Since the Blue Revolution began in the late 1960s, global aquaculture production has grown rapidly. Aquaculture now accounts for over half of the world's fish for direct human consumption and is ...expected to approach two-thirds by 2030. With aquaculture's growth, a number of high-profile concerns have arisen, including pollution, feeding practices, disease management and antibiotic use, habitat use, non-native species, food safety, fraud, animal welfare, impacts on traditional wild fisheries, access to water and space, market competition, and genetics. Managing these concerns requires thoughtful and well-designed policies and regulations. This manuscript reviews the contributions natural resource economics has made to evaluating aquaculture policy and regulation. Despite their valuable contributions, however, economists have been largely underrepresented in the debate. The primary influencers of aquaculture policies and regulations have been traditional fisheries managers, environmental groups, and natural scientists. We identify many important areas that should be more thoroughly addressed by economists.
We characterize the ecological, economic, and community performance of 21 major tuna fisheries, accounting for at least 77% of global tuna production, using the Fishery Performance Indicators. Our ...analysis reveals that the biggest variations in performance among tuna fisheries are driven by the final markets that they target: international sashimi market tuna fisheries considerably outperform a comparison set of 62 non-tuna fisheries in the Fishery Performance Indicator database, international canned tuna market fisheries perform similarly to the comparison set, and tuna fisheries supplying local markets in coastal states considerably underperform the comparison set. Differences among regional fishery management organizations primarily reflect regional species composition and market access, despite stark variation in governance, management, and other enabling conditions. With a legacy of open access, tuna's harvest sector performance is similar across all fisheries, reflecting only a normal return on the capital and skill invested: industrial vessels slightly outperform semi-industrial and artisanal vessels. Differences emerge in the post-harvest sector however, as value chains able to preserve quality and transport fish to high value markets outperform others.
Seafood sector can contribute to the global food supply in an important way, and provide an important source of animal protein. Based on observed regional trends in seafood production and consumption ...and using a global, partial-equilibrium, multi-market model, this study investigates what the global seafood market may look like in 2030. The model projects that the total fish supply will increase from 154 million tons in 2011 to 186 million tons in 2030, with aquaculture entirely responsible for the increase. The fastest aquaculture growth is expected for tilapia and shrimp, while the largest expansion is expected in India, Latin America and Caribbean and Southeast Asia. Fast-growing seafood demand in China and elsewhere represents a critical opportunity for global fisheries and aquaculture to improve their management and achieve sustainable seafood economy.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
•Consumers strongly prefer fish entrées associated with transparent information.•Sustainability rating and species are the top two important attributes for fish entrées.•Country of origin is the ...least important attribute for fish entrées.•Sustainability certification increases the probability of fish entrées being selected.•Lower valued fish entrees benefit more from sustainability labeling.
This research aims to fill the information gap between the increase in food consumption away from home and the lack of understanding of Americans’ preferences for information transparency of food served in casual and fine dining restaurants. Online discrete choice experiments are applied to elicit consumer preferences for transparency of seafood entrée attributes. Consumers strongly prefer entrées with transparent information on species specification, country of origin, production methods, sustainability certification, and sustainability rating. At fine dining restaurants, the most important attributes are sustainability rating, species specification, and price, whereas sustainability rating, species specification, and sustainability certification are the top three attributes at casual restaurants. Furthermore, sustainable certification significantly increases the probability of an entrée being selected, and low-value species benefit more from the sustainability certification than do high-value species. These results provide useful insights for restaurateurs, suppliers, and policymakers to implement appropriate menu policies to improve information transparency and minimize food fraud in the seafood supply chain.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The extensive development of surface and subsurface drainage systems to facilitate agricultural production throughout North America has significantly altered the hydrology of landscapes compared to ...historical conditions. Drainage has transformed nutrient and hydrologic dynamics, structure, function, quantity, and configuration of stream and wetland ecosystems. In many agricultural regions, more than 80% of some catchment basins may be drained by surface ditches and subsurface drain pipes (tiles). Natural channels have been straightened and deepened for surface drainage ditches with significant effects on channel morphology, instream habitats for aquatic organisms, floodplain and riparian connectivity, sediment dynamics, and nutrient cycling. The connection of formerly isolated wetland basins to extensive networks of surface drainage and the construction of main channel ditches through millions of acres of formerly low-lying marsh or wet prairie, where no defined channel may have previously existed, have resulted in large-scale conversion of aquatic habitat types, from wetland mosaics to linear systems. Reduced surface storage, increased conveyance, and increased effective drainage area have altered the dynamics of and generally increased flows in larger streams and rivers. Cumulatively, these changes in hydrology, geomorphology, nutrient cycling, and sediment dynamics have had profound implications for aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity.
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Pursuit of the triple bottom line of economic, community and ecological sustainability has increased the complexity of fishery management; fisheries assessments require new types of data and analysis ...to guide science-based policy in addition to traditional biological information and modeling. We introduce the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs), a broadly applicable and flexible tool for assessing performance in individual fisheries, and for establishing cross-sectional links between enabling conditions, management strategies and triple bottom line outcomes. Conceptually separating measures of performance, the FPIs use 68 individual outcome metrics--coded on a 1 to 5 scale based on expert assessment to facilitate application to data poor fisheries and sectors--that can be partitioned into sector-based or triple-bottom-line sustainability-based interpretative indicators. Variation among outcomes is explained with 54 similarly structured metrics of inputs, management approaches and enabling conditions. Using 61 initial fishery case studies drawn from industrial and developing countries around the world, we demonstrate the inferential importance of tracking economic and community outcomes, in addition to resource status.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Compared to finfish and crustaceans, limited attention has been given to the economic modeling and production risk analysis of mollusk aquaculture. Given mollusk aquaculture's sensitivity to ...environmental factors, understanding production risk and its relationship to production technology and location is critical to firm viability. We modeled production as a function of random elements and performed stochastic risk analysis utilizing Monte Carlo simulation in conjunction with sensitivity analysis and scenario comparison. We applied these methods to compare different equipment systems and production strategies. This paper provides a framework for shellfish risk research that can be applied to various regions and species.
•Environmental and market-based risk evaluation for mollusk aquaculture production.•Disaster insurance's effect on risk mitigation.•Effect of mollusk aquaculture gear systems on profitability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ageing is the biggest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cellular senescence, a process driven in part by telomere shortening, has been implicated in age‐related tissue dysfunction. Here, we ...address the question of how senescence is induced in rarely dividing/post‐mitotic cardiomyocytes and investigate whether clearance of senescent cells attenuates age‐related cardiac dysfunction. During ageing, human and murine cardiomyocytes acquire a senescent‐like phenotype characterised by persistent DNA damage at telomere regions that can be driven by mitochondrial dysfunction and crucially can occur independently of cell division and telomere length. Length‐independent telomere damage in cardiomyocytes activates the classical senescence‐inducing pathways, p21CIP and p16INK4a, and results in a non‐canonical senescence‐associated secretory phenotype, which is pro‐fibrotic and pro‐hypertrophic. Pharmacological or genetic clearance of senescent cells in mice alleviates detrimental features of cardiac ageing, including myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Our data describe a mechanism by which senescence can occur and contribute to age‐related myocardial dysfunction and in the wider setting to ageing in post‐mitotic tissues.
Synopsis
Cellular senescence induced by telomere shortening during cell division has been implicated in age‐related tissue dysfunction. In rarely dividing post‐mitotic cells, telomeric DNA damage leading to senescence is triggered by mitochondria‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting new avenues for improved cardiac regeneration therapies.
Length‐independent telomere damage occurs in ageing post‐mitotic cardiomyocytes.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS drive telomere dysfunction in aged cardiomyocytes.
Senescent cell clearance reduces hypertrophy and fibrosis in aged hearts.
The heart responds to senescent cell clearance with limited cardiomyocyte regeneration.
Mitochondria derived reactive oxygen species trigger persistent DNA damage at telomeres, cardiomyocyte senescence and heart dysfunction during ageing.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The economics of shrimp disease Asche, Frank; Anderson, James L.; Botta, Robert ...
Journal of invertebrate pathology,
November 2021, 2021-11-00, 20211101, Volume:
186
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•Shrimp is the aquaculture species most influenced by disease.•Improvements in governance and production practices are essential.•Economic consideration also leads to environmentally questionable ...responses such as changing geographical location.
Shrimp is not only one of the world’s most valuable aquaculture species, but also a species that encounter high economic losses due to diseases. Diseases are sufficiently important to influence global supply and prices for longer periods. Profitability is the driving force behind shrimp farming and high profits associated with the absence of disease largely determines where shrimp production does take place; i.e. prevalence of disease leads to geographic relocation. In this paper, a basic economic model for the impact of the disease on a shrimp farm is provided and a Monte Carlo simulation is provided to illustrate the impact of disease on economic risk. Improved technologies, knowledge, and governance are important elements utilized in the mitigation of diseases in various shrimp producing countries. Economic aspects such as profitability in the absence and presence of diseases and cost of treatment determines the global production of shrimp along with shaping technologies and production systems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
10.
Three pillars of sustainability in fisheries Asche, Frank; Garlock, Taryn M.; Anderson, James L. ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
10/2018, Volume:
115, Issue:
44
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Sustainability of global fisheries is a growing concern. The United Nations has identified three pillars of sustainability: economic development, social development, and environmental protection. The ...fisheries literature suggests that there are two key trade-offs among these pillars of sustainability. First, poor ecological health of a fishery reduces economic profits for fishers, and second, economic profitability of individual fishers undermines the social objectives of fishing communities. Although recent research has shown that management can reconcile ecological and economic objectives, there are lingering concerns about achieving positive social outcomes. We examined trade-offs among the three pillars of sustainability by analyzing the Fishery Performance Indicators, a unique dataset that scores 121 distinct fishery systems worldwide on 68 metrics categorized by social, economic, or ecological outcomes. For each of the 121 fishery systems, we averaged the outcome measures to create overall scores for economic, ecological, and social performance. We analyzed the scores and found that they were positively associated in the full sample. We divided the data into subsamples that correspond to fisheries management systems with three categories of access—open access, access rights, and harvest rights—and performed a similar analysis. Our results show that economic, social, and ecological objectives are at worst independent and are mutually reinforcing in both types of managed fisheries. The implication is that rights-based management systems should not be rejected on the basis of potentially negative social outcomes; instead, social considerations should be addressed in the design of these systems.
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