Nowadays, due to a growing number of tissue injuries, in particular, skin wounds, induction and promotion of tissue healing responses can be considered as a crucial step towards a complete ...regeneration. Recently, biomaterial design has been oriented towards promoting a powerful, effective, and successful healing. Biomaterials with wound management abilities have been developed for different applications such as providing a native microenvironment and supportive matrices that induce the growth of tissue, creating physical obstacles against microbial contamination, and to be used as delivery systems for therapeutic reagents. Until now, numerous strategies aiming to accelerate the wound healing process have been utilized and studied with their own pros and cons. In this review, tissue remodeling phenomena, wound healing mechanisms, and their related factors will be discussed. In addition, different methods for induction and acceleration of healing via cell therapy, bioactive therapeutic delivery, and/or biomaterial-based approaches will be reviewed.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The Ivughli salt dome, located in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran, is sourced in the Miocene Upper Red Formation, which includes salt and gypsum layers, red marl, and sandstone. The salt diapirs ...of West Azerbaijan are located along the North Tabriz Fault. Faults related to fractures around the Ivughli salt dome have displaced the folded layers and have caused subsidence in some parts of the salt dome. Based on the results of interferometry data, there are smaller and bigger elevation/subsidency rates with a total average of 4 mm for the whole body of the dome. The east of the dome shows high elevation and this may be due to the effect of a hidden fault that branches off the North Tabriz Fault. As well as the role of normal faults in the lower elevation of the western parts of the dome, there may have been subsidence related to surface washing and driven by erosion and agriculture in the region. Regarding the emplacement and shape of the Ivughli salt dome, it is young diapirism and currently acctive. In general, tectonic activity is still causing the rise of the Ivughli salt dome at a rate of movement that is not uniform across its structure.
The use of animal or plant exosomes in cancer treatment is promising because of their easy access and low cost. Freshwater crabs are used in traditional Iranian medicine to treat cancer. This study ...aims to determine the anti-cancer properties of exosomes removed from freshwater crabs on a breast cancer cell line (4T1) compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).
In this experimental study, crab haemolymph exosomes were isolated via the precipitation method and characterised by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Western blot analysis. The protein concentration and total antioxidant capacity of these exosomes were determined by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). The 4T1 cells and BMSCs were treated with exosomes and we assessed the cell survival by the resazurin and MTT assays. The level of nitric oxide (NO) secretion from the 4T1 cells was determined after treatment with the exosomes.
Electron microscopy, DLS and Western blot for CD63 confirmed that the isolated exosomes were <100 nm in size and expressed CD63. The total antioxidant capacity in these exosomes was 1.003 μM/ml and the protein concentration was 650 mg/ml. Resazurin and MTT assay results showed a decrease in survival of the 4T1 cells (P≤0.001) after treatment with the exosomes compared to cell growth in the exosome-treated BMSCs.
Crab haemolymph contains protein-rich exosomes with antioxidant activities that can have anti-cancer effects on 4T1 cells. These exosomes may be proposed for breast cancer therapeutics.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a capable approach for the fabrication of bone tissue scaffolds. Nevertheless, a purely made scaffold such as polylactic acid (PLA) may suffer from shortcomings and ...be restricted due to its biological behavior. Gelatin, hydroxyapatite and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been revealed to be of potential to enhance the osteogenic effect. In this study, it was tried to improve the properties of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds by infilling them with gelatin-nano-hydroxyapatite (PLA/G-nHA) and subsequent coating with PRP. For comparison, bare PLA and PLA/G-nHA scaffolds were also fabricated. The printing accuracy, the scaffold structural characterizations, mechanical properties, degradability behavior, cell adhesion, mineralization, systemic effect of the scaffolds on the liver enzymes, osteocalcin level in blood serum and in vivo bone regeneration capability in rat critical-sized calvaria defect were evaluated.
High printing accuracy (printing error of < 11%) was obtained for all measured parameters including strut thickness, pore width, scaffold density and porosity%. The highest mean ultimate compression strength (UCS) was associated with PLA/G-nHA/PRP scaffolds, which was 10.95 MPa. A slow degradation rate was observed for all scaffolds. The PLA/G-nHA/PRP had slightly higher degradation rate, possibly due to PRP release, with burst release occurred at week 4. The MTT results showed that PLA/G-nHA/PRP provided the highest cell proliferation at all time points, and the serum biochemistry (ALT and AST level) results indicated no abnormal/toxic influence caused by scaffold biomaterials. Superior cell adhesion and mineralization were obtained for PLA/G-nHA/PRP. Furthermore, all the developed scaffolds showed bone repair capability. The PLA/G-nHA/PRP scaffolds could better support bone regeneration than bare PLA and PLA/G-nHA scaffolds.
The PLA/G-nHA/PRP scaffolds can be considered as potential for hard tissue repair.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Since using tissue transplantation has faced limitations all over the world, regenerative medicine has introduced decellularized tissues as natural scaffolds and researchers are trying to improve ...their efficiency and function. In this study, to increase cell attachment and ultimately cell proliferation on decellularized bovine pericardia,
scrophularia striata
extract was used.
Scrophularia striata
is an Iranian traditional medicinal plant. For this aim after decellularization of bovine pericardium and analysis of its morphology, it was incubated in
scrophularia striata
solution. Next, isolated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the tissue. Finally, MTT assay, nitric oxide assay, and scanning electron microscopy observation were performed. MTT showed an increase in cell survival after treating the tissue with the plant extract after 48 h in a dose dependent manner significantly. The survival of cells in 0.5%, 2.5%, and 5% groups was about 5, 10 and 15 folds higher in comparison to control groups, respectively. Additionally, nitric oxide secretion in 2.5% and 5% samples was three and five folds higher than that in control group, respectively. Moreover, SEM observation indicated an impressive and dose-dependent effect of using
Scrophularia striata on tissue biocompatibility
. The results of this study showed that using
Scrophularia striata
increased cell viability and cell attachment on decellularized pericardia which could pave the way for the use of natural extracts of medicinal plants to reduce unwanted effects and make desired changes in decellularized tissues.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The development of new therapies based on tumor biology is one of the main topics in cancer treatment. In this regard, investigating the microenvironment and cellular composition of the tumor is of ...particular interest. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major group of cells in the tumor tissue and play a critical role in tumor growth and development. Investigating the mechanisms by which MSCs influence tumor growth and progression is very useful in establishing new therapeutic approaches. MSCs have some immunological capacities, including anti-inflammatory, immune-regulatory, and immune-suppressive abilities, which help the tumor growth in the inflammatory condition. They can suppress the proliferation and activation of CD4 + T cells and direct them toward the regulatory phenotype through the release of some factors such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, prostaglandin E2, and HO-1, PD-1 ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) and promote tolerance and apoptosis. Besides, these cells are able to produce adenosine. Adenosine has a key role in controlling the immune system by signaling through receptors located on the surface of immune cells. It plays a very essential role in tumor growth and progression. In the present review, we investigate and introduce adenosine-producing mesenchymal stem cells as a potential target for cancer treatment.
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EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Ancient subduction zones are characterized by metamorphic and orogenic belts. The Zagros Orogenic Belt comprises almost all sections of an ancient subduction zone along which Neo-Tethyan oceanic ...crust was subducted beneath central Iran. The Eslami Peninsula, as a part of the Zagros Orogenic Belt in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran, is situated between the Lake Urmia fore-arc basin and the Sahand Magmatic Arc. This region contains Eocene leucite dikes, trachyte, tephrite, phenolite, basanite and syenite. Volcanic features related to the Sahand are located in the eastern part of the Eslami Peninsula. In view of its relative age and composition, the Eslami Peninsula proposed as an outer arc of the Sahand Magmatic Arc that formed within the post-collisional setting of the central Iranian and Arabian plates. After subduction and contact of the two plates, a symmetric pop-up structure has been created by thrusting in the Zagros belt as a result of the collision processes. The injesction of dikes in the Eslami Peninsula is also a result of the continent continent collision.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to present a new method for removing Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent from decellularized bovine pericardium using vacuum.
The cows’ pericardia were collected and ...decellularized. The samples were incubated with SDS1% for 48 h at 40 °C. To perform vacuum washing (VW: negative pressure was used to wash and remove detergents), every decellularized tissue was cut in 75mm diameter and fixed via a stainless-steel ring with 60mm diameter in the center of filtration Buchner Funnel which was connected to glass filtration flask The system was connected to a vacuum pump by a hose, and a negative pressure of -100 mmHg was applied for 15 min. Then, the samples were shaken and washed at 40-rpm in 100 ml of distilled water for 45 min. This process was repeated for samples of each group (6 times for sample VW6h, 12 times for sample VW12h, and 24 times for sample VW24h). At the end of every cycle, the effluent was collected to take a sample for SDS measurement. The normal washing (NW) group containing distilled water (NWd) and PBS (Phosphate buffered saline) (NWp) were used to wash and remove detergents. SDS measurements, MTT Assay, histological and tensile test, to compare two methods were used.
The highest SDS in the effluent was in groups VW12h and VW24h (P ≤ 0.001) and the lowest residual SDS in scaffold was in two groups of VW12h and VW24h (P ≤ 0.001). MTT assay showed that cell survival in the VW12h and VW24h groups was higher than other groups and there' was no significant difference between cell survival in the VW12h and VW24h groups. Histological study showed destruction of tissue in the VW24h group. The results of the tensile test were shown that the native group had the highest module and the lowest amount was the VW24h sample which was reported with P ≤ 0.001 significance for all groups.
VW12h can be used as an effective method for SDS removal from decellularized pericardium which morphologically demonstrated a good structure in ECM.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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