Snake envenomation leads to the formation of damage–associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are mediated by endogenous intracellular molecules. These are recognized by pattern-recognition ...receptors (PRRs) and can induce sterile inflammation.
In the present study, we aim at understanding the mechanisms involved in DAMPs induced sterile inflammation to unravel the novel therapeutic strategies for treating snake bites. The potential of benzodiazepinone derivatives to act against snake venom induced inflammation has been explored in the present investigation.
Three compounds VA 17, VA 43 and PA 03 were taken from our library of synthetic compounds. Oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation, superoxide and nitric oxide were measured along with the analysis of DAMPs (IL6, HMGB1, vWF, S100b and HSP70). These compounds have been docked using molecular docking against the snake venom PLA2 structure (PDB code: 1OXL).
The compounds have been found to effectively neutralize viper and cobra venoms induced lethal activity both ex vivo and in vivo. The compounds have also neutralized the viper venom induced hemorrhagic, coagulant, anticoagulant reactions as well as inflammation. The fold of protection have always been found to be higher in case of ex vivo than in in vivo. These compounds have neutralized the venom induced DAMPs as exhibited by IL6, HMGB1, vWF, S100b and HSP70. The fold of neutralization is found to be higher in VA 43.
The identified compounds could be used as potential candidates for developing treatment of snakebites in areas where antiserums are not yet available.
•Snake envenomation leads to formation of DAMPs.•DAMPs can induce sterile inflammation.•Exploration of potential of benzodiazepinone derivatives against inflammation.•The compounds are characterized to study venom induced pathophysiological changes.•The compounds neutralized the viper and cobra venoms induced lethal activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A focused library of novel bis-heterocycles encompassing 2-mercapto benzothiazole and 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized using click chemistry approach. The synthesized compounds have been tested for ...their anti-inflammatory activity by using biochemical cyclooxygenase (COX) activity assays and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema. Among the tested compounds, compound 4d demonstrated a potent selective COX-2 inhibition with COX-2/COX-1 ratio of 0.44. Results from carrageenan-induced hind paw edema showed that compounds 4a, 4d, 4e and 4f posses significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the standard drug Ibuprofen. The compounds showing significant activity were further subjected to anti-nociceptive activity by writhing test. These four compounds have shown comparable activity with the standard Ibuprofen. Further ulcerogenic studies shows that none of these compounds causing gastric ulceration.
Novel bis-heterocycles encompassing 2-mercapto benzothiazole and 1,2,3-triazoles demonstrated a potent selective COX-2 inhibition and significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the standard drug Ibuprofen without causing any ulceration. Display omitted
► New bis-heterocycles bearing 2-mercapto benzothiazole and triazoles were synthesized. ► Some of the compounds demonstrated a potent selective COX-2 inhibition. ► Molecular docking study also confirms strong binding potential towards COX-2. ► Significant anti-inflammatory activity in vivo was observed as compared to Ibuprofen. ► Compounds 4d and 4e are showing better analgesic activity compared to Ibuprofen.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from air in a car driven by a COVID patient.•Virus was cultured from samples with a particle range of 0.25–0.50 μm.•A substantial component of transmission risk appears to be ...via aerosolized virus.
To determine if viable virus could be isolated from the air within a car driven by a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2, and to assess the size range of the infectious particles.
We used a Sioutas personal cascade impactor sampler (PCIS) to screen for SARS-CoV-2 in a car driven by a COVID-19 patient. The patient, who had only mild illness without fever or cough and was not wearing a mask, drove the car for 15 min with the air conditioning turned on and windows closed. The PCIS was clipped to the sun-visor above the front passenger seat and was retrieved from the car two hours after completion of the drive.
SARS-CoV-2 was detectable at all PCIS stages by PCR and was cultured from the section of the sampler collecting particles in the 0.25–0.50 μm size range.
Our data highlight the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by minimally symptomatic persons in the closed space inside of a car and suggest that a substantial component of that risk is via aerosolized virus.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
AbstractPerformance-based seismic design aims to dictate the structural performance in a predetermined fashion given the possible seismic hazard scenarios the structure is likely to experience. ...Identifying and assessing the probable performance is an integral part of performance-based design. Before implementation, accurate and practical definitions of different performance levels and corresponding limit states must be determined. This study aims to develop performance-based damage states for shape memory alloy (SMA)–reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers considering different types of SMAs and seismic hazard scenarios. Using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), this study develops quantitative damage states corresponding to different performance levels (cracking, yielding, and strength degradation) and specific probabilistic distributions for RC bridge piers reinforced with different types of SMAs. Based on an extensive numerical study, this study also proposes residual drift–based damage states for SMA-RC piers. Finally, an analytical expression is proposed to estimate the residual drift of SMA-reinforced concrete elements as a function of the expected maximum drift and superelastic strain of SMA. Comparison with experimental results revealed that the proposed equation could very well predict the residual drift obtained from the experimental results.
A facile hydrothermal technique was applied to prepare doped Fe
2
O
3
/CeO
2
nanocubes (NCs) in alkaline medium at low temperature. The calcined NCs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared ...spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV/vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). A chemical sensor was fabricated with a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by deposition of a uniform thin layer of NCs film. The fabricated chemical sensor was used successfully to detect hydrazine selectively by a reliable electrochemical method at lower potential. The sensor's analytical performances, including good sensitivity (0.1275 μA μM
−1
cm
−2
), low detection limit (7.45 ± 0.37 pM), broad linear dynamic range (0.02 μM-0.02 M), precious reproducibility, low limit of quantification (0.22 ± 0.01 μM) and long-term stability, were investigated. An efficient hydrazine chemical sensor based on Fe
2
O
3
/CeO
2
NCs/binder/GCE was developed and performed well in terms of analytical sensing performances as well as being validated for environmental and extracted real samples.
Here, the binary-doped metal oxides of Fe
2
O
3
/CeO
2
nanocubes were prepared using reliable hydrothermal process, which is applied to fabricate an efficient and selective hydrazine chemical sensor shows good analytical sensing performances as well as validated the sensor prove with the environmental and extracted real samples.
•Gold blood micropolar nanoparticles in permeable channels are investigated.•The thermal radiations are also present in the channel while its walls are either moving or stationary.•By using ...similarity transformations along with dimensionless quantities the modeled equations of the problem are transmuted into a system of non-linear ODEs with a set of appropriate boundary conditions. The semi analytical method, HAM is then applied to determine the solution of set of resultant equations.•This study determined that temperature of micropolar nanofluid augmented along with augmentation in the volume fraction of micropolar nanoparticles.
This article characterizes flow and heat transmission of blood that carries the micropolar nanofluid of gold in a permeable channel. The thermal radiations are also present in the channel while its walls are either moving or stationary. The base-fluid is considered as blood while micro polar nanofluid is taken as gold. By using similarity transformations along with dimensionless quantities the modeled equations of the problem are transmuted into a system of non-linear ODEs with a set of appropriate boundary conditions. The semi-analytical method, HAM is then applied to determine the solution of a set of resultant equations. The results obtained by HAM have also compared with numerical solutions. The influence of non-dimensional parameters like fractional parameter suction/injection β, Reynolds Number Re, Darcys Number Da, micropolar parameter K, Prandtl number Pr and Radiation parameter Rd etc., which provides physical interpretations of temperature, microrotation n and velocity fields are discussed in detail with the help of graphical representations. Nusselt number is calculated and presented through table. This study determined that the temperature of micropolar nanofluid augmented along with augmentation in the volume fraction. Radiation Rd augmented the heat transfer rate at the upper wall and reduce it at the lower wall. The suction/injection parameter ‘β’ reduces the heat transfer rate in case of β < 0 at the upper wall, where it is augmented at lower wall.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The effect of FA (10%), SF (10%), and RGP (0–25%) on the properties of mortar is studied.•The effect of SBR (10%) is also studied on the properties of mortar.•Expansion induced due to an ...alkali-silica reaction of mortar is also studied.•Fine RGP has potential to improve the physical and mechanical properties of mortars.•25% RGP shows the best performance against the ASR expansion and strength.
Substantial amount of glass wastes are being generated all around the world. In most cases, they end up in the landfill without considering recycling option. Since it is an inert material, they occupy the landfill space for considerable amount of time unless there is a potential for recycling. Such glass wastes in the crushed form have a good potential in the infrastructure industry. In this research we investigate the possibility of utilizing recycled glass powder (RGP) in along with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) as partial replacements of cement. The physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened cement mortar with such combinations are investigated. In order to improve the physical and mechanical properties of hardened mortar, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was also added in the mortar mix. The result shows that the addition of fine RGP, FA and SF significantly improved the bond between the SBR and cement matrix which leads to an increase in the compressive and flexural strengths. Moreover, the addition of RGP, SF and FA considerably reduced the alkali silica reaction (ASR) expansions, percentage of water absorption, and the rate of water absorption than those of the control mix. This study shows that the RGP can be successfully utilized as an effective mineral admixture in cement mortar with 25% optimal replacement of cement.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The ability to define the potential value that energy storage systems (ESSs) could generate through various applications in electric power systems, and an understanding of how these values change due ...to variations in ESS performance and parameters, market structure, utility structures, and valuation methodologies is highly important in advancing ESS deployment. This paper presents a taxonomy for assigning benefits to the use cases or services provided by ESSs, defines approaches for monetizing the value associated with these services, assigns values, or more precisely ranges of values, to major ESS applications by region based on a review of an extensive set of literature, and summarizes and evaluates the capabilities of several available tools currently used to estimate value for specific ESS deployments.
This article presents a taxonomy for assigning benefits to the services provided by energy storage systems (ESSs), defines approaches for monetizing the value associated with these services, assigns values to major ESS applications by region based on a review of an extensive set of literature, and summarizes and evaluates the capabilities of several tools currently used to estimate value for specific ESS deployments.
This survey presents a review of state-of-the-art deep neural network architectures, algorithms, and systems in speech and vision applications. Recent advances in deep artificial neural network ...algorithms and architectures have spurred rapid innovation and development of intelligent speech and vision systems. With availability of vast amounts of sensor data and cloud computing for processing and training of deep neural networks, and with increased sophistication in mobile and embedded technology, the next-generation intelligent systems are poised to revolutionize personal and commercial computing. This survey begins by providing background and evolution of some of the most successful deep learning models for intelligent speech and vision systems to date. An overview of large-scale industrial research and development efforts is provided to emphasize future trends and prospects of intelligent speech and vision systems. Robust and efficient intelligent systems demand low-latency and high fidelity in resource-constrained hardware platforms such as mobile devices, robots, and automobiles. Therefore, this survey also provides a summary of key challenges and recent successes in running deep neural networks on hardware-restricted platforms, i.e. within limited memory, battery life, and processing capabilities. Finally, emerging applications of speech and vision across disciplines such as affective computing, intelligent transportation, and precision medicine are discussed. To our knowledge, this paper provides one of the most comprehensive surveys on the latest developments in intelligent speech and vision applications from the perspectives of both software and hardware systems. Many of these emerging technologies using deep neural networks show tremendous promise to revolutionize research and development for future speech and vision systems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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