The new European training model has led to innovations in Higher Education as the incorporation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to learning processes. Each student learns in a ...different way and therefore the ways of studying are very relevant in the academic development. This fact has revealed the need for the use of ICT in the university environment. It has been a quantitative research using the questionnaire REATIC using a sample (N = 2117) of students from the five areas of knowledge at the University of Salamanca, to know the use and opinion they have about ICT in their learning. The results presented students management above all basic and personal interrelation programs, search engines in the network, online video portals and virtual libraries. They value the help and importance of ICT in their learning process and consider positively them as relevant tools. The results showed significant differences in the use and consideration of ICT in the five areas of knowledge. Health Sciences students present the highest preference level in use of ICT. Four well-differentiated clusters were identified by applying the factor analysis to obtain a multivariate characterization of the students: One was formed by students with a medium-low level of ICT consideration and use, another by the graduates with a high level of ICT consideration and use, to a third consisting of students with a medium-high level of ICT consideration and use and to final covering students with low level of ICT consideration and medium-low level of ICT use.
•Students of the University of Salamanca use different ICT.•University students value positively the ICT in their learning process.•Depending on the areas of knowledge there are differences in the use of ICT.•Health Sciences students present the highest preference level in use of ICT.•There are four well-differentiated clusters according to ICT's consideration.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) can reflect both central and peripheral arterial stiffness. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components may ...increase arterial stiffness and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation of MetS and its components with arterial stiffness is still not clear. The primary aim of this study is thus the relationship using baPWV and CAVI in Caucasian adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk. The secondary aim is to analyze sex differences.
This study analyzed 2351 subjects aged 35-74 years (mean, 61.4 ± 7.7 years) comprising 61.7 % males and enrolled in the improving interMediAte Risk management (MARK) study. CAVI was measured using a VaSera VS-1500
device, and baPWV was calculated using a validated equation. MetS was defined based on the Joint Scientific Statement National Cholesterol Education Program III. Waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile were measured.
MetS was found in 51.9 % of the subjects. All MetS components except reduced HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.578) were associated with CAVI. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.075) and waist circumference (p = 0.315) were associated with baPWV. The different MetS components that assess dyslipidemia using the stiffness measures show different associations according to patient sex. The high blood pressure component had a greater odds ratio (OR) for both baPWV ≥ 17.5 m/sec (OR = 6.90, 95 % CI 3.52-13.519) and CAVI ≥ 9 (OR = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.63-1.90).
MetS and all its components (except HDL-cholesterol with baPWV and CAVI and WC with baPWV) were associated with baPWV and CAVI. However, there were sex differences in the association of MetS and its components with baPWV and CAVI. Data from this study suggest a greater association of CAVI and baPWV values with MetS components in males than in females and indicate greater arterial stiffness in the event of simultaneously elevated blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and waist circumference. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT01428934. Registered 2 September 2011. Last updated September 8, 2016.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To determine the association between home enteral nutrition (HEN) administration modality and its complications in patients.
This is a prospective multicenter longitudinal study including 15 Spanish ...hospitals, from April 2015 to March 2017. A 4-month follow-up period was conducted for each patient by home visit. The study subjects were adult patients who began their nutrient intake by tube feeding, known as HEN, during the recruitment period. The variables studied included the type and modality of HEN administration and its related complications, such as vomiting, regurgitation, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal distention. Mechanical complications and bronchoaspiration were also evaluated. Descriptive variables were used for fitting.
The study consisted of 306 patients; 4 were lost due to death. Specific HEN modalities protected against constipation (odds ratio (OR) = 0.4) and regurgitation (OR = 0.4). The use of a nasogastric tube (NGT) resulted in a lower risk of diarrhea compared to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) (OR = 0.4) but resulted in a higher risk of tube obstruction (OR = 7.4). The use of intermittent gravity versus bolus feeding was a protection factor against vomiting (OR = 0.4), regurgitation (OR = 0.3), constipation (OR = 0.3), diarrhea (OR = 0.4) and abdominal distension (OR = 0.4). The increase in the number of doses was a risk factor for the incidence of regurgitation (OR = 1.3).
Gastrointestinal complications were the most frequent problems, but an adequate choice of the formula, route, feeding modality, number of doses, administration time, and dose volume can reduce the risk of these complications.
•Irrigation reservoirs are the forgotten hydraulic infrastructures.•This research introduces and evaluates a novel low-cost engineering solution.•Maximum flood lamination from irrigation reservoirs ...at breaching event is guaranteed.•Methodology comprises several consecutive steps for flooding control at breaching event.•This approach may be taken as a soft and adaptive engineering solution.
Irrigation reservoirs (IRs) largely located off-stream are the great forgotten hydraulic infrastructures in comparison with the deeply studied dams. This research is mainly aimed at reducing the risk associated with IR-Breach floods in irrigation ponds through a novel and low-cost structural measure, named “buffer”, which is in the risk element. This guarantees a maximum flood lamination at a breaching event as well as the minimization hydrograph peak. Therefore, a reduction of the potential hazard associated to these undesired events is produced. Methodology starts with the identification of flood hazard generating causes; then, a detailed/comprehensive numerical hydraulic simulation framework is performed through synthetic models of IRs with an analysis based on breaching events and slope “buffer” thresholds. Finally, the decision-making stage is developed. This crucial one involves the simulation, adaptation, and optimization of both the IR and the “buffer” to the lowest risk location. This is inspired/supported by the implementation of an IR-breach Digital Twin approach that involves the most likely breaching events modelling with/without “buffer” solution. In this way, the optimal design of the “buffer” as structural solution completely adapted to the IR site is achieved. Thus, it is possible to design an effective and economical measure for the identified hazard. This approach has been exemplified in two large Spanish IRs (320,000 and 201,000 m3 roughly). The general efficiency of “buffer” solution is found to be at 20 % of generating flooding risk reduction, with a maximum longitudinal slope of only 0.50 % (flat terrain), and without the need to implement additional structural measures. This approach may be taken as a soft and adaptive engineering solution for the optimal and safe design of IRs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Social media, interactive games, and digital platforms are just some of the ways in which the internet has become part of our lives, and more specifically so among young people. Among other things, ...this technology is the reason young people are spending increasingly more time online than offline, prompting numerous risks that they are sometimes unaware of. The following quantitative research is based on this premise, and it pursues two objectives, namely, to discover whether or not young people experience a sense of risk linked to their use of the internet and identify the kind of young people that say they do or do not perceive any such risk. A total of 1991 young people answered the Technology Use Studies questionnaire. The classification tree technique based on the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) was applied to identify the predictive variables associated with the sense of risk in young people. Two highly significant results have been forthcoming: firstly, we present the factors with the biggest impact on a young person's internet-related sense of risk, involving isolation when they cannot go online, followed by variables such as gender, the use of TikTok, and videogames, the consumption of pornography, and distraction from study time. Secondly, our results indicate that the young people that feel isolated when they cannot go online are precisely the ones that do not experience a sense of online risk. It is therefore of vital importance for education to generate and provide young people with strategies that allow them to establish a healthy and responsible relationship with technologies such as the internet.
•Young people's identity practices have become technologically mediated actions.•The risks involved with the use of internet mainly affect young people.•The sense of risk appears to be predicted by a feeling of isolation when not online.•Not perceiving sense of risk is related with feel isolated when they are not online.•Our findings identify young people's perception of internet risk profile.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Este trabajo examina la relación entre burnout y apoyo social percibido en una muestra de 801 maestros de Educación Primaria. Para ello se usa el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y el cuestionario ...Duke-UNC-11. El método estadístico empleado fue el análisis canónico de correspondencias, donde se seleccionó la combinación lineal de los factores del apoyo social que maximiza la dispersión de valores de las tres dimensiones del MBI. Los resultados muestran que un 20,8% de los maestros sufre burnout. El apoyo social percibido, en su carácter restaurador del equilibrio psicosocial, se relaciona de distinto modo con las tres dimensiones del burnout.
Show the learning results obtained by a simulation tool used by students of an online course on anesthesia techniques and regional analgesia guided by ultrasound. A satisfaction survey generated with ...a form of Google Forms was carried out in September 2018 with 14 questions related to the quality, ease and capacity of the learning obtained after the use of the nerve blocks Simulator, which was firstly published on the first edition of the course for 34 students. An average of 7.3 attempts of resolution have been made per practice and per student in the simulator. The students are, in their immense majority, habitual users of the ICTs and 73% of them consider that their experience with the simulator has been satisfactory and that their learning has been favored by this fact. The authors have verified that the ultrasound simulator contributes to the learning of skills for the practice of nerve blocks and, furthermore, it helps to ensure that theoretical knowledge is carried out in a more productive and efficient way.
Increased arterial stiffness has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between the ambulatory arterial stiffness index ...(AASI) and subclinical organ damage (SOD). The design was a cross-sectional study. Subjects included 554 hypertensive patients with and without drug treatment (mean age 57±12 years, 60.6% men). The AASI was defined as 1 minus the regression slope of diastolic over systolic blood pressure (BP) readings obtained from 24-h recordings. Renal damage was evaluated on the basis of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and microalbuminuria; vascular damage was measured by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and ankle/brachial index (ABI); and cardiac damage was evaluated on the basis of the Cornell voltage-duration product (VDP) and left ventricular mass index. The mean AASI was 0.38±0.07 (0.39±0.07 in treated patients and 0.37±0.06 in nontreated subjects). The AASI showed a positive correlation with IMT (r=0.417, P<0.001) and Cornell VDP (r=0.188, P<0.001), and a negative correlation with GFR (r=-0.205, P=0.001) and the ABI. The variables associated with the presence of SOD were AASI (odds ratio (OR)=3.89) and smoking (OR=1.55). The variables associated with IMT were smoking and waist circumference, whereas those associated with GFR were AASI, body mass index and waist circumference. In turn, smoking, total cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were associated with the ABI. Increased AASI implies a greater presence of SOD in primary hypertensive patients with or without BP-lowering drug treatment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Panama Canal Watershed is one of the most important hydrological systems worldwide.•HJ-Biplot approach proves to be an efficient tool for water quality studies.•HJ-Biplot approach allowed a robust ...classification of sampling points.•HJ-Biplot has very few restrictions and good performance for matrices inspection.•The multivariate HJ-Biplot allows relating physicochemical and biological variables.
Water quality is a sensitive topic of worldwide concern that is defined by a series of physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The complex nature for studying water quality requires finding simple models to identify the variables that influence it the most. Therefore, the use of multivariate analysis techniques will be of immense help to find relationships and conclusions which aid us to determine the state of water quality through biological, physical and chemical indicators. In this investigation, the following variables were evaluated: Temperature, pH, transparency, turbidity, nitrates, orthophosphates, phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, solar radiation, dissolved oxygen and microcystins. These determined water quality at the sample sites, Gamboa and Paraiso. The results obtained through the application of a two-way multivariate analysis method called HJ-Biplot reflect variableś relationships of chemical, physical and biological compositions. Furthermore, results conform two clusters of sample points that satisfactorily match to the region seasons. Cluster 1 is characterized by the presence of the following variables: pH, transparency, chlorophyll a, oxygen and temperature. On the other hand, cluster 2 comprises the following variables: nitrate, orthophosphates, turbidity and P-total. They are all parameters that suffer variations in the rainy season, and that, in turn, can influence the presence of ciabobacteria with toxigenic potential. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the multivariate statistical methods are valuable for interpreting complex data sets, specifically, for water quality monitoring network.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The world currently faces significant hydrologic changes associated with global climate change, such as changes in precipitation patterns, rising surface temperature, and increases in the frequency ...and intensity of floods and droughts, which will affect the design capacity and operating characteristics of dams/reservoirs. This brings new challenges to current water management strategies. This research is aimed to create, apply, and provide a novel indicator named Circularity Index for Dams/Reservoirs (CIDR) that allows the determination of the water circularity level on the dual dam/reservoir system; that is to evaluate the water efficiency levels and the circular water flows for the processes at a site. This new method has hydrological, economic, and environmental variables as well as social ones. This indicator is defined as the sum of the scores of the eleven indicators comprising the model multiplied by the weight. The method has been implemented giving the same weight for each indicator. It has been successfully applied in the 18 dam/reservoir systems managed by the Duero River Basin, located in the region of “Castilla y León” (Spain). The CIDR provides maximum information in a single indicator value ranging from 0 to 55. A higher value of CIDR indicates a better practice of water circularity management. The results probe the increased utility of the index and suggest that six dams/reservoirs present high circularity of water flow.
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