We have prepared and evaluated a series of structural analogues of TaqMan PCR probes in an effort to identify second-generation probes with improved physical properties and performance. Modifications ...have included non-nucleosidic dye linkers, 2'-O-Me RNA substitutions, and pyrimidine C5-propyne substitutions.
The methods of UV (DUV) spectroscopy and thermal denaturation were used to study the effect of Cd2+ ions on the conformational equilibrium of three-stranded (A21, A2U) and single-stranded (poly U, ...poly A and poly I) polynucleotides in aqueous solutions containing 0.1 M Na+ (pH 7). An analysis of the form and intensities of DUV-spectra of poly A, poly I and A2I revealed the presence of two types of complexes: interaction with N7 of purines, resulting in the formation of macrochelates and binding to N1 of poly A and poly I. Cd2+ ions do not bind to heteroatoms of A2U nitrogen bases, and, therefore, the conformation of its structure remains unchanged up to a concentration of Cd2+ 0.01 M. A "critical" concentration (1.5x10(-4) M) of Cd2+ ions exists above which A2I transits cooperatively into a new helical conformation, which has a lower thermostability. It is supposed that, during the formation of metallized A2I, Cd2+ ions form bridges between the adenine and hypoxanthine of its homopolynucleotide circuits, being arranged inside the triple helix.
The first measurements of double-hadron production in deep-inelastic scattering within the nuclear medium were made with the HERMES spectrometer at DESY HERA using a 27.6 GeV positron beam. By ...comparing data for deuterium, nitrogen, krypton, and xenon nuclei, the influence of the nuclear medium on the ratio of double-hadron to single-hadron yields was investigated. Nuclear effects on the additional hadron are clearly observed, but with little or no difference among nitrogen, krypton, or xenon, and with smaller magnitude than effects seen on previously measured single-hadron multiplicities. The data are compared with models based on partonic energy loss or prehadronic scattering and with a model based on a purely absorptive treatment of the final-state interactions. Thus, the double-hadron ratio provides an additional tool for studying modifications of hadronization in nuclear matter.
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A fast cleaving non-nucleosidic tetramethylrhodamine dye-labeled support has been developed for automated synthesis of double dye-labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotides in high yield. A mixture (1:1:2) of ...t-butylamine: methanol:water is used for cleavage and deprotection of dye-labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotides without any degradation or modification of dyes and nucleobases. The cleavage rate of oligodeoxyribonucleotides is significantly increased by using a diglycolate ester linkage instead of the commonly used succinate linkage. These double dye-labeled probes are used in PCR for real time detection of a specific PCR product. Using a 5′-exonuclease assay, detected on the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System, there was no distinguishable difference in performance of probes synthesized using the dyelabeled support compared with traditional post-synthetic attachment of rhodamine.
Differential UV spectroscopy was used to study the temperature dependence of the conformational equilibrium in aqueous poly I · poly A · poly I (A2I) solutions containing Na+ (0.1–2 M) and Mg2+ ...(10−5–0.005 M) ions. Over the whole range of the studied Na+ and Mg2+ concentrations, the heating‐induced destruction of the triple A2I helix is actually the A2I → A + I + I (3 → 1) transition. The rise of the transition temperature with increasing Na+ and Mg2+ contents is well described by Manning's and the “ligand” theories, which makes it possible to estimate the linear charge density on the single‐stranded poly I (ξ = 1.9 ± 0.1) and the Mg2+–A2I binding constant (K = 1 250 M−1 for the zero degree of binding). An analytical expression has been obtained, which correlates the constants of Mg2+ binding to three‐ and single‐stranded polynucleotides (K3 and K1, respectively) and the linear charge density on them. There are only minor distinctions between the K3 values for A2U and A2I because these polynucleotides have similar structures. The difference in the K1 values is also slight as single‐stranded poly U, poly I, and poly A have similar conformations.
Dependence of the conformational transition temperatures of two triple helices with changing Mg2+ concentration.
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This annotated bibliography lists over 600 16mm films, videocassettes, and feature length films appropriate for gerontology programs. The films are listed alphabetically by title. The following ...information is provided: technical (running time, color or black and white, year of release), producer, availability, distributor, and sale/rental costs. A subject index is organized into 40 categories including advocacy, death/grief, employment, exercise, family relationships, folklore, housing, institutionalized aged, loneliness, marriage, men, rehabilitation programs, rural and urban aged, sexuality, and women. Addresses of distributors are also included. (KC)
This monograph seeks to bring understanding to one component of the advocacy field, that of advocacy and the aged, by overviewing this component through a series of articles. (Advocacy is an activity ...by which changes can be effected in a power structure to improve a subgroup's situation.) There are four parts to the document: part 1, entitled "Issues," contains an overview of advocacy as a social movement. In this part, Mark Berger views major philosophical approaches to the advocacy issue. Paul A. Kerschner explores the theory of pluralism as it applies to the aged. Neal E. Cutler examines common misconceptions regarding partisan political behavior on the part of older adults. Stephen McConnell, Dorothy Fleisher, Mel Spear, and Jodi Cohn discuss major organizational and policy problems which constitute the aging/advocacy issue. In part 2, entitled "Experiences," Margaret E. Kuhn, Hobart C. Jackson, and Barbara Kaplan provide case studies on advocacy by and for the elderly. In part 3, "Strategies," students of administration, planning, and community organizations are provided with a discussion of requisite tools for implementing advocacy efforts. Paul Nathanson and John L. Lamb focus on advocacy and the necessity of legal services. James A. Danowski emphasizes the use of media as a strategy for elderly advocate organizations. A selected bibliography is included in the final section. (CSS)
Completely revised and updated since its first edition in 1973, the book explores an even wider range of concerns regarding gerontology. Part 1 presents an overview of the multiple aspects of ...gerontology, and includes the following chapters: (1) Aging: Prospects and Issues, Richard H. Davis; (2) Aging: The Psychologist's Perspective, James E. Birren; (3) Aging: The Psychiatrist's Perspective, Alexander Simon; (4) The Sociology of Aging, Vern L. Bengtson and Ron C. Manuel; (5) The Physiology of Aging, Caleb E. Finch; (6) The Changing Physiology of Aging, Ruth B. Weg; (7) Mental Health in the Aged: The Nurse's Perspective, Irene M. Burnside. Part 2 presents six specific concerns and includes the following chapters: (8) The Aging Population and Social Policy, Neal E. Cutler; (9) Realities of Working with the Aged, Irene M. Burnside; (10) The Elderly and the Drug Culture, Ronald Kayne; (11) Changing Legislation: Its Effect on Programs for the Aged, Paul A. Kerschner; (12) Ethnicity, Social Policy, and Aging, Rosalyn Benitez; (13) Environmental Influences on the Older Person, Robert Newcomer. An extensive bibliography presents entries in 10 specific fields and includes works from 1960 through 1975 only. (LH)
TAMRA fluorescent dye-labeled non-nucleosidic synthesis supports have been derivatized for automated synthesis of 3′ dye-labeled oligonucleotides.
1 Synthesis with 5′ fluorescent dye phosphoramidites ...leads to 5′ and 3′ double labeled oligonucleotides, useful in Taqman assay and FRET experiments. Cleavage and deprotection of dye-labeled oligonucleotides are carried out with tert-butylamine:methanol:water (1:1:2) without any degradation and/or modification of dyes and nucleobases.
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