The article poses some theoretical questions about the concept of mono- & plurilingualism. It goes on to examine the role of Matija Vlacic Ilirik (1520-1575) who initiated the consideration of this ...concept in establishing vernaculars as languages appropriate for literary use. In this context, based on the text, the author examines one of the most significant questions posed by Vlacic, ie., the legitimacy of the vernacular as literary language & the possibility of understanding a text compiled in another language & another era. Adapted from the source document
Imageability has been argued to induce asymmetry in processing of nominal lexical units as this feature of the mental lexicon is sensitive to the organization of the conceptual system. Double ...modality of the representation of high imageable nouns in the mental lexicon, contrasted with single representation in low imageable nouns is argued to facilitate the processing of a concrete noun and slow down successful retrieval, access and any further processing of an abstract noun. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a variation in the semantic processing of high and low imageable words in people with aphasia compared to the healthy control speakers when presented with a visual or auditive stimulus. Conducted research was designed to examine the processing of the lexical feature of imageability and hence included four tests from PALPA battery of tests adapted for Croatian: Auditory Synonym Judgement, Written Synonym Judgement and Word Semantic Association. To reduce the effect of perceptive impairments, general semantic processing was verified by conducting two follow-up PALPA comprehension tests: Spoken Word-Picture Matching and Written Word-Picture Matching. The study included 30 aphasic participants and 30 paired healthy participants; all native speakers of Croatian. In line with the predictions, there was a statistically significant difference between experimental and control group; the experimental group further confirmed the predictions by achieving significantly lower results with respect to low imageable words. Difficulties in recognition of low imageable words in aphasics confirm the existing variations in the organization of processing pathways. The main finding of the research demonstrates that the aphasics, especially Broca’s aphasics, have problems when processing complex psycholinguistic tasks, as well as complex structures involved both in the grammatical and conceptual representations.
U članku se, na temelju pregleda jezikoslovnoga nazivlja koje se tiče reda riječi, a posebno pozicioniranja klitika u njemu u hrvatskom jeziku u devetnaestostoljetnim i dvadesetostoljetnim ...gramatikama, raspravlja o odnosu između imenovanja i tumačenja pojave. Dalje se govori o potrebi razgraničavanja gramatičkoga (rečeničnoga) i obavijesnoga (iskaznoga) ustrojstva prilikom rasprave o redu riječi. Na kraju rada predlaže se mogućnost uređivanja nazivlja vezanog uz red riječi.
This chapter will examine language policy on the macro-level (see Chapter 2), namely the legal basis for language management in the Republic of Croatia and the ways that language is regulated on the ...national level in areas directly under governmental control. The starting point here is clearly the declaration of an official language in the Croatian constitution. The relevant article of the constitution is succinct:
Article 12In the Republic of Croatia the Croatian language and Latin alphabet are in official use. In individual local communities another language and the Cyrillic or some other alphabet may be introduced into official use alongside the Croatian language and Latin alphabet, under conditions prescribed by law. (Sabor Republike Hrvatske 1990)1
As we have argued in the previous chapter, dialects, languages, and standard languages are essentially sociolinguistic constructs. It is not possible to use only structural or historical criteria or ...the degree of mutual intelligibility to determine whether two varieties are part of the same language or different languages, and these criteria are at any rate not as straightforward as they would initially appear. Nevertheless, arguments of this type have been common with respect to the status of the language varieties spoken in the South Slavic region between Slovenia in the northwest and Macedonia and Bulgaria in the southeast. This chapter will examine specific linguistic facts that have been used to characterize the different language varieties in this central South Slavic region, including the larger dialect groups that are typically assumed, their historical origin, and the dialectal bases of the standard languages; we will also consider different interpretations of the linguistic data by scholars.
As mentioned above, the conception of Serbo-Croatian as a single standard language, which was promoted in the second half of the 19th century and especially in the 20th century after the formation of ...a unified Yugoslav state, usually involved a specific interpretation of its standardization. In the simplest terms, according to this version the long and complex history of writing in the Croatian lands was portrayed as completely fragmented, with differences in orthography, phonology, morphology, syntax, and the lexicon, which varied from region to region and even among individual authors. A coherent supraregional norm developed only in the late 19th century, when the Croats were said to have adopted the standard language proposed by the Serbian language reformer Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. The so-called Vienna Literary Agreement, which declared that ‘one people must have one literature’ and was signed in 1850 by Vuk, his student Duro Daničič, and several prominent Croatian intellectual and literary figures, was seen as a decisive turning point in the development of a modern standard language among the Croats.
Given the extent to which the mass media permeate modern society, one would intuitively assume that they must play a key role in the codification and dissemination of the norms of standard languages, ...as well as in shaping attitudes towards these languages among their communities of users. However, the situation is complex, and the media may be simultaneously viewed both as models of standard usage and as corrupters of those standards. In the Croatian context, Hudeček and Mihaljević state in their textbook The language of the media: The journalistic functional style (Jezik medija: Publicisticki funkcionalni stil, 2009: 7) that ‘the mass media have a great influence on the linguistic culture of every individual’. According to them, while norms of usage can be best verified in the language of journalism, at the same time established norms are also most easily ‘destroyed’ in this style (10). These authors lament the state of the language in the Croatian media, the lack of respect for its norms, and the numerous mistakes that can be observed at all linguistic levels. They assert that journalists:
should use language that is consistent with the demands of the norms of the standard language and should be conscious of their responsibility, which is a result of the fact that readers, listeners, and viewers every day follow their language and that many of them form their linguistic consciousness in this way. (Hudeček and Mihaljevic 2009: 10–11)
