Microplastics (MPs) on lakes have been reported mainly from Europe, Asia, and North America. Then, this study aimed to address the quantification and identification of MPs in nine lakes from the ...Argentine Patagonian Region. Blue colored fibers were dominant, with a size range between 0.2 and <0.4 mm. The mean MPs concentration was 0.9 ± 0.6 MPs m−3, suggesting a low pollution state when compared to other worldwide lakes. Raman microscopy analysis showed a predominance of Indigo Blue Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles. The upper-gradient runoff from urban settlements, textiles, and fisheries were identified as the main MPs sources and levels positively correlated with the higher area, shallower depth, and with an end-position in the watershed. These findings fill a gap in the geographical distribution knowledge, setting a baseline that emphasizes the need for better treatment of urban and fisheries wastes in continental lakes.
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•Dominant microplastics were blue fibers with a size between 0.2 and <0.4 mm.•The mean concentration was 0.9 MPs m−3.•Patagonian lakes showed low MPs pollution when compared to lakes worldwide.•Fibers runoff or airborne deposition from urban settlements was the primary sources.•Raman identification yielded spectra compatible with Indigo Blue, PET, PU, PS and PP.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el papel de las prácticas vocacionales en la ciencia. En particular, se analiza el caso de Amelia Larguía, quien intervino en los debates y discusiones en ...torno a un conjunto de piezas arqueológicas halladas en la década de 1930 en la región del Arroyo Leyes (provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina). Para ello, se recurre a diferentes fuentes documentales conservadas en acervos de distintas ciudades del país, incluidos el inventario y las piezas de la colección arqueológica de Larguía. Como resultado en este artículo se muestra la manera en que los aficionados se insertaron en las redes de circulación de materiales y datos y cómo ciertas prácticas científicas vocacionales contribuyeron a modelar las discusiones y debates centrales de la arqueología en la Argentina entre las décadas de 1930 y 1940.
Literature has suggested that droughts and societies are mutually shaped and, therefore, both require a better understanding of their coevolution on risk reduction and water adaptation. Although the ...São Paulo Metropolitan Region drew attention because of the 2013-2015 drought, this was not the first event. This paper revisits this event and the 1985-1986 drought to compare the evolution of drought risk management aspects. Documents and hydrological records are analyzed to evaluate the hazard intensity, preparedness, exposure, vulnerability, responses, and mitigation aspects of both events. Although the hazard intensity and exposure of the latter event were larger than the former one, the policy implementation delay and the dependency of service areas in a single reservoir exposed the region to higher vulnerability. In addition to the structural and non-structural tools implemented just after the events, this work raises the possibility of rainwater reuse for reducing the stress in reservoirs.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Mycoplasma spp. are wall-less bacteria able to infect mammals and are classified as hemotropic (hemoplasma) and nonhemotropic. In aquatic mammals, hemoplasma have been reported in California sea ...lions (Zalophus californianus) and river dolphins (Inia spp.). We investigated Mycoplasma spp. in blood samples of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus), pinnipeds (5 species), and marine cetaceans (18 species) that stranded or were undergoing rehabilitation in Brazil during 2002–2022. We detected Mycoplasma in blood of 18/130 (14.8%) cetaceans and 3/18 (16.6%) pinnipeds. All tested manatees were PCR-negative for Mycoplasma. Our findings indicate that >2 different hemoplasma species are circulating in cetaceans. The sequences from pinnipeds were similar to previously described sequences. We also detected a nonhemotropic Mycoplasma in 2 Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) that might be associated with microscopic lesions. Because certain hemoplasmas can cause disease and death in immunosuppressed mammals, the bacteria could have conservation implications for already endangered aquatic mammals.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This in vitro study evaluated the effect of commercial whitening dentifrices on erosive tooth wear (ETW) of bovine enamel samples, in comparison with commercial regular dentifrices.
Sixty bovine ...crowns were embedded in acrylic resin, polished and then had their baseline profile determined. They were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=12/group), according to the type of commercial dentifrice to be tested: GI - Crest Anti-cavity Regular; GII - Crest 3D White; GIII - Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint; GIV - Colgate Optic White; GV - Placebo (negative control, fluoride-free dentifrice). The samples were submitted to daily erosive and abrasive challenges for 3 days. The erosive challenges were performed 3 times a day by immersing the specimens in 0.1% citric acid solution (pH 2.5) for 90 s. Each day after the first and last erosive challenges, the specimens were subjected to the abrasive challenge for 15 s, using a toothbrushing machine (Biopdi, São Carlos, SP, Brazil), soft toothbrushes and slurry (1:3 g/ml) of the tested toothpastes (1.5 N). The specimens were kept in artificial saliva between the challenges. The final profile was obtained and the ETW (µm) was calculated. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p<0.05).
All dentifrices tested significantly reduced the enamel wear in comparison with the Placebo, except GIII. The median (95% CI) ETW was 1.35 (1.25-1.46)bc for GI, 1.17 (1.01-1.34)cd for GII, 1.36 (1.28-1.45)ab for GIII, 1.08 (1.04-1.14)d for GIV and 2.28 (2.18-2.39)a for GV.
When dentifrices from the same manufacturer were compared, the whitening dentifrices led to similar or less wear than the regular ones.
Este trabajo se concentra en las prácticas científicas vinculadas a la formación de colecciones, considerando su articulación con distintas prácticas comerciales, la recolección de los objetos en “el ...campo” y el papel de diferentes individuos que intervienen en la obtención y recopilación de los objetos. Para examinar estas cuestiones, se analizan las publicaciones y la documentación de la médica y exploradora austriaca Wanda Hanke. Sus actividades son comprendidas en un contexto de expansión de los museos en diferentes ciudades y provincias en las décadas de 1930 y 1940. El análisis permite comparar sus prácticas con las de aquellos personajes itinerantes que desde el siglo XIX recorrieron el continente sudamericano adoptando la identidad de explorador, pero también desarrollando prácticas ligadas a la medicina, el periodismo y el mercado del coleccionismo, articulando actividades científicas y mercantiles alrededor del conocimiento y de los objetos de pueblos indígenas.
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis that affects warm-blooded animals, including humans. Wild animals can act as intermediate hosts of this pathogen; thus, this study aims to detect
Toxoplasma ...gondii
infection in invasive European brown hares in Brazil. For this, 72 wild European brown hares were captured from July 2020 to June 2022 in three Brazilian states: São Paulo, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul. The diagnostic of
Toxoplasma gondii
infection was performed by bioassay in mouse, histopathology in Hematoxylin-Eosin-stained tissue sections (brain, liver, lungs, kidneys, and small intestine), serology by IFAT, and molecular techniques by conventional PCR and qPCR. The combined prevalence of the different diagnostic methods was 51.4% (37/72, CI= 40.1 - 62.6 %), and there was no statistical difference between sexes, age range, or geographical region of the hosts. Mouse bioassay was the technique that detected more positive hares. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of
Toxoplasma gondii
infection in invasive European brown hares in Brazil. These animals act as reservoirs and potential infection source for carnivores and other wild and domestic animals, including humans, thus contributing to perpetuate the disease cycle in São Paulo, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul States. Research such as the present study is necessary to raise awareness about the role of animals in the disease cycle.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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Low-level fluoride exposure reduces glycemia in NOD mice Malvezzi, Maria Aparecida Pereira Nunes; Pereira, Heloisa Aparecida Barbosa Silva; Dionizio, Aline ...
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,
01/2019, Volume:
168
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Water fluoridation is the most widespread measure to prevent dental caries but its relationship with the development of type-1 diabetes (T1D), which has been increasing by 2–5% worldwide, is not ...quite well understood.
This study evaluated if fluoride (F) administered in the drinking water can prevent or reduce the development of T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms.
Twenty-four weaning NOD mice received water containing 0, 10 or 50 ppm F for 21 days. Plasma glucose and insulin were analyzed. Quantitative proteomic analysis was conducted in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle.
Animals treated with 10 ppm F had significantly lower glucose levels than the control group, but there was no significant difference among the groups in relation to insulin. The % of β-cell function was significantly higher in the 10 ppm F group. Changes in the proteomic profile of muscle and liver were seen among the groups. In the muscle, the 10 ppm F group presented, when compared with control, increased expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism. The 50 ppm F group, compared with control, presented increased expression of proteins related to muscle contraction, differentiation of brown adipose tissue and apoptosis. For the liver, the 10 ppm F group had increase in proteins involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis, in respect to control. There was also an increase in isoforms of Glutathione S transferase, which was confirmed by Western blotting. In the group treated with 50 ppm F, proteins related to ROS metabolism and energetic metabolism were altered.
Increased expression of antioxidant proteins by treatment with low F concentration may possibly help to explain protection against the development of T1D, which should be better explored in future mechanistic studies.
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•Water containing 10 mg/L fluoride reduces glycemia in NOD mice.•Low-fluoride water alters protein expression in liver and muscle of NOD mice.•Liver GSH is increased upon exposure to low-fluoride water.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The wild boar, an impactful invasive species in Brazil, is subject to population control activities, which often include the use of hunting dogs. Hunters commonly consume wild boar meat, which is ...also used to feed their dogs, posing a risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection for humans and both T. gondii and Neospora caninum for dogs. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infection in wild boars (n = 127) and hunting dogs (n = 73) from São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná states. We employed histopathological, serological (indirect fluorescent antibody test), and molecular techniques (endpoint polymerase chain reaction). Histopathology slides of wild boar tissue (central nervous system, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lymph nodes, and thyroid) sections revealed no T. gondii or N. caninum cysts (0/47). Antibodies anti-T. gondii were detected in 35/108 (32.4%) and anti-N. caninum in 45/108 (41.7%) wild boars. Only 2/18 (11.1%) wild boar tissue homogenate samples tested positive for T. gondii on endpoint PCR. Hunting dogs showed antibodies against T. gondii in 62/73 (85%) and against N. caninum in 31/73 (42%). The presence of antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum in wild boars and hunting dogs, along with T. gondii DNA detection in wild boars, indicates the circulation of these parasites. Educating hunters on preventing these foodborne diseases, including zoonotic risks, is crucial.
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•Toxoplasma gondii's overall prevalence in wild boars from Brazil was 27.6%.•Neospora caninum's seroprevalence in wild boars from Brazil was 41.7%.•T. gondii's seroprevalence in hunting dogs from Brazil was 85%.•N. caninum's seroprevalence in hunting dogs from Brazil was 42%.•N. caninum infection was more frequent in female wild boars.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
El estudio de las propiedades estructurales y funcionales del cerebro en Homo sapiens, así como en otros primates no-humanos, constituye un tema fundante en la tradición de investigación de la ...antropología biológica. Sin embargo, el cuestionamiento temprano a la perspectiva tipológico-racial condujo al abandono de los análisis intraespecíficos, limitando fuertemente su integración a las neurociencias. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis histórico crítico de las investigaciones sobre el cerebro, enfatizando en las poblaciones humanas actuales, realizadas desde la antropología biológica y las neurociencias -particularmente en biomedicina-. Finalmente, se discuten líneas de diálogo que podrían fortalecer a ambas áreas. Se concluye que el corpus ontológico y teórico-metodológico empleado por la antropología biológica para la generación de conocimientos sobre los patrones de variación espaciotemporal en rasgos fenotípicos y genéticos, así como de los procesos evolutivos y factores ambientales que los modelaron resulta un aporte significativo para los estudios desarrollados por las neurociencias.
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