A geothermal heat pump (GHP) is a potential heat source for the economic heating of broiler houses with optimum production performance. An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of a ...heating system using a GHP on production performance and housing environment of broiler chickens. A comparative analysis was also performed between the GHP system and a conventional heating system that used diesel for fuel. In total, 34,000 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks were assigned to 2 broiler houses with 5 replicates in each (3,400 birds/replicate pen) for 35 d. Oxygen, CO2, and NH3 concentrations in the broiler house, energy consumption and cost of heating, and production performance of broilers were evaluated. Results showed that the final BW gain significantly (P < 0.05) increased when chicks were reared in the GHP broiler house compared with that of chicks reared in the conventional broiler house (1.73 vs. 1.62 kg/bird). The heating system did not affect the mortality of chicks during the first 4 wk of the experimental period, but the mortality markedly increased in the conventional broiler house during the last wk of the experiment. Oxygen content in the broiler house during the experimental period was not affected by the heating system, but the CO2 and NH3 contents significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the conventional broiler house compared with those in the GHP house. Fuel consumption was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) and electricity consumption significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the GHP house compared with the consumption in the conventional house during the experiment. The total energy cost of heating the GHP house was significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared with that of the conventional house. It is concluded that a GHP system could increase the production performance of broiler chicks due to increased inside air quality of the broiler house. The GHP system had lower CO2 and NH3 emissions with lower energy cost than the conventional heating system for broiler chickens.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The primary aim of this study was to investigate HIV infection among drug users. A total of 3538 drug users were, registered at the Outpatient Department of Central Drug Addiction Treatment Centre ...(CTC), Tejgoan, Dhaka, from July 2007 to June 2008. Of them, 43.2% were residents of Dhaka City and the others (56.8%) were from the different districts of Bangladesh. Among them, 1196 were recruited consecutively following defined selection criteria. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were completed and blood specimens taken. Results showed that only 0.67% were HIV-seropositive. Their socioeconomic profile included 75.0% educated, 62.5% unemployed, age ranged from 30 to 50 years, and all were married. They used heroin primarily with other illicit substances used occasionally. They reported that needle sharing when using injection drugs was infrequent. Drug users had sex with multiple commercial sexual partners and did not use condoms during sex. While Bangladesh is in the midst of international drug-trafficking and drug-producing zones, and lies near high HIV prevalence countries, the country is in the embryonic stage of an HIV epidemic. Nationwide preventive measures are warranted in Bangladesh.
Worldwide prevalence of diabetes is found to be the human health at an alarming rate. However, large numbers of patient remain undiagnosed. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) still is regarded as ...gold standard in diagnosis of blood glucose abnormality. Although the less number of bodies are considering measurement of HbA1C as an alternate tool to identify risk group. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of measurement of HbA1C in the diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes in middle-aged Bangladeshi subjects and carried out in the department of Biochemistry, BIRDEM from July 2013 to June 2014. A total 177 subjects of age within the range of 30-45 years were selected for the purpose and classified into healthy control (n=62) pre-diabetes (n=69) and diabetes (n=46) groups based on the values of OGTT. Middle aged Bangladeshi subjects attending Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) hospital, the HbA1C values were 5.0-5.6% in control group, 5.6-6.2% in pre-diabetes and 8.1-9.7% in diabetes group (95% CI). The optimal cut-off value of HbA1C related to pre-diabetes diagnosed by OGTT was 5.6%, which showed the sensitivity 47.8%, specificity 74.2%, positive predictive value 67.3% and negative predictive value 58.5%. Variants of hemoglobin especially Hemoglobin E (HbE) is prevalent in South East Asia including Bangladesh. The presence of genetic variants of hemoglobin can profoundly affect the accuracy of HbA1C measurements. So measurement of HbA1C may not be used as an alternate tool of OGTT to identify people of diabetes and pre-diabetes in certain situation.
OBJECTIVE: To characterise and classify clinical isolates collected from tuberculosis (TB) patients in rural Bangladesh and to investigate the mode of transmission.DESIGN: An epidemiological study ...using a combination of conventional and molecular methods was performed in a rural
population of Bangladesh. A total of 168 clinical isolates were collected from TB patients. Deletion analysis, used for rapid differentiation of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, spoligotyping and variable number tandem repeats of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive
units (VNTR-MIRU) typing were used.RESULTS: Deletion analysis identified all isolates as M. tuberculosis and further divided them into 109 strains (65%) carrying the M. tuberculosis deletion region 1 (TbD1-intact or 'ancestral' strains) and 59 strains (35%) lacking
this region (TbD1 or 'modern' strains). MIRU analyses showed that 149 strains (89%) had unique patterns, whereas 19 strains (11%) clustered into eight groups. The largest cluster comprised five TbD1 strains of the Beijing type. The rate of recent transmission was estimated to be
6.5%.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that TB in rural Bangladesh is caused primarily by reactivation of latent infections involving TbD1 intact strains, overlaid with the recent emergence of Beijing strain clusters that include multidrug-resistant isolates.
This observational study was done to make the Gynecologists familiar with the procedure of continuous repair of rectal mucosa and repair of the anal sphincter by other than figure of 8 sutures and to ...assess the effectiveness of the procedure. This study was carried out in two teaching hospitals and other two private hospitals in Dhaka city and out side. Total 20 patients were included in this study. All had fourth degree perineal tear and were repaired with the new approach. Follow up was carried out at 6th week, 12th week, and 24th weeks. Among 20 patients a large number of women were mother of one child and were of 21-25 years age group. At post operative period - wound infection was nil. Perineums were well established in all cases. On follow up at 24th week - pain in perineum and dyspareunia was nil in all cases, though this was present at early weeks in few cases. Faecal incontinence was absent in all patients by 24 weeks postoperatively. In follow up visits there was no complaint of faecal incontinence. In few cases pain was present in early post operative periods but dyspareunia was absent. So, continuous repair of anal mucosa and repair of anal sphincters other than figure of eight seems better regarding technical easiness, better compliance for the surgeon and less traumatic to the rectal mucosa and ultimately better results.
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