ABSTRACT The use of pre-sprouted seedlings in the implantation of sugarcane crops not only reduces the establishment period and production costs, but also has other advantages, such as a lesser ...requirement of propagules (stems) and greater phytosanitary control of the seedlings, when compared to conventional planting. Commercial substrates are also expensive and their use increases the cost of seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings grown on substrates with different proportions of decomposed babassu palm stem (DBPS), as well as to recommend the substrate formulation that provides the most favorable environment for the growth and development of sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings. For preparation of the substrate (S), DBPS and soil were used in the following proportions: S1: 0 % of DBPS + 100 % of soil; S2: 20 % of DBPS + 80 % of soil; S3: 40 % of DBPS + 60 % of soil; S4: 60 % of DBPS + 40 % of soil; S5: 80 % of DBPS + 20 % of soil; S6: 100 % of DBPS + 0 % of soil. The use of S2 and S3 considerably improved the seedling quality parameters, such as sprout diameter and length, number of leaves and total, shoot and root dry mass. However, from an economic point of view, S2 is recommended for use.
RESUMO A utilização de mudas pré-brotadas na implantação de lavouras de cana-de-açúcar não só reduz o período de implantação e os custos de produção, mas, também, traz outras vantagens, como menor necessidade de propágulos (colmos) e maior controle fitossanitário das mudas, em comparação ao plantio convencional. Os substratos comerciais também são caros e seu uso aumenta o custo das mudas. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar cultivada em substratos com diferentes proporções de caule decomposto de palmeira de babaçu (CDPB), bem como recomendar a formulação do substrato que proporciona o ambiente mais favorável para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas pré-brotadas de cana-de-açúcar. Para a preparação do substrato (S), CDPB e solo foram usados nas seguintes proporções: S1: 0 % de CDPB + 100 % de solo; S2: 20 % de CDPB + 80 % de solo; S3: 40 % de CDPB + 60 % de solo; S4: 60 % de CDPB + 40 % de solo; S5: 80 % de CDPB + 20 % de solo; S6: 100 % de CDPB + 0 % de solo. O uso de S2 e S3 melhorou consideravelmente os parâmetros de qualidade das mudas, como diâmetro e comprimento do broto, número de folhas e massa seca total, da parte aérea e da raiz. No entanto, do ponto de vista econômico, indica-se o substrato S2.
In tropical and semi-arid regions of Brazil, phosphorus is one of the most limiting elements of cowpea productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of applying five phosphorus doses ...in the soil on morpho-physiological and production components in three improved cultivars of cowpea. The experiment was carried out at the São Fernando farm located in José de Freitas, PI, Brazil, in a Plinthosol with a low phosphorus content. The experimental design was complete randomized block design with four replications in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme consisting of five phosphorus doses (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg P2O5 ha^(-1)) and three improved cowpea cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Cauamé). No interaction was observed between cultivars and phosphorus doses for any of the assessed variables. The cultivar BRS Tumucumaque showed the highest value for one-hundred-grain weight (21.0 g) and, together with BRS Guariba, the highest value of pod length. An increment was observed in growth (stem diameter, main branch length, leaf area, and shoot dry matter) and production characteristics (number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, one-hundred-grain weight, and grain production per plant) in response to increases in phosphorus doses. The dose of 183.1 kg P_2O_5 ha^(-1) provided the maximum technical grain yield, estimated at 2,023.3 kg ha^(-1).
The aim of this study was to evaluate morpho-physiological and productive characteristics in four semi-erect cultivars of the cowpea under five plant populations. The experiment was conducted in the ...experimental area of Embrapa Meio-Norte in Teresina in the State of Piauí, Brazil (PI). The experimental design was of randomised complete blocks with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, for evaluating four cultivars (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera, BRS Potengi and BRS Tumucumaque) and five plant populations (105, 2x105, 3x105, 4x105 and 5x105 plants ha-1). There were significant differences between cultivars for primary branch length (PBL), number of lateral branches (NLB), 100-grain weight (HGW), and dry-grain yield (GY). The maximum PBL of 58.5 cm was obtained with 300 thousand plants ha-1, corresponding to an increase of 11.5% when compared to 100 thousand plants ha-1. However, there was a reduction of 91.2% in NLB when compared to the populations of 100 and 500 thousand plants ha-1. The increases of 188% obtained in the leaf area index (LAI) in the range of 100 to 500 thousand plants ha-1 explain the linear increase in the crop growth rate (CGR) as being due to the greater production of leaf area; also, the decreases seen in the net assimilation rate (NAR), especially in the range of 100 to 300 thousand plants ha-1, are explained as due to the consequent self-shading, which was intensified in the larger populations. LAI, light interception, and CGR in the cultivars increase in response to higher densities. HGW and GY are not significantly affected by the different populations.
In garlic (Allium sativum L.), genotype evaluation facilitates the search for better varieties. The aim of this study was to use morphoagronomic traits to evaluate three garlic landraces, namely, ...“Cateto Roxo Local”, “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1” and “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2”. They were planted on May 1, 2014 and May 23, 2014, in the municipality of Sussuapara, State of Piauí, Brazil. These varieties have similar behavior at the vegetative stage. “Cateto Roxo Local” had the highest average bulb mass, clove number per bulb, and clove mass per bulb. “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1” and “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2” had the largest clove diameter per bulb. In Sussuapara - PI, “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1” and “Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2” are recommended for planting in the beginning of May, whereas “Cateto Roxo Local” should be planted in the third week of May.
RESUMO: Na cultura do alho (Allium sativum L.), a atividade de avaliação de genótipos é importante na busca por variedades superiores e adaptadas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar avaliação agromorfológica em três variedades crioulas de alho, Cateto Roxo Local, Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1 e Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2, em duas épocas de plantio, 1o de maio e 23 de maio de 2014, no município de Sussuapara - Piauí. As variedades apresentam comportamento semelhante na fase vegetativa das plantas, considerando as duas épocas de plantio. Quanto aos caracteres relacionados à produção, Cateto Roxo Local apresentou maior média para massa de bulbos, número e massa de bulbilhos por bulbo, enquanto Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1 e Cateto Roxo Mineiro 2, se destacaram quanto ao diâmetro dos bulbilhos por bulbo. Cateto Roxo Mineiro 1 e 2 devem ser recomendadas para o plantio no início do mês de maio, enquanto para Cateto Roxo Local, o plantio pode ocorrer até a terceira semana de maio, em Sussuapara - PI.
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ABSTRACT Cowpea is broadly cultivated worldwide, especially in semi-arid or arid regions where soil or irrigation water salt contents can negatively influence the species’ productive capacity. The ...objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of cowpea genotypes to irrigation water salinity. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, under a completely randomized design with nine replications and in a 5x3 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - EC (EC0: 0.55; EC1: 1.60; EC2: 3.20; EC3: 4.80 and EC4: 6.40 dS m-1), applied from the 15th day after sowing (DAS), and three cowpea genotypes (G1: BRS Imponente; G2: MNC04-795F-168 and G3: MNC04-795F-159). EC increases at 35 DAS promoted stem diameter reductions of 8.0% (G1), 11.4% (G2), and 7.7% (G3), indicating different resistance to salinity by each genotype. Leaf area reductions at 25 and 38 DAS were 30.9% and 38.8% for EC0 and EC4, respectively. The BRS Imponente cultivar presented a performance superior to those of G2 and G3 in relation to stem diameter and stem dry matter at 25 DAS, and root-shoot and root-leaf ratios at 38 DAS.
RESUMO O feijão-caupi é bastante cultivado no mundo, principalmente em regiões semiáridas ou áridas onde o teor de sais presentes no solo ou na água de irrigação pode influenciar negativamente na capacidade produtiva da espécie. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar as respostas morfofisiológicas de genótipos de feijão-caupi à salinidade da água de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com nove repetições, em esquema fatorial 5x3, sendo cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CE (CE0: 0,55; CE1: 1,60; CE2: 3,20; CE3: 4,80 e CE4: 6,40 dS m-1) aplicados a partir do 15º dia após a semeadura (DAS) e três genótipos de feijão-caupi (G1: BRS Imponente; G2: MNC04-795F-168 e G3: MNC04-795F-159). Aumentos nas CE aos 35 DAS, promoveram reduções no diâmetro do caule de 8,0% (G1), 11,4% (G2) e 7,7% (G3) indicando resistências diferenciadas dos genótipos aos efeitos da salinidade. Entre CE0 e CE4 as reduções na área foliar aos 25 e 38 DAS foram de 30,9% e 38,8%, respectivamente. Os efeitos negativos da salinidade foram mais intensos nas matérias secas da raiz e da haste, aos 20 DAS e na matéria seca das folhas, aos 30 DAS. A cultivar BRS Imponente apresenta desempenho superior a G2 e G3 em relação ao diâmetro do caule e matéria seca da haste, aos 25 DAS, e razão parte aérea raiz e folha raiz, aos 38 DAS.
The study aimed to evaluate the phytoavailability of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) concentrations in leaves and grains, and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) grown in soil amended with ...composted tannery sludge (CTS) for two consecutive years. The experiments were carried out in 2009 and 2010 in soil amended with CTS at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha-1. The CTS amendment rates applied were above 10 Mg ha-1, increased Cr concentrations in cowpea leaves. There were not increases in the heavy metals concentrations in cowpea grains after two years. In 2009, the application of CTS amendment did not promote increase in plant yield. However, in 2010, CTS amendment at 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 increased cowpea yield. The amendment of composted tannery sludge linearly increased linearly the concentration of Cr in the leaves of cowpea after two years. Composted tannery sludge promoted increases in cowpea yield.
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Tannery wastes generation is increasing every year and a suitable method for tannery sludge management is necessary in order to decrease this environmental problem. The composting is recognized as a ...suitable method for sludge recycling.. The effect of tannery sludge compost (TSC) rates on growth, nodulation and N fixation of cowpea was investigated. Sandy and clayey soils were amended with TSC at rates of 0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 t ha-1. The shoot dry weight of cowpea plants 45 days after emergence (DAE) was greater in the TSC-amended than in the unamended soil. In the sandy soil, nodule dry weight increased with TSC application 45 DAE. In the clayey soil, 45 DAE, nodule dry weight decreased with TSC amendment levels greater than 7.5 t ha-1 compared to the unamended control. The application of TSC increased N accumulation in the cowpea plants. The results suggest that cowpea responds differently to TSC depending on the amendment rate and initial soil type.
A geração de resíduos de curtume está aumentando a cada ano e um método adequado para o manejo do resíduo de curtume é necessário para diminuir o problema ambiental. A compostagem é reconhecido como um método adequado para a reciclagem do lodo. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar o efeito da aplicação de composto de lodo de curtume (CLC) sobre o crescimento, nodulação e acumulação de nitrogênio do feijão-caupi. Solos arenoso e argiloso foram adubados com CLC em doses de 0, 7,5, 15, 30 e 60 t ha-1. O comprimento da parte aérea do feijão-caupi foi maior, aos 45 dias após a emergência das plantas (DAE), no solo com aplicação de CLC do que no solo sem aplicação. No solo arenoso, a massa dos nódulos, aos 45 DAE, aumentou com a aplicação do CLC. No solo argiloso, aos 45 DAE, em doses superiores a 7,5 t ha-1, houve um decréscimo na massa nodular quando comparado ao solo sem aplicação. A aplicação do CLC aumentou a acumulação de N nas plantas de feijão-caupi. Os resultados sugerem que o feijão-caupi responde diferentemente ao CLC sendo dependente da dose de aplicação e do tipo de solo.
O presente artigo discute o papel da extensão universitária no que tange ao impacto social e à formação acadêmica do discente, a partir de um projeto de extensão desenvolvido na Universidade Federal ...do Piauí, objetivando incentivar o desenvolvimento de propostas de extensão voltadas para o atendimento às demandas surgidas durante a pandemia COVID-19. Buscando celeridade nas ações de extensão emergentes no contexto pandêmico, o projeto previa, em sua metodologia, a inclusão de várias modalidades de ações de extensão a serem executadas de abril a novembro de 2020. Durante este período foram desenvolvidas 113 propostas de extensão voltadas para o enfrentamento da COVID-19, que possibilitaram, ao público de diversos segmentos sociais, uma compreensão melhor da doença; a adoção de práticas preventivas e de tratamento sobre a pandemia; o acesso à educação, à cultura e ao lazer durante o isolamento social, além de uma melhor formação para os alunos envolvidos na execução das ações do projeto, os quais estavam sem acesso ao ensino superior desde o início da pandemia. Os resultados apontaram para a importância do projeto na mitigação dos impactos da pandemia na vida das pessoas, em suas várias esferas, reafirmando o papel da extensão na superação das demandas sociais, na transformação da realidade e no processo formativo dos discentes, preconizado na Política Nacional de Extensão elaborada pelo Fórum de Pró-Reitores de Extensão das Universidades Públicas Brasileiras e reafirmado por estudos e discussão sobre a temática.
Palavras-chave: Extensão Universitária; Impacto Social; Formação Discente
The impacts of extension activities to face COVID-19 on social reality and student training
Abstract: This article discusses the function of university extension from the social impact and students' academic education through an extension project developed at the Federal University of Piauí, aiming to encourage the development of extension activities directly proposed to deal with demands created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The project foresaw, in its methodology, the addition of several modalities of extension activities to be performed from April to November 2020, aiming to speed up the emerging extension actions in the pandemic context. During this period, 113 different proposals of extension activities were developed to face COVID-19, which enabled, people of different social contexts a better understanding of the disease; the adoption of preventive and treatment practices related to the pandemic; the access to education, culture, and leisure during the social isolation, and also a better training to the students involved in the execution of the project actions, who, before that, were private of access the higher education since the beginning of the pandemic. The results have shown the importance of this project in mitigating the impacts of the pandemic on people's lives in different ways, reasserting the function of extension in overcoming social demands, transforming reality, in the training process of students, recommended in the National Policy of Extension, elaborated by the Forum of Pro-Rectors of Extension of Brazilian Public Universities and reaffirmed by studies and discussion about the subject.
Keywords: University Extension; Social Impact; Student Training
Among the several factors that negatively influence cowpea culture, weeds have been responsible for the reduction of growth, development and productive performance of the crop, making it necessary to ...establish management strategies based on phytosociological studies of weed species in growing areas. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the floristic composition of weeds, aiming to identify the main species and their dynamics, and to consider their distribution in time and space as pertaining to the cultivation of a modern variety of cowpea, cv. BRS Novaera, in dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol, in the Midnorth region of the state of Piaui, Brazil. The phytosociological survey of weeds was carried out in three sessions: the first one was immediately before the area was desiccated with glyphosate (15 days before sowing the cowpea), and the others were at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS). Following the quantification of species and number of individuals, the following phytosociological parameters were calculated: frequency and relative frequency; density and relative density; abundance and relative abundance; and importance value index. It was concluded that there were few changes in the floristic composition of the weed community according to the epoch of the phytosociological surveys. The main weed plants at 20 DAS of cowpea (vegetative phase) were 'Chamaesyce hirta, Digitaria insularis, Alternanthera tenella, Cleome affinis, Mollugo verticillata' and 'Portulaca oleracea'. At 40 days (reproductive phase), the weed species with a large establishment and acting as potential competitors with cv. BRS Novaera cowpea were 'Digitaria insularis, Chamaesyce hirta' and 'Mollugo verticillata'.
Among the several factors that negatively influence cowpea culture, weeds have been responsible for the reduction of growth, development and productive performance of the crop, making it necessary to ...establish management strategies based on phytosociological studies of weed species in growing areas. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the floristic composition of weeds, aiming to identify the main species and their dynamics, and to consider their distribution in time and space as pertaining to the cultivation of a modern variety of cowpea, cv. BRS Novaera, in dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol, in the Midnorth region of the state of Piaui, Brazil. The phytosociological survey of weeds was carried out in three sessions: the first one was immediately before the area was desiccated with glyphosate (15 days before sowing the cowpea), and the others were at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS). Following the quantification of species and number of individuals, the following phytosociological parameters were calculated: frequency and relative frequency; density and relative density; abundance and relative abundance; and importance value index. It was concluded that there were few changes in the floristic composition of the weed community according to the epoch of the phytosociological surveys. The main weed plants at 20 DAS of cowpea (vegetative phase) were 'Chamaesyce hirta, Digitaria insularis, Alternanthera tenella, Cleome affinis, Mollugo verticillata and Portulaca oleracea'. At 40 days (reproductive phase), the weed species with a large establishment and acting as potential competitors with cv. BRS Novaera cowpea were 'Digitaria insularis, Chamaesyce hirta' and 'Mollugo verticillata'.
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