Mangrove plant endophytic bacteria are prolific sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. In the present study, twenty-three endophytic bacteria were isolated from the fresh roots of the mangrove ...plant
. The identification of isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolated endophytic bacteria belonged to nine genera, including
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, and
. The ethyl acetate extracts of the endophytic bacteria's pharmacological properties were evaluated in vitro, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of three high bioactive strains
sp. RAR_GA_16,
RAR_WA_32, and
sp. RAR_M1_44 identified major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their ethyl acetate extracts. Genome analyses identified biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites of the bacterial endophytes. The obtained results reveal that the endophytic bacteria from
may be a potential source of pharmacological secondary metabolites, and further investigations of the high bioactive strains-such as fermentation and isolation of pure bioactive compounds, and heterologous expression of novel BGCs in appropriate expression hosts-may allow exploring and exploiting the promising bioactive compounds for future drug development.
Access to HIV viral load is crucial to efficiently monitor patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and prevent HIV drug resistance acquisition. However, in some remote settings, access to viral ...load monitoring is still complex due to logistical and financial constraints. Use of dried blood spots (DBS) for blood collection could overcome these difficulties. This study aims to describe feasibility and operability of DBS use for routine viral load monitoring.
From June 2017 to April 2018, HIV-infected adults who initiated ART were enrolled in a prospective cohort in 43 clinical sites across 6 provinces in North Vietnam. Following national guidelines, the first viral load monitoring was planned 6 months after ART initiation. DBS were collected at the clinical site and sent by post to a central laboratory in Hanoi for viral load measurement.
Of the 578 patients enrolled, 537 were still followed 6 months after ART initiation, of which DBS was collected for 397 (73.9%). The median (inter quartile range) delay between DBS collection at site level and reception at the central laboratory was 8 (6-19) days and for 70.0% viral load was measured ≤30 days after blood collection. The proportion of patients with viral load ≥1000 copies/mL at the 6 month evaluation was 15.9% (n = 59). Of these, a DBS was collected again to confirm virological failure in 15 (24.4%) of which virological failure was confirmed in 11 (73.3%).
Delay of DBS transfer to the central laboratory was acceptable and most viral loads were measured in ≤30 days, in-line with routine follow-up. However, the level of DBS coverage and the proportion of patients in failure for whom a confirmatory viral load was available were suboptimal, indicating that integration of viral load monitoring in the field requires, among other things, careful training and strong involvement of the local teams. The proportion of patients experiencing virological failure was in line with other reports; interestingly those who reported being non-adherent and those with a low BMI were more at risk of failure.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Using Camellia Sinensis leaf aqueous extract as a friendly reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized via the green process. The plausible mechanism for the ZnO ...NPs formation is proposed as the chelation of Zn, or metal complexation, under the thermally assisted energy from the annealing process. An inclusive study on the effect of the annealing process on the ZnO NPs is conducted from room temperature to 850 °C. The structural, morphological, thermal, and optical characteristics and their intercorrelation with annealing temperature are thoroughly studied. In particular, the change of crystalline texture coefficient contributed to the systematic perspective of the shape changes of the ZnO NPs. The (002)-oriented growth becomes preferred at 400–700 °C, corresponding to the increase of conical-shaped NPs from 150 to 250 nm in average size. With further temperature, the preferred growth transfers from (002) to (100) orientations, and polygonal spherical-shaped NPs can be obtained. Photoluminescence spectra reveal that singly and doubly ionized oxygen vacancies are the most dominant in the NPs. With the optimized green materials, implementing an eco-friendly memristor based on ZnO NPs found promising for electronic devices.
The green synthesis of ZnO NPs using Camellia Sinensis leaf extract. Display omitted
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aedes aegypti
and
Ae. albopictus
are key vectors in the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika.
Triatoma rubrofasciata
is an “assassin bug” whose populations and ...association with humans have dramatically increased and may represent a serious health concern. Control of insect vectors is a logical course of action to prevent the spread of these insect-borne infections. This work presents the leaf essential oil composition, mosquito larvicidal activities, and insect-repellent activity of
Severinia monophylla
. The essential oil of
S. monophylla
from Vietnam was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major components were sabinene, β-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene D, (
E
)-nerolidol, globulol, and linalool. The leaf essential oil showed remarkable larvicidal activity against
Ae. aegypti
with LC
50
(48 h) of 7.1 μg/mL and
Ae. albopictus
with LC
50
(48 h) of 36 μg/mL. The essential oil also showed repellent activity on
T. rubrofasciata
at a concentration of 0.5%.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The recent increase in the number of business studies lends us a better understanding of the multi-faceted behaviors of artisans whose product innovation is made to strategically respond to different ...logics. The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical framework for artisan product innovation based on the interplay between institutional logics, counter-institutional identities, and product innovation. We argue that craft product innovation results from the comparative power between oppositional identity (artisan identity) and relational identity (entrepreneurial identity) when coping with multiple logics. A qualitative methodology that incorporates in-depth interviews and field observations is applied to offer insights into product innovation among Vietnamese artisan businesses. Our research discovers a new strategy, “Core-Satellite,” that is a tactic in reconciling competing logics. When oppositional identity is strong and relational identity is either strong or moderate at the same time, artisan business owners will create a “core” that provides a strong foundation for innovated products (satellite).
The study investigates how marketing mix factors are mediated by health consciousness and service quality in creating fresh fruit buying decisions of customers in Vietnam. This study employs samples ...of customers in Vietnam via the survey questionnaire. The authors have used a total of 256 responses that acquired the valid criteria. The compound of data analysis comprises reliability test, validity test, exploratory factor analysis, group analysis and multiple regression analysis to structure the hypothesized model. Respectively, the structural equation model (SEM) is applied to conduct the multiple multivariate equations. By the assumption of causal-effect relationship between independent variables such as marketing mixed factors, and mediator as health consciousness and service quality, which potentially impact on purchase decision; the SEM method is deployed. The results reveal that consumers have paid no attention to the marketing mix factors, but they care much about service quality and health consciousness. Thus, health consciousness and service quality are effective mediators. These findings are new and contribute to the consumer behavior and retail marketing literature. The findings of this study can provide assistance to managers in the given field to understand more easily the consumer behavior about fresh fruits, then improve their own performance.
•A significant unmet need for hepatitis B vaccination in adults remained in Viet Nam.•More people in the young age groups should be recommended for hepatitis B vaccination.•The social disparity in ...hepatitis B vaccination existed in various socioeconomic statuses.•Hepatitis B vaccination should be recommended for the broader population to achieve elimination.
Gaps in adult hepatitis B vaccination were undefined in Vietnam, a lower-middle-income country. To address these gaps, this study defined hepatitis B vaccine coverage in adults and its associated factors in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. We also proposed interventional strategies, prioritizing gap identification to facilitate hepatitis B elimination by 2030 and beyond.
During 2019–2020, a multi-stage cluster serosurvey with probability proportional to size was conducted to representatively invite 20,000 adults (18 years or older) throughout HCMC for hepatitis B screening (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc). Serologic results defined two dependent variables: vaccine-induced immunity (i.e., isolated anti-HBs) and susceptibility (i.e., HBV naive). Associations of dependent variables with surveyed demographics, socioeconomic statuses, behaviors, and medical history at risk for hepatitis B were evaluated using weighted Poisson regression.
The prevalence was 18.5% (95%CI, 17.3-20.0%) for vaccine-induced immunity and 37.7% (35.6-39.8%) for susceptibility. Even though analyses in the general population revealed a falling trend in vaccine-induced immunity prevalence from younger to older age groups, sensitivity analyses in the non-infected population (i.e., those who were both negative for HBsAg and anti-HBc) showed that younger age groups, especially those aged 30 to 50 years, had the lowest prevalence. Social inequalities existed in different ethnicities, residence areas, education levels, house ownership, and health insurance statuses. There was no significant association between vaccine-induced immunity or susceptibility and risky behaviors and medical histories.
This study depicts a significant unmet need for hepatitis B vaccination in the general adult population in HCMC, Viet Nam. Indeed, the lack of vaccination was unevenly distributed regarding age groups, geographical areas, and socioeconomic statuses, which reveals profound social disparities. Therefore, to achieve hepatitis B elimination goals, besides the current recommendations for infants and risk-based strategies, hepatitis B vaccination should be recommended for the broader population.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cryptococcal disease most commonly occurs in patients with an underlying immune deficit, most commonly HIV infection, and is due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Occasionally disease due to ...this variety occurs in apparently immunocompetent patients. The relationship between strains infecting immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients is not clear. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to characterize the relationship between strains infecting HIV-infected and uninfected patients. Isolates from 51 HIV-uninfected patients and 100 HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis were compared. C. neoformans var. grubii VNI was responsible for infections in 73% of HIV-uninfected and 100% of HIV-infected patients. AFLP analysis defined two distinct clusters, VNIγ and VNIδ. The majority (84%) of isolates from HIV-uninfected patients were VNIγ, compared with only 38% of isolates from HIV-infected patients (odds ratio, 8.30; 95% confidence interval CI, 3.04 to 26.6; P < 0.0001). In HIV-uninfected patients, underlying disease was less frequent in those with VNIγ infections. Two clusters of C. neoformans var. grubii VN1 are responsible for the majority of cases of cryptococcal meningitis in Vietnam. The distribution of these clusters differs according to the immune status of the host.
•Rotavirus accounts for nearly half of cases of acute watery diarrhoea.•The rotavirus genotype in Vietnam changed dynamically from year to year.•The estimated vaccine effectiveness based on ...vaccination history was 59–70%.•Vaccine effectiveness was highest for G3P8 and lowest for G2P4.•This is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Rotarix vaccine in Vietnam.
Rotavirus (RV) genotypes vary geographically, and this can affect vaccine effectiveness (VE). This study investigated the genotype distribution of RV and explored VE before introducing the RV vaccine to the national immunization programme in Vietnam.
This hospital-based surveillance study was conducted at Children’s Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City in 2013–2018. Stool samples and relevant data, including vaccination history, were collected from children aged <5 years who were hospitalized with gastroenteritis. RV was detected using enzyme immunoassays and then genotyped. Children aged ≥6 months were included in the VE analysis.
Overall, 5176 children were included in this study. RV was detected in 2421 children (46.8%). RV positivity decreased over the study period and was associated with age, seasonality, location and previous vaccination. Among 1105 RV-positive samples, G3P8 was the most prevalent genotype (43.1%), followed by G8P8 (19.7%), G1P8 (12.9%) and G2P4 (12.9%). Overall VE was 69.7% 95% confidence interval (CI) 53.3–80.6% in fully vaccinated children and 58.6% (95% CI 44.1–69.4%) in children who had received at least one dose of RV vaccine. VE was highest for G3P8 (95% CI 75.1–84.5%) and lowest for G2P4 (95% CI 32.4–57.2%).
RV remains a major cause of acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization in southern Vietnam. The RV vaccine is effective, but its effectiveness varies with RV genotype.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF
