing and remediation. Non‐toxicity, chemical inertness, photo‐induced electron transfer, good biocompatibility, and adjustable photoluminescence behavior are all characteristics of CDs. CDs are frequently made from sustainable raw materials as they are cost‐effective, environmentally compactable, and excellent in reducing waste generation. The goal of this review article is to briefly describe CDs fabrication methods, to deeply investigate the criteria and properties of CDs that make them suitable for sensing and remediation of contaminants, and also to highlight recent advances in their use in sensing and remediation of contaminants.
Carbon dots (CDs) are zero‐dimensional materials with adjustable photoluminescence, excellent physicochemical characteristics, great photostability, non‐toxicity, chemical inertness, and molecular size. This article briefly describes CDs fabrication methods, deeply investigate the criteria and properties of CDs that make them suitable for sensing and remediation of contaminants, and also highlight recent advances in their use in sensing and remediation of contaminants.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) results in a restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by extracellular deposition of transthyretin, normally involved in the transportation of the hormone ...thyroxine and retinol-binding protein, in the myocardium. Enthusiasm about ATTR-CM has grown as a result of 3 simultaneous areas of advancementImaging techniques allow accurate noninvasive diagnosis of ATTR-CM without the need for confirmatory endomyocardial biopsies; observational studies indicate that the diagnosis of ATTR-CM may be underrecognized in a significant proportion of patients with heart failure; and on the basis of elucidation of the mechanisms of amyloid formation, therapies are now approved for treatment of ATTR-CM. Because therapy for ATTR-CM may be most effective when administered before significant cardiac dysfunction, early identification of affected individuals with readily available noninvasive tests is essential. This scientific statement is intended to guide clinical practice and to facilitate management conformity by covering current diagnostic and treatment strategies, as well as unmet needs and areas of active investigation in ATTR-CM.
Mosquitoes are globally distributed and adapted to a broad range of environmental conditions. As obligatory hosts of many infectious pathogens, mosquito abundance and distribution are primarily ...determined by the presence and quality of larval habitats. To understand the dynamics and productivity of larval habitats in changing island environments, we conducted a four-month mosquito survey across ten inhabited islands in the Lakshadweep archipelago. Using fine-resolution larval habitat mapping, we recorded 7890 mosquitoes representing 13 species and 7 genera. Of these, four species comprised 95% of the total collections-Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia) was the dominant species followed by Armigeres subalbatus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Malaya genurostris. We found larval species richness was positively associated with the island area and mosquito larval richness (Chao1 estimator) was higher in artificial habitats than in natural habitats. Furthermore, mosquito species composition did not deteriorate with distance between islands. Mosquito abundance by species was associated with microclimatic variables-pH and temperature. We detected co-existence of multiple species at a micro-habitat level with no evidence of interactions like competition or predation. Our study analyzed and identified the most productive larval habitats -discarded plastic container and plastic drums contributing to high larval indices predicting dengue epidemic across the Lakshadweep islands. Our data highlight the need to devise vector control strategies by removal of human-induced plastic pollution (household waste) which is a critical driver of disease risk.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We search for signatures of gravitational lensing in the binary black hole events detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo during their first two observational runs. In particular, we look for three ...effects: (1) evidence of lensing magnification in the individual signals due to galaxy lenses, (2) evidence of multiple images due to strong lensing by galaxies, and (3) evidence of wave optics effects due to point-mass lens. We find no compelling evidence of any of these signatures in the observed gravitational wave signals. However, as the sensitivities of gravitational wave detectors improve in the future, detecting lensed events may become quite likely.
The science case for LIGO-India Saleem, M; Rana, Javed; Gayathri, V ...
Classical and quantum gravity,
01/2022, Volume:
39, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Abstract
The global network of gravitational-wave detectors has completed three observing runs with ∼50 detections of merging compact binaries. A third LIGO detector, with comparable astrophysical ...reach, is to be built in India (LIGO-Aundha) and expected to be operational during the latter part of this decade. Such additions to the network increase the number of baselines and the network SNR of GW events. These enhancements help improve the sky-localization of those events. Multiple detectors simultaneously in operation will also increase the baseline duty factor, thereby, leading to an improvement in the detection rates and, hence, the completeness of surveys. In this paper, we quantify the improvements due to the expansion of the LIGO global network in the precision with which source properties will be measured. We also present examples of how this expansion will give a boost to tests of fundamental physics.
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a promising method for sustainable ammonia production, holding great potential for green solar fuel synthesis. In this study, we attempted to replicate ...the reported yields of two nitrogen fixation catalysts, but the results were not reproducible upon systematic investigation. Accurately detecting and quantifying ammonia in aqueous solutions are major challenges in nitrogen fixation research. This is primarily due to the inherent complexities of the reaction solution and the limitations of available detection methods. To address these issues, we comprehensively investigated the widely used ammonia detection method involving Nessler’s reagent. Our study revealed that several factors, such as residual solvents on catalysts, nitrogen-containing surfactants, and reaction scavengers, can significantly influence the estimated ammonia production, leading to potentially misleading results. Consequently, a critical question arises regarding the reliability and validity of reported ammonia yields in the existing literature, as most studies solely rely on Nessler’s test. To ensure accurate and meaningful reporting of photocatalytic ammonia production, we propose guidelines emphasizing the essential parameters to be considered and standardized methods for quantification. Implementing these guidelines will enhance the reproducibility and credibility of future research in this field, facilitating the development of efficient and sustainable solar fuel production systems.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Metasurfaces consisting of hybrid metal/dielectric nanostructures carry advantages of both material platforms. The hybrid structures can not only confine electromagnetic fields in subwavelength ...regions, but they may also lower the absorption losses. Such optical characteristics are difficult to realize in metamaterials with only metal or dielectric structures. Hybrid designs also expand the scope of material choices and the types of optical modes that can be excited in a metasurface, thereby allowing novel light matter interactions. Here, we present a metallo-dielectric hybrid metasurface design consisting of a high-index dielectric (silicon) nanodisk array on top of a metal layer (aluminum) separated by a buffer oxide (silica) layer. The dimensions of Si nanodisks are tuned to support anapole states and the period of the nanodisk array is designed to excite surface plasmon polariton (SPP) at the metal-buffer oxide interface. The physical dimensions of the Si nanodisk and the array periods are optimized to excite the anapole and the SPP at normal incidence of light in the visible-NIR (400-900 nm) wavelength range. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations show that, when the nanodisk grating is placed at a specific height (∼200 nm) from the metal surface, the two modes strongly couple at zero detuning of the resonances. The strong coupling is evident from the avoided crossing of the modes observed in the reflectance spectra and in the spectral profile of light absorption inside the Si nanodisk. A vacuum Rabi splitting of up to ∼ 129 meV is achievable by optimizing the diameters of Si nanodisk and the nanodisk array grating period. The proposed metasurface design is promising to realize open cavity strongly coupled optical systems operating at room temperatures.
Imaging spectrometry is a powerful tool among remote sensing techniques to analyze the chemical compositions and physical properties of the lunar regolith. Recalibration of the classical method ...byLucey and co-workers with Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data provides an opportunity to understand the FeO, TiO2, and optical maturity distributions over the lunar nearside on a global scale. We estimated the chemical compositionsand optical maturity from the M3 spectral reflectance around the 1µm region. The standard chemical compositions of the lunar landing sites were estimated based on origin optimization and data fitting. We obtained an optimized origin of (0.08, 1.18) for FeO and (0.07, 0.71) for TiO2. The Spectrophotometric evaluations of Catharina and Cyrillus craters, located in the lunar nearside are categorized under the matured category. The estimation results reveal that the FeO wt % of the Catharina crater varies from 0.0002- 19.62, and that of the Cyrillus crater varies from 0.0001-12.32. TiO2wt% of Catharina crater varies from 0.01-86.12, while Cyrillus Crater varies from 0.01-4.34. The optical maturity (OMAT) of the Catharina crater varies from 0.0001- 0.19 to that of the Cyrillus Crater Varies from 0.01-0.17. The overall summary of the results points out that lunar regolith is a fabulous repository of FeO and TiO2 and quantitatively this metal abundance may be more than the anticipated values.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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