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•Granulation followed by ferric loading had the best phosphate adsorption capacity.•The phosphate adsorption capacity was increased from 0 to 0.963mg/g.•Both granulation and ferric ...oxides loading obviously increased the surface areas.•Pseudo-first order model is allowable to estimate the adsorption kinetics.
Granulation of biochar powder followed by immobilization of ferric oxides on the macroporous granular biochar (Bg-FO-1) substantially enhanced phosphate removal from water. BET analysis confirmed that both granulation and ferric oxides loading can increase the surface areas and pore volumes effectively. Bg-FO-1 was proven to be a favorable adsorbent for phosphate. The phosphate adsorption capacity was substantially increased from 0mg/g of raw biochar powder to 0.963mg/g (Bg-FO-1). When the ferric oxides loading was prior to granulation, the adsorption capacity was decreased by 59–0.399mg/g, possibly due to the decrease of micropore and mesopore area as well as the overlaying of binders to the activated sites produced by ferric oxides.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Incorporation of aminated starch (AS)-polyphenol conjugates to improve corn starch (CS) film properties were explored. AS-polyphenols (gallic acid (GA), syringic acid (SA) and vanillic acid (VA)) ...conjugates were synthesized by laccase and the grafting rates of GA, SA and VA were 36.59, 69.71 and 68.85%, respectively. Incorporation of the three conjugates (AS-GA, AS-SA and AS-VA) into the corn starch film improved a variety of properties of the CS film. The CS film without the conjugates was smooth and flat, while surface of the CS film with the conjugates became relatively rough and wrinkled and there were some small particles on the surface. Incorporation of the conjugates improved the thermal stability of the CS film during the polymer depolymerization phase. The thickness of the CS film with AS-VA conjugates was significantly larger than that of the CS film and the incorporation of the conjugates improved the hydrophobicity of the CS film. The tensile strength (TS) of both the CS films with AS-GA conjugates and AS-VA conjugates was significantly enhanced, while the TS of the CS film with AS-SA conjugates was significantly reduced. The incorporation of AS-polyphenol conjugates could improve the antioxidant ability and antibacterial ability of the CS film, especially the CS films containing AS-GA conjugates.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Tyrosyl‐DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) is a recently discovered DNA repair enzyme that can repair topoisomerase 2‐mediated DNA damage, resulting in cancer cell resistance. In this study, two ...compounds, robustadial A and B, were isolated from a fraction of the ethyl acetate extract of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. fruits based on TDP2 inhibition screening. The biological experiments indicated that robustadial A and B have TDP2 inhibitory activity with EC50 values of 17 and 42 μM, respectively, but no tyrosyl‐DNA phosphodiesterase 1 inhibition at 100 μM. Robustadial A showed significant synergistic effects with the anticancer drug etoposide in four human cancer cell lines, non‐small cell lung cancer cell line (A549), prostate cancer cell line (DU145), breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7), colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HCT‐116), and chicken lymphoma cell line (DT40), and chicken lymphoma cell line complementation with human TDP2 (DT40 hTDP2) with combination index values ranging from 0.21 to 0.74. This work will facilitate future efforts for the development of robustadial A‐based TDP2 selective inhibitors.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Reported herein is the rhodium‐catalyzed enantioselective CH bond silylation of the cyclopentadiene rings in Fe and Ru metallocenes. Thus, in the presence of (S)‐TMS‐Segphos, the reactions took ...place under very mild conditions to afford metallocene‐fused siloles in good to excellent yields and with ee values of up to 97 %. During this study it was observed that the steric hindrance of chiral ligands had a profound influence on the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the reaction, and might hold the key to accomplishing conventionally challenging asymmetric CH silylations.
New on the (metallo)cene: The title reaction of cyclopentadiene (Cp) rings in Fe and Ru metallocenes is reported. Fine‐tuning the steric hindrance of diphosphine ligands led to the identification of (S)‐TMS‐Segphos (S)‐L, which enabled efficient, enantioselective CH silylation of the Cp rings in metallocenes under mild reaction conditions. cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene, TMS=trimethylsilyl.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
WO
3
is one of the most studied electrochromic materials due to its high coloration efficiency, strong cycling stability, and low price. Those advantages make WO
3
ECD attractive to applications ...needing optical modulation, including smart windows and smart glasses. However, due to market demands for reduced manufacturing and operating costs, demands for improved coloration efficiency and long-term stability have been continuously raised. In this study, we attempted to improve the contact between WO
3
nanoparticles and Li ions and electrons by forming a nanocomposite electrochromic layer of WO
3
nanoparticles and silver nanowires. It was confirmed that this not only improves optical modulation and coloration efficiency but also improves stability. WO
3
electrochromic devices with improved coloration efficiency and stability are expected to improve the performance of existing smart windows and smart glasses and be applicable to new applications such as virtual reality glasses.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Two new indole diketopiperazine alkaloids (IDAs), (+)19‐epi‐sclerotiamide (1) and (−)19‐epi‐sclerotiamide (2), along with 13 known analogs (3–15), were isolated from a soft coral‐associated epiphytic ...fungus Aspergillus versicolor CGF 9‐1‐2. The structures of two new compounds were established based on the combination of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation measurements and quantum chemical 13C‐NMR, the absolute configurations were determined by experimental and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The results of molecular docking showed that all the compounds had a good binding with TDP1, TDP2, TOP1, TOP2, Ache, NLRP3, EGFR, EGFR L858R, EGFR T790M and EGFR T790/L858. Biological evaluation of compounds 3, 6, 8, 11 showed that 3 exerted a strong inhibitory effect on TDP2 with a rate of 81.72 %.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Developed stochastic formulations and solution algorithms for rapid transit network design.•The approach determines the optimal level of service reliability through system cost justifications.•It ...considers system optimal and user equilibrium flows under demand uncertainty.•Formulated a network representation to modeling transit line connectivity and transfers.•Numerical results provided to demonstrate computational efficiency and solution quality.
This paper develops a reliability-based formulation for rapid transit network design under demand uncertainty. We use the notion of service reliability to confine the stochastic demand into a bounded uncertainty set that the rapid transit network is designed to cover. To evaluate the outcome of the service reliability chosen, flexible services are introduced to carry the demand overflow that exceeds the capacity of the rapid transit network such designed. A two-phase stochastic program is formulated, in which the transit line alignments and frequencies are determined in phase 1 for a specified level of service reliability; whereas in phase 2, flexible services are determined depending on the demand realization to capture the cost of demand overflow. Then the service reliability is optimized to minimize the combined rapid transit network cost obtained in phase 1, and the flexible services cost and passenger cost obtained in phase 2. The transit line alignments and passenger flows are studied under the principles of system optimal (SO) and user equilibrium (UE). We then develop a two-phase solution algorithm that combines the gradient method and neighborhood search and apply it to a series of networks. The results demonstrate the advantages of utilizing the two-phase formulation to determine the service reliability as compared with the traditional robust formulation that pre-specifies a robustness level.
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GEOZS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We report a method to construct chiral tetraorganosilicons by tandem silacyclobutane (SCB) desymmetrization–dehydrogenative silylations. A wide array of dibenzosiloles with stereogenic quaternary ...silicon centers were obtained in good yields and enantioselectivities up to 93 % ee. Chiral TMS‐segphos was found to be a superior ligand in terms of reactivity and enantioselectivity.
Chiral silicon: A Rh‐catalyzed reaction between silacyclobutane and (hetero)arenes in the presence of (R)‐ or (S)‐TMS‐segphos provides access to a wide array of chiral dibenzosiloles in good yields and enantioselectivities (up to 93 % ee). The reaction proceeds through a rarely documented desymmetrization of silacyclobutane, followed by intra‐ and intermolecular dehydrogenative silylation processes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Highly oriented cubic (100) HfN films were grown on Si (100) substrates by direct current magnetron reactive sputtering of a metallic Hf target in an Ar/N2 gas environment. The influence of N2 flow ...ratio on the (100) preferred orientation and crystallinity of the HfN films is investigated. X-ray diffraction shows that not only HfN but also orthorhombic HfSi2 forms in the sputtered films. Increasing the N2 flow ratio is unfavorable for the formation of HfSi2 while the deposition rate of HfN is decreased. X-ray diffraction and cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveal that epitaxial orthorhombic HfSi2 can form on the Si substrate, and (100) HfN is in epitaxy with the epitaxial HfSi2. As a result, a (100) oriented HfN film can grow on Si. The epitaxial relationships are shown to be HfN (100)011¯ // HfSi2 (020)001 // Si (100)011¯ and HfN (100)011¯ // HfSi2 (020)100 // Si (100)011¯. Atomically resolved STEM images also show the bonding characteristics across the HfN/HfSi2 and HfSi2/Si interfaces.
•HfN film was growth on Si by reactive magnetron sputtering at high temperature.•The effect of N2 flow ratio on texture and crystallinity of HfN was investigated.•An epitaxial HfN/HfSi2 structure may form on Si substrate at high temperature.•The epitaxial HfSi2 interlayer may assist the formation of oriented HfN.•We report first direct observations of epitaxial HfN/HfSi2/Si structures by STEM.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Summary
This study aims to investigate influences of different acylations (acetyl, propionyl and butyryl) with different degrees of substitution (DS) on physicochemical properties and digestion ...characteristics of Arenga pinnata starches (APS). The presence of acyl protons was confirmed by 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy of acylated APS. The viscosities, swelling power, thermal properties and crystallinity of acylated APS were lower than APS, but these characteristics tended to increase with the increase of DS. Acylation could effectively regulate the digestibility of starch granules. The content of resistant starch in acylated APS increased from 66.58% to 80.92%. With the DS increasing, acylation strengthened the rearrangement and aggregation behaviour of APS molecular chains, making the crystal structure and double helix structure of amylopectin crystal region more orderly, which might lead to changes in the pasting properties and digestibility. It was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of low‐substituted acylated APS.
Three acylated (acetyl, propionyl and butyryl) APS with low DS were prepared and characterized. Acylation enhanced molecular ordered structure of the modified APS with low DS. The viscosity, SP of acylated APS in low DS were decreased with increasing DS and Acylation effectively regulated digestibility of APS, especially the anti‐digestibility.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
