Actinomycetes are a group of bacteria that are widely distributed in soil, litter, water, and other natural sources. These Gram positive bacteria can produce hundreds of bioactive compounds, ...especially antibiotics. This research isolated culturable actinomycetes from mangrove sediments in the Semarang and Karimunjawa Island areas. The isolates that produce potential antibacterial compounds were identified by qualitative screening using the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (NRPS/PKS) prediction approach. This research was conducted from June to November 2020. A total of 19 actinomycetes from Semarang and 17 actinomycetes from Karimunjawa were found to have at least one type of Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (NRPS, Type I or Type II PKS), but only three isolates had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes. Molecular identification found that the bacteria were similar to Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum (99.92%), Streptomyces pluripotens (100%), and Micromonospora chersina (99.08%). Results of the study concluded that the three bacterial isolates that had bacterial activity have similar genes with known antibiotic-producing genes and can potentially provide new antibiotic candidates.
Sargassum sp. is a known genus of brown seaweed whose dominant component is alginic acid or alginate. Various studies found that alginate having proinflammatory activity, so it may have potential to ...improve the wound healing process. This study aimed to obtain sodium alginate extract and to know the potency of the sodium alginate extract in incision wound treatment in mice abdomen. Lotion application was performed once a day in a span of five consecutive days. Observation on the wound was carried out to obtain data on blood coagulation, tissue reparation, and fibroblast development rate on the wound using histology. The results showed that the average yield from the Sargassum sp. extraction process was 31.3%. Quality control of the prepared lotion included organoleptic test; light brown coloration, lotion specific odor, semi- solid texture. The acidity of the lotion was measured as 6.61 with 6.731 cp of viscosity. The lotion adhesiveness test showed 0.21 seconds and the lotion was shown to be oil-in-water. Application of the lotion on incision wounds made in the abdomen of rats showed blood coagulation on the first day and onset of wound reparation process on the second day. Wound observation by the third day showed that the inflicted area had undergone a near-complete reparation. The study also showed that on the fifth day of reparation Sargassum sp. extract lotion treatment group showed fibroblast formation, as opposed to the non-extract lotion treatment group. Previous study use alginates as wound dressing material, but in this study alginate used as active ingredient in wound healing treatment. Therefore, this study concludes that sodium alginate in Sargassum sp. seaweed has a potential application in the field of medicine.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims: Morphology and molecular biology of a rare shark-rays Rhina ancylostoma caught from Java sea.Indonesia.
Study Design: Morphology, morphometry and DNA analysis of the fish specimen.
Place and ...Duration of Study: Sample wascollected from fish auction hall at north Java, specimen now stored in Lab of Ichtiology. Department of Fisheries. Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science. Diponegoro University, between March to December 2019.
Methodology: DNA extraction, amplification and molecular identification of fish sample.Yield of DNA supernatant transferred in an eppendeorf tube and stored in 4°C for further process. PCR amplification. Part of Mithocondrial DNA COI (Cytochrome Oxidase subunit-I) gen was amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Then matched up with GenBank database at NCBI using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis. Philogenetic tree was set using Neighbor-Joining method, Kimura-2 parameter model and 1,000 bootstrap replication. Some sequence from NCBI GenBank were inputted into philogenetic tree as comparison.
Results: Rhina ancylostoma as one of demersal shark rays catch from tropical shallow Java sea. Range of Total Length 73 – 200 cm and dominant Total Length catch 125 cm. Morphologyis characterised with three lines of spine thorn on the head, morphometry characteriswide of head to TL ratio 0.77. DNA analysis had confirmed the specimen of AH2 as Rhina ancylostoma based on homological match up of sequence of Gen Bank database with reference accesion number KU721837.1 with length sequence of 665 bpand identical similarity of 99.84% for specimen Accession number LC 505461.
Conclusion: Rhina ancylostoma as one of demersal shark rays catch from Java sea. Range Total Length (TL) of catch 73 – 200 cm and dominant TL catch range 101 – 125 cm. Morphologically character of wide head ratio with three lines of spine thorn on the head. Nearest genetic distance of 0.02 to Rhincobatushorkelii and 0.017 to R. australiae. Longest genetic distance of 0.243 to Potamotrygon motoro.
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