Zinc Oxide/Activated Carbon Powder was used for the adsorptive removal of Acridine Orange dye (AO) from aqueous solution. The prepared composite material was characterized using XRD, XPS, SEM, EDS, ...FTIR, XRF, Raman, BET surface area and TGA/DTA. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies of AO onto the ZnO-AC were thoroughly analyzed. The kinetic modeling data revealed that the adsorption of AO has a good adjustment to the pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir isotherm model is better fitted for adsorption data and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 909.1 mg/g at 313 K. The negative values of ΔG showed the spontaneous nature of the AO adsorption onto ZnO-AC. The results indicated the adsorption was pH dependent which is mainly governed by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction. Reusability test showed a low decrease in the removal performance of ZnO-AC due to the mesopore filling mechanism confirmed by BET analysis after adsorption. Also, thermal regeneration could deposit AO dye on the surface of the composite leading to the efficiency decrease. Finally, the effect of various parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time and initial dye concentration was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The model predicted a maximum AO removal (99.42 ± 0.57%) under the optimum conditions, which was very close to the experimental value (99.32 ± 0.18%).
•ZnO/Bio-Activated carbon derived from Almond shell was successfully prepared.•CCD implemented with RSM and ANOVA was employed to evaluate the adsorption operators•Optimized values present a good fit with experimental data.•Adsorption mechanism was proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
Spin-valley locking in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides has attracted enormous interest, since it offers potential for valleytronic and optoelectronic applications. Such an exotic ...electronic state has sparsely been seen in bulk materials. Here, we report spin-valley locking in a Dirac semimetal BaMnSb
2
. This is revealed by comprehensive studies using first principles calculations, tight-binding and effective model analyses, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements. Moreover, this material also exhibits a stacked quantum Hall effect (QHE). The spin-valley degeneracy extracted from the QHE is close to 2. This result, together with the Landau level spin splitting, further confirms the spin-valley locking picture. In the extreme quantum limit, we also observed a plateau in the
z
-axis resistance, suggestive of a two-dimensional chiral surface state present in the quantum Hall state. These findings establish BaMnSb
2
as a rare platform for exploring coupled spin and valley physics in bulk single crystals and accessing 3D interacting topological states.
Atomically precise tailoring of graphene can enable unusual transport pathways and new nanometer-scale functional devices. Here we describe a recipe for the controlled production of highly regular ..."5-5-8" line defects in graphene by means of simultaneous electron irradiation and Joule heating by applied electric current. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals individual steps of the growth process. Extending earlier theoretical work suggesting valley-discriminating capabilities of a graphene 5-5-8 line defect, we perform first-principles calculations of transport and find a strong energy dependence of valley polarization of the charge carriers across the defect. These findings inspire us to propose a compact electrostatically gated "valley valve" device, a critical component for valleytronics.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Changes in the iron content within the allowable composition range in Inconel® 625 produce significant differences in the grain size and mechanical properties during laser-based directed energy ...deposition additive manufacturing. The resulting precipitate types and morphologies, which contribute to these different properties, originate from a complex interplay between iron, silicon, and titanium. While the addition of iron has traditionally been shown to promote Laves phase formation, thermodynamic calculations have shown that silicon contents in excess of 0.05 wt% are also required to promote its formation. For example, relatively low iron (1 wt%), low titanium (0.019 wt%), and high silicon (0.37 wt%) contents led to the formation of Laves phase. On the other hand, high iron (4 wt%), high titanium (0.19 wt%), and low silicon (0.035 wt%) contents produce MN nitrides and no Laves phase. By increasing the titanium concentration, the precipitation of nitrides rich in titanium and niobium is promoted in the liquid, and Laves phase formation is suppressed during solidification. After hot isostatic pressing, the precipitate distribution displayed minimal differences with that found in the as-deposited condition for both material chemistries. However, the precipitates in the as-deposited low iron material grew larger and developed a blocky morphology while the original Laves phase partially transformed to M2N nitrides rich in Nb, Cr, and Mo. In the high iron material, the MN nitrides became depleted in niobium and further enriched in titanium while maintaining a size similar to those in the as-deposited condition.
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•Feedstock composition affects precipitates in additively manufactured Inconel® 625.•Elemental segregation leads to secondary phase formation during solidification.•Complex interplay between Fe, Si and Ti contents determines precipitate morphology.•Decreasing Si and Fe and increasing Ti can reduce Laves and promote MN formation.•Laves phase transforms to M2N after hot isostatic pressing; MN largely unaffected.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Summary
Background
Limited data exist on the proportion of drug‐induced liver injury among out‐patients seen in a hepatology clinic.
Aim
To determine the proportion of drug‐induced liver injury ...cases, and identify the most important agents and the nature of the liver injury.
Methods
A computerized diagnoses database in an out‐patient hepatology clinic in a Swedish University hospital was analysed during the period 1995–2005. All suspected drug‐induced liver injury cases were causality assessed with the International Consensus Criteria.
Results
A total of 1164 cases were seen for the first time during this period. Drug‐induced liver injury with at least a possible causal relationship was found in 77 cases (6.6%), 38 (3.3%) of whom were referred for evaluation to the out‐patient clinic whereas 3% had a follow‐up after hospitalization of drug‐induced liver injury. The median age was 58 years, 43 (56%) were females, a hepatocellular pattern was observed in 37 cases (48%), cholestatic in 31 (40%) and mixed in 12%. Antibiotics were the most common agents causing drug‐induced liver injury followed by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, with diclofenac most often responsible for the drug‐induced liver injury.
Conclusions
Drug‐induced liver injury cases constituted 6% of all out‐patients and 3% of referrals and occurred more often in women. Antibiotics and diclofenac were the most common causes of drug‐induced liver injury among out‐patients.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Zirconium oxide/activated carbon (Zr3O/AC) composite was synthesized to remove methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from the aqueous medium. The Zr3O/AC sample was characterized by X-ray ...diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analyses (EDS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), BET surface area, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD profiles confirmed the successful synthesis of the zirconium oxide/activated carbon composite. SEM images showed multideveloped walls with irregular particle size with channel arrays. The nitrogen physisorption combines I and IV types with a calculated BET surface area of 1095 m2/g. Raman spectrum illustrated a disorder of both crystalline structure and the graphitic structure. The adsorption was better fitted to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. Langmuir model fitted better the experimental results of MB adsorption, whereas the CV was better consistent with the Freundlich model. The obtained results suggested that the MB and CV adsorption might be influenced by the mass transfer that involves multiple diffusion steps. The maximum adsorption capacities are 208.33 and 204.12 mg/g for MB and CV, respectively. The MB and CV removal mechanisms were proposed, and statistical optimization was performed using central composite design combined with the response surface methodology.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In Morocco, the increasing production of municipal solid waste (MSW) and its by-products, in particular leachate, is a major concern. MSW leachate is a very complex effluent, loaded with organic and ...inorganic pollutants; it poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. In Agadir city, the leachate generated is stored in seven tanks in the Tamellast landfill. The daily flow of this effluent accelerates the saturation of the storage tanks. Overflowing leachate presents a potential environmental hazard, and proper treatment of the leachate has inevitably become a requirement. Therefore, this study aims to find a simple, inexpensive and efficient leachate treatment system. Two techniques using local natural materials have been combined to achieve significant results: coagulation and infiltration-percolation. Cactus powder and cactus mucilage have been selected to treat leachate by coagulation and titaniferous sand as a filter material for the infiltration-percolation process. Laboratory scale experiments show very interesting results. Due to its effectiveness at a dose of 20 mg / l at pH 11, the effluent treated with cactus mucilage was chosen to undergo secondary treatment (86.54% for turbidity and 14.60% for electrical conductivity). The elimination of turbidity and electrical conductivity achieved after infiltration-percolation is, respectively, 97% and 39%.
Graphic abstract
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The present work deals with the degradation in water of organic dye such as Orange G by using sulphate radicals as oxidant. Thus, a new catalyst based on polypyrrole coated hematite sand particles, ...(HS@Ppy) was first prepared. Thereafter, sulphate radicals were produced by activating the persulfate (PS) agent in the presence of the HS@Ppy catalyst. The resulted HS@Ppy/PS system was finally mixed with Orange G aqueous solutions for dye degradation. The data indicate that polypyrrole shell coating amount in the HS@Ppy particles has a great influence on the Orange G degradation. The HS@Ppy/PS system exhibited the highest OG removal rate (the removal rate is 98 % after 15 minutes of reaction) as compared to the various systems: PS alone, HS@Ppy alone, or HS/PS alone.
Summary
Aim To evaluate the long‐term prognosis of patients diagnosed with drug‐induced liver injury, and the nature of the liver injury.
Methods Patients with a diagnosis of drug‐induced liver ...injury between 1994 and 2005 were identified in a university hospital clinic. Patients surviving drug‐induced liver injury‐associated liver failure were excluded.
Results Seventy‐seven cases were identified and those who were alive (69) were invited to attend follow‐up. Of those patients who had died, none had died of liver disease. Of those patients who had survived, 59 were reviewed in the clinic. Patients had a median follow‐up of 48 months. Before the diagnosis of drug‐induced liver injury, nine had a chronic liver disease, four with autoimmune hepatitis, two with non‐alcoholic liver disease, one each with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. There was no evidence of progression of their liver disease during follow‐up. Among 50 patients without a known liver disease prior to the drug‐induced liver injury, 10 had abnormal liver tests. Diagnostic work‐up revealed alternative cause of liver disease in all except three patients (6%), who had asymptomatic abnormal liver tests (but normal bilirubin in all).
Conclusions Chronic abnormalities in liver tests, not explained by an identified liver disease, are very rare in patients previously diagnosed with drug‐induced liver injury. This group of patients did not seem to have a clinically significant liver injury at long‐term follow‐up.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We use surface-modified graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) to engineer cement materials at the nanoscale to effectively tailor their macroscale crucial mechanical properties suitable for harsh conditions. ...Concerning long-term public health and global warming, nanoengineering of cement as a primary barrier for providing zonal isolation by sealing in areas requiring very low risk of serious accidents becomes imperative. Cement inherently possesses microstructural defects, such as, pores/voids and microcracks, which can jeopardize its sealing functionality under large confining in-situ stresses. Here, we develop a chemical methodology for the surface treatment of GNPs, enabling us to enhance chemical and physio-mechanical properties of the produced cement nanocomposite. This surface modification not only changes the hydrophobicity of nanoparticles to hydrophilicity and provides a uniform dispersion of nanoplatelets in aqueous media but also results in the formation of a strong bonding at the GNP/matrix interfaces. The innovative nanoengineered cement composite shows extraordinarily enhancement in the compressive strength, flexural strength, Young's modulus, and the ductility up to 317%, 209%, 255% and 131%, respectively, as compared to the neat cement without using any sort of vibrations during curing. We utilize 3D X-ray computed tomography (CT) in conjunction with the optical microscopy (OM) to visualize the quality of nanoparticles' dispersion. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to discern the formation of strong bonding at the GNP/cement matrix interfaces, pore/void refinement and crack bridging.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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