Language Teachers and Crowdsourcing Zanasi, Lorenzo; Weber, Tassja; Volodina, Elena ...
Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje,
01/2020, Volume:
46, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The paper presents a cross-European survey on teachers and crowdsourcing. The survey examines how familiar language teachers are with the concept of crowdsourcing and addresses their attitude towards ...including crowdsourcing into language teaching activities. The survey was administrated via an online questionnaire and collected volunteers’ data on: (a) teachers’ experience with organizing crowdsourcing activities for students/pupils, (b) the development of crowdsourced resources and materials as well as (c) teachers’ motivation for participating in or employing crowdsourcing activities. The questionnaire was disseminated in over 30 European countries. The final sample comprises 1129 language teachers aged 20 to 65, mostly working at institutions of tertiary education. The data indicates that many participants are not familiar with the concept of crowdsourcing resulting in a low rate of crowdsourcing activities in the classroom. However, a high percentage of responding teachers is potentially willing to crowdsource teaching materials for the language(s) they teach. They are particularly willing to collaborate with other teachers in the creation of interactive digital learning materials, and to select, edit, and share language examples for exercises or tests. Since the inclusion of crowdsourcing activities in language teaching is still in its initial stage, steps for further research are highlighted.
U radu je predstavljeno europsko istraživanje o nastavnicima i gomilizaciji (engl.
crowdsourcing
). U istraživanju je ispitano koliko su nastavnici jezika upoznati s konceptom gomilizacije te su ispitani njihovi stavovi o uključivanju gomilizacije u aktivnosti poučavanja jezika. Istraživanje je provedeno s pomoću mrežnog upitnika, a prikupljani su podatci o: (a) iskustvu nastavnika u organizaciji gomilizacijskih aktivnosti s učenicima/studentima, (b) razvoju gomilizacijskih resursa i materijala, kao i (c) motivaciji nastavnika za sudjelovanjem u gomilizaciji i upotrebi njezinih aktivnosti. Upitnik je distribuiran u više od 30 europskih zemalja. Uzorak obuhvaća 1129 nastavnika jezika u dobi od 20 do 65 godina, koji rade uglavnom u institucijama tercijarnog obrazovanja. Podatci upućuju na to da ispitanici nisu upoznati s konceptom gomilizacije, zbog čega je niska stopa gomilizacijskih aktivnosti u učionici. Međutim, velik je postotak nastavnika koji su voljni sudjelovati u gomilizaciji kako bi se razvili obrazovni sadržaji za jezike koje poučavaju. Posebno su voljni surađivati s drugim nastavnicima u stvaranju interaktivnih digitalnih obrazovnih sadržaja te odabirati, uređivati i dijeliti jezične primjere za vježbe i testove. Budući da je uključivanje gomilizacijskih aktivnosti u poučavanje jezika još u povojima, istaknuti su koraci za daljnja istraživanja.
Prispevek predstavlja rezultate slovenskega dela mednarodne raziskave o odnosu jezikovnih uporabnikov do splošnih enojezičnih slovarjev. Raziskava je potekala leta 2017 v okviru dejavnosti Evropske ...mreže za e-leksikografijo (ENeL). V Sloveniji je vprašalnik izpolnilo 619 posameznic in posameznikov, med katerimi so tako redni slovarski uporabniki kot tisti, ki slovarje uporabljajo redkeje. Rezultati kažejo, da vprašani do slovarskih podatkov najpogosteje in najraje dostopajo s pomočjo računalnika. Slovar se pogosto uporablja za preverbo ustreznosti jezikovnih izbir (lastnih in tujih), vendar njegova referenčnost ni razumljena kot absolutna, saj se ob informacijskih vrzelih uporabniki privzeto obračajo na številne druge vire. Slovar se tipično dojema kot izčrpen vir informacij o slovenščini, namenjen širši javnosti. Simbolna vloga slovarja (avtoriteta, nacionalni simbol) se v uporabniških odgovorih zrcali redkeje, implicitno pa jo nakazuje nenaklonjenost uporabnikov, da bi knjižni slovar oddali ali zavrgli, četudi uporabljajo le digitalno različico. Med vprašanimi vlada močna podpora javnemu financiranju priprave splošnih enojezičnih slovarjev, temu ustrezno pa se brezplačnost slovarja pojavlja že na drugem mestu prioritetnih značilnosti, takoj za zanesljivostjo vsebine. Med prioritetami se pojavita še enostavnost uporabe slovarja ter sodobnost vsebine. Izsledke raziskave je mogoče uporabiti pri razvoju slovarskih virov in za oblikovanje nadaljnjih korakov slovenskih slovaropisnih uporabniških raziskav.
The majority of existing readability measures are designed for English texts. We aim to adapt and test the readability measures on Slovene. We test ten well-known readability formulas and eight ...additional readability criteria on five types of texts: children’s magazines, general magazines, daily newspapers, technical magazines, and transcriptions of national assembly sessions. As these groups of texts target different audiences, we assume that the differences in writing styles should be reflected in their readability scores. Our analysis shows which readability measures perform well on this task and which fail to distinguish between the groups.
This paper is an extended version of a conference paper presenting the categorization of verbal multi-word expressions (VMWEs) according to the PARSEME COST Action Shared Task 1.1 Guidelines. The ...categorization is universal but takes into account the characteristics of the individual languages included in it. The Shared Task was used to annotate over 13,000 sentences of the Slovene ssj500k 2.0 training corpus, which resulted in nearly 3,400 identified VMWEs categorized as inherently reflexive verbs, light verb constructions, inherently adpositional verbs, and verbal idioms. The paper presents both the quantitative and qualitative results of the analysis, compares the suggested categorization system to existing work on VMWEs in Slovene linguistics, and evaluates the use of the proposed system for future work.
Abstract
The article presents the results of a survey on dictionary use in Europe, focusing on general monolingual dictionaries. The survey is the broadest survey of dictionary use to date, covering ...close to 10,000 dictionary users (and non-users) in nearly thirty countries. Our survey covers varied user groups, going beyond the students and translators who have tended to dominate such studies thus far. The survey was delivered via an online survey platform, in language versions specific to each target country. It was completed by 9,562 respondents, over 300 respondents per country on average. The survey consisted of the general section, which was translated and presented to all participants, as well as country-specific sections for a subset of 11 countries, which were drafted by collaborators at the national level. The present report covers the general section.
V prispevku predstavljamo rešitve za prepoznavanje in označevanje zaznamovanega besedišča v okviru koncepta odzivnega Slovarja sopomenk sodobne slovenščine. Ker gre za prvi tovrstni projekt, so ...pripravljene rešitve v veliki meri inovativne, umeščene pa v okvir problematike avtomatske strojne izdelave slovarja, njegove odprtosti in vključenosti uporabniške skupnosti. Prispevek prikazuje postopek prepoznavanja sovražnega in grobega besedišča ter pripis oznak, opozorilnih ikon in daljših pojasnil. Ukvarjamo se tako s tehničnimi kot vsebinskimi vprašanji označevanja. Vsebinsko oznake temeljijo na sporočanjskem namenu in učinku, pri čemer je njihovo bistvo informacija o možnih posledicah rabe, pri tehničnih rešitvah pa veliko pozornost posvečamo digitalnemu mediju in vizualizaciji rešitev v njem. Ker je odzivnost eden ključnih konceptov slovarja, se pri rešitvah glede označevanja zavedamo pomembnosti sodelovanja z uporabniško skupnostjo, zato tudi pri dodajanju oznak predlagamo rešitve za sodelovanje s skupnostjo. Izhodiščni konferenčni prispevek je bil razširjen v vseh poglavjih, dodano pa je povsem novo poglavje o obdelavi večpomenskih iztočnic, njihovi pomenski členitvi in pomenskem opisovanju z zgledi pomenov z negativno zaznamovanostjo.
Poseben tematski sklop letošnje prve številke vsebuje osem kratkih znanstvenih prispevkov, ki pregledno opisujejo trenutno stanje na področju leksikografije na Danskem, Švedskem, Norveškem, Hrvaškem, ...v Grčiji, Baskiji, Estoniji in Braziliji. Prispevki so nastali kot rezultat znanstvenega sodelovanja v evropski mreži ENeL – European Network of e-Lexicography ISCH COST Action IS1305.
The latest reference corpus of written Slovene, the Gigafida corpus, was created as part of the 'Communication in Slovene' project. In the same project, a web concordancer was designed for the ...broadest possible use, and tailored to the needs and abilities of user groups such as translators, writers, proofreaders and teachers. Two years after the corpus was published within the new tool, its features were assessed by the users. With an average rate of 4.36 on a scale between 1 and 5 (1 = I strongly disagree, 5 = I strongly agree), the results indicate that most survey participants agreed or strongly agreed with positive statements about the new implementations (e.g. "The corpus results are displayed in a clear manner"). This is a considerable improvement in user experience from the previous reference corpus of Slovene, i.e. the FidaPLUS corpus within the ASP32 concordancer (rated with 3.67). In the user feedback, the simplicity of search options and the interface clarity are highlighted as the main advantages, while for the future development, advanced visualizations of corpus data and improved search of word-phrases are suggested. The evaluation also highlighted some relevant user habits, such as not taking the time to learn systematically about the tool before they start using it. The findings will be implemented in future editions of the Gigafida corpus, but are relevant to any project that aims at facilitating a wider use of reference corpora and corpus-based resources.
Prispevek predstavlja prvi korak k dopolnjevanju leksikona Sloleks z oblikoslovnimi vzorci, in sicer na primeru samostalnikov. Vzorci so v prvem koraku strojno pridobljeni iz leksikona samega na ...osnovi izbranih razločevalnih lastnosti (oblikoskladenjskih oznak in spremenljivih delov besednih oblik). Sledi ročno razvrščanje, v katerem (a) ločimo sistemsko in v rabi utemeljene vzorce od primerov, ki se pojavljajo spričo šuma pri strojnem luščenju in nedoslednosti v leksikonu Sloleks; (b) uredimo skupine glede na vsebovanost in sorodnost; (c) poiščemo in natančneje opredelimo variantnost, tako pri standardnih kot nestandardnih oblikah; (d) začrtamo korake za nadaljnji razvoj programa in leksikonske nadgradnje. Rezultat je izhodiščni nabor formaliziranih oblikoslovnih vzorcev za (občno- in lastnoimenske) samostalnike, ki prinaša 10 skupin (64 vzorcev) za moški spol, 9 skupin (29 vzorcev) za ženski spol in 8 skupin (20 vzorcev) za srednji spol. Priprava nabora vzorcev je razkrila številne možnosti za izboljšavo leksikona, strojno namenski pogled na pregibanje pa priložnosti za dopolnitev slovničnega opisa slovenščine. V nadaljevanju dela bodo vzorci pripravljeni tudi za preostale besedne vrste in dopolnjeni s korpusnim gradivom. Končna nomenklatura bo vpisana v bazo leksikona Sloleks, v obliki strojno berljivih vzorcev pa bo objavljena tudi na repozitoriju Clarin.si.
The
Thesaurus of Modern Slovene
is a responsive dictionary: it is compiled automatically from existing language resources while further developments of the dictionary include user participation. Many ...of the features introduced by the responsive model are new to the Slovene language community (e.g. data is extracted automatically and includes some errors; nonexperts are involved in dictionary compilation; the resource is never truly finished). With financial support from the Slovene Ministry of culture, a survey was conducted to gauge (potential) user opinions on the new features. The paper presents the results of the survey (n = 671) including statistical analyses of dependencies between the respondents’ opinions and their reported familiarity with the new dictionary, their age, and their professional occupation.
Slovar spomenk sodobne slovenščine
odzivni je rječnik koji je automatski generiran iz postojećih jezičnih resursa, a daljnji razvoj rječnika uključuje sudjelovanje korisnika. Mnoge značajke odzivnoga rječnika nove su slovenskoj jezičnoj zajednici (npr. podatci se crpe automatski i imaju određene pogreške, nestručnjaci sudjeluju u sastavljanju rječnika koji nikad nije u potpunosti završen). Uz financijsku potporu Slovenskoga ministarstva kulture provedeno je istraživanje kako bi se utvrdili stavovi korisnika o tim novim značajkama. U radu se prikazuju rezultati istraživanja (n = 671) uključujući statističku analizu zavisnosti stavova sudionika istraživanja i njihova poznavanja novoga rječnika, dobi i zanimanja.
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