Corresponding author's email: ranches@ohsu.edu Introduction Candida species are common colonizers of the mucocutaneous system and are frequently incidentally found in sputum and bronchoalveolar ...lavage (BAL) samples. Description An 80 year old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease presented to an outside hospital for an elective hernia repair.
The T lymphocyte glycoprotein CD2 appears to have an important role in human T cell development and activation. A novel anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody, designed UMCD2, was shown to block E rosetting, ...and therefore was defined as recognizing the Tll1 ligand-binding epitope. Binding of UMCD2 to T cells and thymocytes was blocked by several, but not all, anti-Tll1 antibodies, suggesting that the Tll1 epitope consists of more than one subepitope. In functional studies, the combination of UMCD2 plus anti-Tll3 was mitogenic for T cells; in some individuals, the level of activation was as high as that seen for the combination of anti-Tll2 plus anti-Tll3. However, when UMCD2 was added to other stimuli mitogenic for T lymphocytes, such as IL-2 or anti-CD3-Sepharose, it inhibited T cell responses. Although the combination of UMCD2 and anti-Tll3 induced an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium, the inhibitory activities of UMCD2 were not accompanied by effects on calcium fluxes. A panel of previously characterized CD2 mutants was then analyzed for binding of UMCD2 and other anti-CD2 monoclonals. Surprisingly, UMCD2 bound to all mutants tested, although the other anti-CD2 antibodies with specificity for the ligand-binding region of CD2 each failed to bind to one or more mutants. These data suggest that binding of antibody to a particular CD2 epitope can have opposite effects on the state of T cell activation, depending on the costimulus. Moreover, inhibitory effects mediated through CD2 may use a signaling mechanism distinct from that used in CD2 pathway activation. Of particular interest, the portion of the CD2 ligand-binding region recognized by UMCD2 is distinct from areas of the CD2 molecule that have previously been studied.
We investigate the causes of the seasonal cycle of the near‐surface salinity using a mixed‐layer salinity model and a combination of satellite products, atmospheric reanalyses, and in situ ...observations for the period 2000–2008, in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. We find that the balance differs from one region to another. In the western tropical Atlantic, it is controlled by horizontal advection from March to November and by freshwater flux and entrainment for the rest of the year. In the central tropical Atlantic, it is mainly due to the strong contribution of precipitation in agreement with previous results. In the northeastern tropical Atlantic, all terms contribute to the mixed layer salinity between December and March; during the rest of the year, precipitation and zonal advection mainly control the balance. In the Gulf of Guinea, it is driven by freshwater flux from October to February; from March to July, it is controlled by horizontal advection and entrainment; from August to September, mixed‐layer salinity variability is weak. Finally, in the Congo region, it is driven by freshwater flux (precipitation and runoff from Congo River) from September to December, by horizontal advection during January to March, and by vertical entrainment during the rest of the year (April to August). There are some discrepancies between observed and modeled salinity tendencies. Some of them are due to our model formulation, which does not explicitly account for the effect of vertical diffusion. Uncertainties of observation products, which force the model, are also sources of errors.
Key Points
We develop a mixed‐layer salinity model for the tropical Atlantic
We test the model's skills using different current and freshwater products
We investigate the main mechanisms of the mean and seasonal SSS balance
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To highlight the processes by which the Niger River warms the coastal waters in the eastern part of the northern Gulf of Guinea upwelling, two simulations of the NEMO model at high resolution were ...used over the period 2010 - 2017. The first simulation is realistic while the second is a simulation in which the effects of the Niger River are not taken into account. The first step was to evaluate the outputs of the models, using satellite products and
in situ
observations. The average states of the Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity, Height, zonal current and vertical profiles of temperature and salinity showed the ability of the model to reproduce correctly the physical characteristics of the study area. The analysis of the heat balance terms of the two simulations showed that vertical diffusion and meridional advection processes are the causes of the warming induced by the Niger River. The stratification and vertical shear of the horizontal currents reveal that the river acts by inhibiting the upwelling of cold water induced by vertical diffusion. The river reinforces the stratification and prevents vertical shearing of horizontal currents at the bottom of the mixed layer.
Nowadays, multimedia is vulnerable to hacking because of insecurity. The traditional security mechanism is insufficient to deal with multimedia to protect them against malicious events. So, the ...present study has introduced a novel grey wolf-based YOLO spatiotemporal framework (GW-YSTF) for predicting frames, whether it is fake or real from the trained video data. After initializing the data, the function pre-processing is activated in the hidden layer of the GW-YSTF to eliminate the noisy features in the introduced video frames. Then, a feature analysis function was performed to select the needed parts. Henceforth, the fake video frames are predicted based on the different classes in the trained deepfake video database. Moreover, the presented model is tested in the Python environment. The improvement measure was validated in comparative analysis by comparing the proposed model performance with other existing models based on accuracy, recall, F-score, and precision. The proposed model has recorded the most comprehensive fake score for the accuracy of video frame prediction of 99.8%, higher than the traditional approaches.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We report a case of Cryptococcus neoformans pneumonia in a patient taking ruxolitinib, a janus kinase 1,2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis. We hypothesize that ruxolitinib ...contributed to this infection through its effects on cell-mediated immunity. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for intracellular or opportunistic infections associated with this novel drug class.
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