Linn popularly known as mango is used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic composition of lyophilized extract of mango leaf ...(MIE), to evaluate the antioxidant activity on several oxidative stress systems (DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, and ABTS), the spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, and intestinal protective effect on oxidative stress induced by H
O
in rat ileum. Twenty-nine metabolites were identified and characterized based on their ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry, these include: benzophenone derivatives, xanthones, phenolic acids, fatty acids, flavonoids and procyanidins. Extract demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in in-vitro assays. MIE relaxed (
< 0.001) intestinal segments of rat pre-contracted with acetylcholine (ACh) (10
M). Pre-incubation of intestinal segments with 100 µg/mL MIE significantly reduced (
< 0.001) the contraction to H
O
. Similar effects were observed with mangiferin and quercetin (10
M;
< 0.05) but not for gallic acid. Chronic treatment of rats with MIE (50 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly reduced (
< 0.001) the H
O
-induced contractions. MIE exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, spasmolytic and antispasmodic activity, which could contribute to its use as an alternative for the management of several intestinal diseases related to oxidative stress.
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Calcium signaling in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is essential for the regulation of vascular tone. However, the changes to intracellular Ca
concentrations are ...often influenced by sex differences. Furthermore, a large body of evidence shows that sex hormone imbalance leads to dysregulation of Ca
signaling and this is a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the effects of estrogens and androgens on vascular calcium-handling proteins are discussed, with emphasis on the associated genomic or nongenomic molecular mechanisms. The experimental models from which data were collected were also considered. The review highlights
) in female ECs, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and mitochondrial Ca
uniporter (MCU) enhance Ca
-dependent nitric oxide (NO) generation. In males, only transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) plays a fundamental role in this effect.
) Female VSMCs have lower cytosolic Ca
levels than males due to differences in the activity and expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1), calcium voltage-gated channel subunit-α
(Ca
1.2), Na
-K
-2Cl
symporter (NKCC1), and the Na
/K
-ATPase.
) When compared with androgens, the influence of estrogens on Ca
homeostasis, vascular tone, and incidence of vascular disease is better documented.
) Many studies use supraphysiological concentrations of sex hormones, which may limit the physiological relevance of outcomes.
) Sex-dependent differences in Ca
signaling mean both sexes ought to be included in experimental design.
Sch. Bip is an endemic plant commonly employed in the Andes culture to counteract the effects of mountain sickness, and its bioactive molecules could provide new drugs for treating hypertension. The ...purpose was to determine whether the vascular response of the plant bioactive molecules, such as (5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurane; Sn-I), could be improved by a simple structural modification to synthesize oximes (Ox-Sn-I). We characterized both compounds using IR and NMR spectroscopy and Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC). We investigated vascular relaxation mechanisms in response to Sn-I and Ox-Sn-I using rat aorta and vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5) as experimental models. Preincubation of aortic rings with Sn-I (10
M) significantly (
< 0.001) decreased the contractile effect in response to phenylephrine (PE) and potassium chloride (KCl). The sensitivity (EC
) to PE significantly (
< 0.01) decreased in the presence of Sn-I (10
M), but not with Ox-Sn-I. Sn-I significantly (
< 0.001) reduced the PE-induced contraction under calcium-free conditions. When A7r5 cells were preincubated with Sn-I and Ox-Sn-I (10
M), both compounds blunted the increase in intracellular Ca
induced by KCl. 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurane derived from
(Sn-I) reduces the contractile response probably by blocking Ca
entry through voltage-gated Ca
channels (VGCC) in vascular smooth cells. This effect also causes relaxation in rat aorta mediated by reduction of intracellular Ca
concentration, rather than an increase of NO generation in endothelial vascular cells.
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Introduction. Although the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as adolescent mothers, very few studies have documented the prevalence of postpartum ...depression (PPD) in this population. Objective. a) Determine the frequency of PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale EPDS greater than or equal to 9) in adolescent mothers before (AM-BP) and during (AM-DP) the pandemic, b) Examine psychosocial factors (self-esteem, maternal efficacy, social support, depression and anxiety in pregnancy planned and wanted pregnancy) in AM-BP and AM-DP, and c) Determine whether being an AM-DP was a significant factor for experiencing PPD (EPDS greater than or equal to 9). Method. Cross sectional study. Subjects: Forty-one AM-BP recruited at Health Centers and interviewed face to face and forty-one AM-DP surveyed online. Results. PPD (EPDS greater than or equal to 9) was 42% (p = .001) more frequent in AM-DP. The groups differed significantly in all psychosocial factors, with AM-DP faring worse. Unadjusted regressions showed that being an AM-DP, having lower maternal efficacy and self-esteem, greater dissatisfaction with social support, and depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy increased PPD (EPDS greater than or equal to 9). Adjusted multiple analysis indicated that lower self-esteem was the only factor to maintain its association with PPD (EPDS greater than or equal to 9; p = .017). Discussion and conclusion. The pandemic negatively affected PPD (EPDS greater than or equal to 9) and psychosocial factors in AM-DP, as compared to AM-BP, with self-esteem being the main factor associated with PPD (EPDS greater than or equal to 9). In situations of extreme stress as happened in the pandemic, the mental health of adolescent mothers should be prioritized to prevent negative effects such as PPD. PPD preventive and treatment interventions should consider strengthening self-esteem. Keywords: Adolescents, postpartum depression, maternal self-efficacy, self-esteem, social support, COVID-19. Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo en la salud mental de poblaciones vulnerables, como las madres adolescentes, no obstante, escasos estudios documentaron la prevalencia de depresión posparto (DPP) en esta población. Objetivo, a) Conocer la frecuencia de DPP (Escala Edinburgh para la Depresión Postnatal EPDS mayor que o igual a 9) en madres adolescentes antes de la pandemia (MA-AP) y durante la pandemia (MA-DP), b) Examinar algunos factores psicosociales (autoestima, eficacia materna, apoyo social, depresión y ansiedad en el embarazo, embarazo planeado y deseado) en MA-AP y MA-DP, y, c) Analizar si ser MA-DP, fue un factor significativo para experimentar DPP (EPDS mayor que o igual a 9). Método. Estudio transversal. Participantes: 41 MA-AP captadas en Centros de Salud y 41 MA-DP encuestadas en línea. Resultados. La DPP (EPDS mayor que o igual a 9) fue 42% (p = .001) más frecuente en las MA-DP. Los grupos difirieron significativamente en todos los factores psicosociales, en detrimento de las MA-DP. Las regresiones no ajustadas mostraron que ser MA-DP, tener menor eficacia materna y autoestima, mayor insatisfacción con el apoyo social, y depresión y/o ansiedad en el embarazo incrementaron la DPP (EPDS mayor que o igual a 9). El análisis múltiple ajustado indicó que una menor autoestima fue el único factor que mantuvo su asociación con DPP (EPDS mayor que o igual a 9; p = .017). Discusión y conclusión. La pandemia tuvo un efecto negativo en la DPP (EPDS mayor que o igual a 9) y en factores psicosociales en MA-DP; la autoestima fue el principal factor asociado a la misma. Ante situaciones de estrés extremo, la salud mental de madres adolescentes debería ser prioritaria para prevenir efectos negativos como la DPP. Intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento de DPP deben fortalecer la autoestima. Palabras clave: Adolescentes, depresión posparto, eficacia materna, autoestima, apoyo social, COVID-19.
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Diets supplemented with halquinol and/or nanoencapsulated essential oils (N-EOs) have shown positive effects on the productive parameters of broiler chickens. However, there is limited comparative ...evidence between these two products. This study aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy of N-EOs blends with halquinol as dietary supplements for broiler chickens. A total of 500 male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to five dietary groups. The control group received a conventional diet supplemented with halquinol (60%), while the experimental groups received supplementation with N-EOs blends derived from soursop (S), lemon (L), and eucalyptus (E) in different proportions: T1 (S:33.33%, L:33.33%, E:33.33%), T2 (S:50%, L:25%, E:25%), T3 (S:25%, L:50%, E:25%), and T4 (S:25%, L:25%, E:50%). The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed that the T1 and T4 groups obtained the highest values (p < 0.05) for average daily growth rate and breast yield. The feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in groups T1 and T4 (p < 0.05). All N-EOs supplemented groups exhibited higher carcass yield (p < 0.05). At day 42, the T1 group displayed increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio in the duodenum (p < 0.01), while all experimental groups showed increased villus width in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). Texture analysis revealed that N-EOs-treated groups had texture values similar to halquinol, except for the T1 group, which significantly increased hardness (p < 0.05). Bromatological analysis showed that the T4 group significantly improved the percentage of crude protein, fat, and ash compared to the halquinol-supplemented group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T1 and T4 groups exhibited lower levels of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with N-EOs holds promise as a potential alternative to halquinol, with the added advantage of improved oxidative stability.
Although
Phoenix dactylifera
dates are traditionally consumed for their health benefits, no research has been done on the vascular response in hypertensive animals. This study evaluated the vascular ...relaxation of hydroalcoholic extracts from seeds of three varieties of
P
.
dactylifera
; Sukkari seed (SS), Ajwa seed (AS), and Mabroom seed (MS) on L-NAME-induced hypertension and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Results showed that all extracts (10 µg/mL) caused relaxations higher than 60% in the aortic rings precontracted with 10
− 6
M phenylephrine in normotensive rats, the SS extract was the most potent. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved as significantly reduced vascular relaxation in denuded-endothelium rat aorta and with an inhibitor (10
− 4
M L-N
ω
-Nitro arginine methyl ester; L-NAME) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Confocal microscopy confirmed that 10 µg/mL SS extract increases NO generation as detected by DAF-FM fluorescence in intact aortic rings. Consistent with these findings, vascular relaxation in intact aortic rings at 10 µg/mL SS extract was significantly decreased in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (endothelial dysfunction model), but not in SHR. In both hypertensive models, the denuded endothelium blunted the vascular relaxation. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of the seed of
P. dactylifera
(Sukkari, Ajwa and Mabroom varieties) presents a potent endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, via NO, in normotensive rats as well as in two different models of hypertension. This effect could be mediated by the presence of phenolic compounds identified by UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS, such as protocatechuic acid, and caftaric acid.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The financial toxicity (FT) of cancer is common among older adults in high-income countries, but little is known about the financial hardships faced by older patients with cancer living in developing ...countries. The aim of this study was to explore the financial burden of cancer among older Mexican adults and their relatives, as well as factors that might mitigate such burden.
This mixed-methods study included patients age 65 years and older with the 10 most common malignancies in Mexico and 3-24 months from diagnosis at two cancer centers in Mexico City and their relatives. For the quantitative component, patients and relatives answered the Spanish version of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Financial Well-Being Scale. Patients completed the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity-Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) scale and a 3-month, self-reported cost diary. For the qualitative component, focused interviews were used to explore the individual experiences of patients and their relatives.
Ninety-six patients and their relatives were included, of whom 45% had stage IV disease. On the COST-FACIT scale, 9% reported no FT, 52% mild FT, 39% moderate FT, and 0% severe FT. The mean Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Financial Well-Being Scale score was 45.2, with 78% reporting poor financial well-being (score ≤ 50). On cost diaries, most expenses were associated with purchasing medications, including chemotherapy. Focused interviews showed that most patients and relatives had to acquire debt to face costs of cancer care.
A high proportion of Mexican older adults with cancer reported FT and poor financial well-being. Understanding experiences associated with FT and strategies to mitigate it represents an essential first step to design public policies aimed at protecting older adults with cancer and their families from catastrophic spending.
Lepidium meyenii
Walp (red maca) is a high Andean plant cultivated since the Incas and has innumerable therapeutic properties. The study aims to identify its phytochemical composition using ...UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS, and evaluate its effects on acrylamide-induced oxidative stress. The lyophilized aqueous extract of red maca (LAqE-RM) was orally administered in doses of 1 and 2 g/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver, as well as hepatic levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. Administration of acrylamide for 2 and 4 weeks significantly increased (
p
< 0.001) MDA levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver. However, LAqE-RM prevented (
p
< 0.001) an increase in MDA levels in all tissues studied. Likewise, the groups treated with LAqE-RM presented significantly (
p
< 0.001) lower levels of ALT and AST compared to the control. Treatment with LAqE-RM ameliorated the acrylamide-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels in erythrocytes, brain, and liver and by lowering liver levels of ALT and AST in a dose-dependent manner. Twenty-five secondary metabolites were identified and characterized from LAqE-RM based on UHPLC mass spectrophotometry. These include carbolines, alkamides, fatty acids, and macamides, which are probably involved in their antioxidant protective role.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Infusions of Valeriana pilosa are commonly used in Peruvian folk medicine for treating gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the spasmolytic and antispasmodic effects of ...Valeriana pilosa essential oil (VPEO) on rat ileum. The basal tone of ileal sections decreased in response to accumulative concentrations of VPEO. Moreover, ileal sections precontracted with acetylcholine (ACh), potassium chloride (KCl), or barium chloride (BaCl2) were relaxed in response to VPEO by a mechanism that depended on atropine, hyoscine butylbromide, solifenacin, and verapamil, but not glibenclamide. The results showed that VPEO produced a relaxant effect by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and blocking calcium channels, with no apparent effect on the opening of potassium channels. In addition, molecular docking was employed to evaluate VPEO constituents that could inhibit intestinal contractile activity. The study showed that α-cubebene, β-patchoulene, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, α-guaiene, γ-muurolene, valencene, eremophyllene, and δ-cadinene displayed the highest docking scores on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels, which may antagonize M2 and/or M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and block voltage-gated calcium channels. In summary, VPEO has both spasmolytic and antispasmodic effects. It may block muscarinic receptors and calcium channels, thus providing a scientific basis for its traditional use for gastrointestinal disorders.
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Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are cultivated worldwide and are among the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate the ...components of Peruvian blueberry using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–QTOF–MS/MS), identifying 11 compounds. Furthermore, we assessed in vitro the antioxidant activity and in vivo the antidepressant effect using a rat model and protective effect on lipid peroxidation (in the serum, brain, liver, and stomach). We also conducted molecular docking simulations with proteins involved in oxidative stress and depression for the identified compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazin (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS•+), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Peruvian blueberries demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than Vaccinium corymbosum fruits from Chile, Brazil, the United States, Turkey, Portugal, and China. The results showed that oral administration of Peruvian blueberries (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly (p < 0.001) increased swimming and reduced immobility in the forced swimming test (FST). Additionally, at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, oxidative stress was reduced in vivo (p < 0.001) by decreasing lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, stomach, and serum. Molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) predictions were performed. In the molecular docking studies, quercitrin and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid showed the best docking scores for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and xanthine oxidase; while 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester and caffeoyl coumaroylquinic acid had the best docking scores for monoamine oxidase and serotonin receptor 5-HT2. In summary, our results suggest that the antidepressant and protective effects against lipid peroxidation might be related to the antioxidant activity of Peruvian Vaccinium corymbosum L.
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