Studies in which polymeric nanoparticles are used in drug delivery have been one of the subjects of interest in recent years. In this study, histidine-containing polymeric nanoparticles ...poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-methacryloylamido histidine methyl ester) were synthesized by surfactant free emulsion polymerization method. Ciprofloxacin was loaded onto the HPCNs surface CIP-HCPNs. In the characterization of CIP-HCPNs, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-infrared analysis, surface area calculations and zeta potential analysis were used. FT-IR data of histidine-free polymeric nanoparticles HFPNs and HCPNs demonstrated the successful addition of Histidine to polymeric nanoparticles. SEM images showed that CIP-HCPNs had a size of 131.2 nm with a spherical shape. As a result of Zeta potential studies, the polydispersity index (PDI) of CIP-HCPNs was found to be 0.11, indicating that CIP-HCPNs have a narrowly spaced size distribution. CIP release from CIP-HCNPs showed slow-release properties. At pH 7.4, cumulative CIP release from CIP-HCPNs was 96% (283.35 mg/g) within 6 h, with full drug release achieved at 24 h. It was stated that the drug release kinetic data obtained from CIP release experiments fit the Hixson-Crowell model, and in this model, CIP release from CIP-HCPNs occurred as the square root of the time dependent process based on Fickian diffusion. As a result, CIP-HCNPs developed in the current study, it can be said that it is suitable for drug release.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We aim to develop new types of adsorbents for Reactive Green 19 (RG 19) removal studies by combining nanoparticles and polymeric hydrogel membranes (PHMs). Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) ...p(HEMA)-based PHMs embedded with modified nanoparticles are synthesised for the first time ever, and their performance are investigated vis-a-vis Reactive Green 19 (RG 19) removal from aqueous solution. First, p(HEMA) nanoparticles are synthesised by surfactant-free emulsion polymerisation. Next, the nanoparticles are modified with amine and copper (Cu) to increase the number of dye-binding active sites. The PHMs containing modified and unmodified nanoparticles, respectively, are synthesised by photopolymerisation. The PHMs are characterised with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, contact angle, and swelling capacity analyses. RG 19 is removed from aqueous solution under different parameters, such as pH, initial dye concentration, and contact time. The maximum RG 19 adsorption capacities over a 2-h period are 816.0, 648.0, and 194.1 mg/g (pH = 7.0; temp = 298.0 K; dye concentration = 15,000 mg/L) for the PHMs containing amine-modified, Cu-modified, and unmodified nanoparticles, respectively. We observe that the adsorption process occurs over two steps. The kinetic model is compatible with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The RG 19 adsorption capacities of the PHMs do not considerably decrease during six adsorption − desorption cycles. In turn, the PHMs embedded with amine- and Cu-modified nanoparticles, respectively, might be an economical alternative to adsorbents with high adsorption capacity in the context of RG 19 removal studies.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We aimed to develop a molecularly imprinted polymeric systems with using penicillin G as a template molecule for removal of the antibiotic residues from environmental samples. Firstly, ...Pen-G-imprinted poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-
N
-methacryloyl-
l
-alanine) p(HEMA-MAAL) nanopolymers were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method. Then, template molecule (Pen-G) was extracted from nanopolymers. Synthesized nanopolymers were characterized by different methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental and zeta-size analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and surface area calculations. Nanopolymers have 60.38 nm average size and 1034.22 m
2
/g specific surface area. System parameters on Pen-G adsorption onto Pen-G imprint nanopolymers were investigated at different conditions. The specific adsorption value (
Q
max
) of molecularly impirinted p(HEMA-MAAL) nanopolymers was found 71.91 g/g for Pen-G in 5 mg/mL Pen-G initial concentration. Pen-G adsorption of molecularly imprinted nanopolymers was 15 times more than non-imprinted polymer. It is shown that obtained p(HEMA-MAAL) nanopolymer was a reuseable product which protected its adsorption capacity of 98.9% after 5th adsorption-desorption cycle. In conclusion, we suggest a method to develop a nanostructure, selective, low-cost molecularly imprinted polymeric systems with using penicillin G as a template molecule for removal of the antibiotic residues.
Nanotechnology is still developing over the decades and it is commonly used in biomedical applications with the design of nanomaterials due to the several purposes. With the investigation of ...materials on the molecular level has increased the develop composite nanomaterials with exceptional properties using in different applications and industries. The application of these composite nanomaterials is widely used in the fields of textile, chemical, energy, defense industry, electronics, and biomedical engineering which is growing and developing on human health. Development of biosensors for the diagnosis of diseases, drug targeting and controlled release applications, medical implants and imaging techniques are the research topics of nanobiotechnology. In this review, overview of the development of nanotechnology and applications which is use of composite nanomaterials in biomedical engineering is provided.
Nanomaterials and nanocomposites are regarded as powerful tools for biomedical applications that can be modified and functionalized with several approaches. Materials should be nontoxic and biocompatible, which is described as the ability to produce the desired biological response in a natural setting. Development of biosensors for the diagnosis of diseases, drug targeting and controlled release applications, medical implants, and imaging techniques can be implemented by composite nanomaterials. The authors aimed to summarize the usability of composite nanomaterials in biomedical engineering.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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The dopamine neurotransmitter is mainly responsible for endocrine functions in our body. The increase in the level of dopamine in the human body leads to many disorders such as ...schizophrenia, uncontrollable tics, addiction, increased tension, desire to act excessively, and carelessness. Decreased levels of dopamine cause problems such as malnutrition, stress, insomnia, and the use of antidepressants. Recognition of dopamine is crucial for clinical experiments. Therefore, the development of recognition surfaces of dopamine is essential for isolation, purification, and determination processes. This study, it was aimed to produce a polymeric nanomaterial that can recognize dopamine. For this purpose, p(HEMA) polymer was synthesized with surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method and silanized by organosilicon reagent (3-aminopropyl) triethoxylsilane (APTES) and modified with phenylboronic acid (PBA). Characterization of the p(HEMA)-APTES-PBA nanopolymeric system for dopamine recognition was performed with Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta-size/zeta-potential analysis, surface area calculations. Dopamine affinity of the p(HEMA)-APTES-PBA was optimized in terms of pH, time, concentration, buffer concentration, and buffer type parameters. Dopamine adsorption of p(HEMA)-APTES-PBA nanopolymers was 4,8 times more than epinephrine in specificity analysis. After the 7 adsorption–desorption cycles, the desorption rate was found to be 74.8 %. The developed nanopolymeric system is a convenient method with high adsorption capacity which allows easy and rapid extraction, isolation, and purification of dopamine.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this paper, Cys-graft-p(HEMA) nanomaterials and a new electrochemical method were developed for determination of CA 125. Cys-graft-p(HEMA) nanomaterials were synthesized with emulsion ...polymerization method and modified with grafting procedure. It was determined that Cys-graft-p(HEMA) nanomaterials had 50 nm dimension and spherical morphology, and per gram polymeric material contained 0.011 mmol L-cysteine. Electrode surface was prepared step by step for electrochemical analysis with optimization process. Linear determination range was determined as 5–400 U/mL (R= 0.9935). Detection limit (LOD) was calculated as 1.87 U/mL, and quantification limit (LOQ) was determined as 5.62 U/mL. The fabricated sensor system showed good repeatability, accuracy, reality, and storage stability. According to the results obtained, Cys-graft p(HEMA) nanomaterials that is used for the first time in biosensor has the potential to find use in the sector with rapid determination time (10 min), extensive determination range, accuracy of methods. Novelties of this study are rapid analysis, determination range, appropriate of prototype device development, and developing new designed material. Developed material and method can be used in the preliminary diagnosis of the disease and combined with a prototype device that can allow the follow-up of the treatment process in diagnosed patients.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new category of crystalline, quasi-spherical fluorescence, "zero-dimensional" carbon nanomaterials with a spatial size between 1 nm to 10 nm and have gained widespread ...attention in recent years. Green CDs are carbon dots synthesised from renewable biomass such as agro-waste, plants or medicinal plants and other organic biomaterials. Plant-mediated synthesis of CDs is a green chemistry approach that connects nanotechnology with the green synthesis of CDs. Notably, CDs made with green technology are economical and far superior to those manufactured with physicochemical methods due to their exclusive benefits, such as being affordable, having high stability, having a simple protocol, and being safer and eco-benign. Green CDs can be synthesized by using ultrasonic strategy, chemical oxidation, carbonization, solvothermal and hydrothermal processes, and microwave irradiation using various plant-based organic resources. CDs made by green technology have diverse applications in biomedical fields such as bioimaging, biosensing and nanomedicine, which are ascribed to their unique properties, including excellent luminescence effect, strong stability and good biocompatibility. This review mainly focuses on green CDs synthesis, characterization techniques, beneficial properties of plant resource-based green CDs and their biomedical applications. This review article also looks at the research gaps and future research directions for the continuous deepening of the exploration of green CDs.
The aim of the study is to characterize synthesized spherical morphological polymeric hydrogel membranes (SMPHMs), especially their swelling properties, and to show the usability of these SMPHMs in ...the biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems. Insulin used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus disease was chosen as a model drug to demonstrate the usability of these SMPHMs as a drug delivery system. For this purpose, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) P(HEMA-GMA) SMPHMs were prepared by photopolymerization technique using different monomers mole ratios. Characterization of SMPHMs was carried out with SEM and FTIR analyses. Swelling experiments were conducted in water. Equilibrium percentage swelling values of SMPHMs were calculated and found as in the range of 40–122%, depending on hydrophilic structure of SMPHMs. Swelling kinetic parameters were determined, and the diffusion behaviour of water was also investigated. Water diffusion into the SMPHMs was found to shift from non-Fickian diffusion to Fickian diffusion when HEMA/GMA mole ratio was decreased in the structure of SMPHMs. In the final part of study, insulin release conditions from SMPHMs were optimized. For this purpose, insulin release studies were carried out to investigate the effect of monomer ratios, pH, temperature, and initial insulin concentration. The amount of maximum cumulative insulin release was found as 3747.73 µg/g in pH 7.4, at 25 °C, in the 0.5 mg/mL insulin concentration from SMPHMs-3 in seven hours. According to these obtained results, these SMPHMs can be used as alternative systems for biotechnological applications such as swelling-controlled drug delivery systems.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Botulinum neurotoxins represent a revolution in cosmetic science because of their extraordinary and long-term anti-wrinkle properties. Nevertheless, high neurotoxicity severely limits their usage. ...Therefore, design and validation of new non-toxic molecules which mimics the Botox are needed. Here, acetyl octapeptide-3 is used which mimics the effect mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin to reduces the depth of wrinkles, was chosen as an alternative molecule. Glutamic acid containing poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate–methacryloylamidoglutamic acid) p(HEMAG) nanoparticles were synthesized for controlled release of acetyl octapeptide-3 to increase the efficiency on the related area. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to state the morphological characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles, and the Fourier transform infrared was used to characterize chemical structures; additionally, the dimensional analysis was carried out by using a zeta-sizer device, and then, characterized nanoparticles were used for loading acetyl octapeptide-3. Time, pH, ionic strength, temperature and concentration experiments were performed to optimize the adsorption conditions of the acetyl octapeptide-3 to the nanoparticles. The maximum acetyl octapeptide-3 adsorption capacity onto nanoparticles was found 220.69 mg/g. The pH and temperature experiments were carried out to follow-up the release conditions of acetyl octapeptide-3-loaded nanoparticles. Lastly, cytotoxicity tests were done by using Alamar Blue method and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay. Our results imply that the developed nanocosmetic material is non-toxic, efficient and cost-effective and it is promising to use in anti-wrinkle treatment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A nanobiosensor is a tool that converts a biological stimulus into an electrical output via nanosized transducer elements. Nanobiosensors are promising instruments, especially in biomedical ...applications in the literature and industry. To develop a nanobiosensor from idea to product, a life-cycle approach that comprises various processes ranging from conception through commercialization is required. Developers and potential investors should examine market requirements, design possibilities, feasibility, financial return, and risk assessments when developing a nanobiosensor development concept. It is critical to establish a well-defined regulatory pathway for bringing innovation to market at a low cost and in a short period. R&D should conduct thorough examinations of nanomaterial toxicity and health effects, involving marketing, advertising, and financial analysis. Stakeholders should discuss technology transfer office protocols for faster, healthier operations.
