•Helmet CPAP is effective to treat mild and moderate ARDS secondary to SARS COV 2.•Lung recruitment is not the only pathological mechanism responsible of CPAP effect.•Patients that improve PaO2/FiO2 ...ratio after one hour of CPAP have a lower mortality.
During the COVID-19 outbreak, a very high number of infected patients developed pneumonia and many of them complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The optimal management of respiratory failure and the role of lung ultrasound imaging in the evaluation of efficacy of treatment are unknown.
In March 2020 we treated 18 patients with mild and moderate ARDS secondary to SARS-CoV-2 with non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure therapy (NI-CPAP). All patients underwent lung ultrasound imaging to verify the entity of lung recruitment after NI-CPAP initiation.
After one hour of treatment we observed a significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratio in 10 patients. Notably, only 50 % of them reached an effective improvement in lung aeration detectable with lung ultrasound. In the other 50 % or patients the improvement in PaO2/FiO2 might be related to blood redistribution and reverse of hypoxic vasoconstriction.
NI- CPAP is a valid therapeutic option in mild and moderate ARDS secondary SARS-CoV-2. Lung recruitment detected by means of lung ultrasound is a relevant but not the exclusive mechanism that underlies the therapeutic efficacy of NI-CPAP in this clinical setting.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
ABSTRACT The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) is a versatile instrument designed for high angular resolution and high-contrast infrared imaging (1.5-13 m). In this paper, we focus on ...the mid-infrared (8-13 m) nulling mode and present its theory of operation, data reduction, and on-sky performance as of the end of the commissioning phase in 2015 March. With an interferometric baseline of 14.4 m, the LBTI nuller is specifically tuned to resolve the habitable zone of nearby main-sequence stars, where warm exozodiacal dust emission peaks. Measuring the exozodi luminosity function of nearby main-sequence stars is a key milestone to prepare for future exo-Earth direct imaging instruments. Thanks to recent progress in wavefront control and phase stabilization, as well as in data reduction techniques, the LBTI demonstrated in 2015 February a calibrated null accuracy of 0.05% over a 3 hr long observing sequence on the bright nearby A3V star β Leo. This is equivalent to an exozodiacal disk density of 15-30 zodi for a Sun-like star located at 10 pc, depending on the adopted disk model. This result sets a new record for high-contrast mid-infrared interferometric imaging and opens a new window on the study of planetary systems.
Abstract
The young (50–400 Myr) A3V star
β
Leo is a primary target to study the formation history and evolution of extrasolar planetary systems as one of the few stars with known hot (∼1600 K), warm ...(∼600 K), and cold (∼120 K) dust belt components. In this paper, we present deep mid-infrared measurements of the warm dust brightness obtained with the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) as part of its exozodiacal dust survey (HOSTS). The measured excess is 0.47% ± 0.050% within the central 1.5 au, rising to 0.81% ± 0.026% within 4.5 au, outside the habitable zone of
β
Leo. This dust level is 50 ± 10 times greater than in the solar system’s zodiacal cloud. Poynting–Robertson drag on the cold dust detected by Spitzer, and Herschel underpredicts the dust present in the habitable zone of
β
Leo, suggesting an additional delivery mechanism (e.g., comets) or an additional belt at ∼5.5 au. A model of these dust components is provided that implies the absence of planets more than a few Saturn masses between ∼5 au and the outer belt at ∼40 au. We also observationally constrain giant planets with the LBTI imaging channel at 3.8
μ
m wavelength. Assuming an age of 50 Myr, any planet in the system between approximately 5–50 au must be less than a few Jupiter masses, consistent with our dust model. Taken together, these observations showcase the deep contrasts and detection capabilities attainable by the LBTI for both warm exozodiacal dust and giant exoplanets in or near the habitable zone of nearby stars.
The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) enables nulling interferometric observations across the N band (8 to 13 m) to suppress a star's bright light and probe for faint circumstellar ...emission. We present and statistically analyze the results from the LBTI/Hunt for Observable Signatures of Terrestrial Systems survey for exozodiacal dust. By comparing our measurements to model predictions based on the solar zodiacal dust in the N band, we estimate a 1 median sensitivity of 23 zodis times the solar system dust surface density in its habitable zone (HZ; 23 zodis) for early-type stars and 48 zodis for Sun-like stars, where 1 zodi is the surface density of HZ dust in the solar system. Of the 38 stars observed, 10 show significant excess. A clear correlation of our detections with the presence of cold dust in the systems was found, but none with the stellar spectral type or age. The majority of Sun-like stars have relatively low HZ dust levels (best-fit median: 3 zodis, 1 upper limit: 9 zodis, 95% confidence: 27 zodis based on our N band measurements), while ∼20% are significantly more dusty. The solar system's HZ dust content is consistent with being typical. Our median HZ dust level would not be a major limitation to the direct imaging search for Earth-like exoplanets, but more precise constraints are still required, in particular to evaluate the impact of exozodiacal dust for the spectroscopic characterization of imaged exo-Earth candidates.
We report on the first nulling interferometric observations with the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI), resolving the N' band (9.81-12.41 μm) emission around the nearby main-sequence ...star η Crv (F2V, 1-2 Gyr). The measured source null depth amounts to 4.40% ± 0.35% over a field-of-view of 140 mas in radius (~2.6 AU for the distance of η Crv) and shows no significant variation over 35° of sky rotation. This relatively low null is unexpected given the total disk to star flux ratio measured by the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS; ~23% across the N' band), suggesting that a significant fraction of the dust lies within the central nulled response of the LBTI (79 mas or 1.4 AU). Modeling of the warm disk shows that it cannot resemble a scaled version of the solar zodiacal cloud unless it is almost perpendicular to the outer disk imaged by Herschel. It is more likely that the inner and outer disks are coplanar and the warm dust is located at a distance of 0.5-1.0 AU, significantly closer than previously predicted by models of the IRS spectrum (~3 AU). The predicted disk sizes can be reconciled if the warm disk is not centrosymmetric, or if the dust particles are dominated by very small grains. Both possibilities hint that a recent collision has produced much of the dust. Finally, we discuss the implications for the presence of dust for the distance where the insolation is the same as Earth's (2.3 AU).
The Norwegian fishing industry is in the lucky situation that the quotas increase. Russian catches are delivered in Northern Norway and the aquaculture industry has had a tremendous growth over the ...last five years. Nevertheless, several sectors of the fishing industry are experiencing crises, especially in Finnmark, the most fishery dependent county. This paradox is explained by looking at the driving forces behind the globalization of the white fish industry, and the local effects, as they are experienced in the fishery dependent communities. The central process is a decoupling of various local economic activities. As each of the economic actors have tried their own optimizing strategies, an increasing fragmentation and instability is brought into the local communities. If the fishing industry is to be in a position to contribute to employment and settlement in coastal Finnmark in the future, a stronger market orientation among all local actors is necessary.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The young (50-400 Myr) A3V star $\beta$ Leo is a primary target to study the
formation history and evolution of extrasolar planetary systems as one of the
few stars with known hot ...($\sim$1600$^\circ$K), warm ($\sim$600$^\circ$K), and
cold ($\sim$120$^\circ$K) dust belt components. In this paper, we present deep
mid-infrared measurements of the warm dust brightness obtained with the Large
Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) as part of its exozodiacal dust
survey (HOSTS). The measured excess is 0.47\%$\pm$0.050\% within the central
1.5 au, rising to 0.81\%$\pm$0.026\% within 4.5 au, outside the habitable zone
of $\beta$~Leo. This dust level is 50 $\pm$ 10 times greater than in the solar
system's zodiacal cloud. Poynting-Robertson drag on the cold dust detected by
Spitzer and Herschel under-predicts the dust present in the habitable zone of
$\beta$~Leo, suggesting an additional delivery mechanism (e.g.,~comets) or an
additional belt at $\sim$5.5 au. A model of these dust components is provided
which implies the absence of planets more than a few Saturn masses between
$\sim$5 au and the outer belt at $\sim$40 au. We also observationally constrain
giant planets with the LBTI imaging channel at 3.8~$\mu$m wavelength. Assuming
an age of 50 Myr, any planet in the system between approximately 5 au to 50 au
must be less than a few Jupiter masses, consistent with our dust model. Taken
together, these observations showcase the deep contrasts and detection
capabilities attainable by the LBTI for both warm exozodiacal dust and giant
exoplanets in or near the habitable zone of nearby stars.
Intravenous magnesium has proved to be valuable in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and eclampsia, but the specific mode of action is not established. In this study the effect of magnesium ...sulphate (MgSO4) infusion on bleeding time and endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) production in healthy male volunteers was investigated. Thirty-five males (age 18-30 years) randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study were investigated. MgSO4 was given as a bolus (8 mmol, 12 min) followed by continuous infusion (8 mmol in 108 ml saline, 120 min). Control was equal volumes of physiological saline. Heart rate, blood pressure and bleeding time (according to Ivy) were recorded as well as blood concentrations of magnesium and creatinine. Urine PGI2
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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