People are guided by the roles they assume in their everyday lives. Roles are cognitive schemas that are associated with specific goals and expectations that organize and guide individuals' ...perception and preferences. The social roles individuals assume affect their goals, which in turn affect their point of view and preferences. We propose and show that role schemas are malleable, allowing individuals to shift from one schema to another depending on the role they assume at the moment of judgment. Drawing on role theory and theories of espoused organizational values, we show that matching between the goals derived from a specific role and espoused organizational values influence the preferences of individuals toward an organization. An experiment with 476 working adults and students in three countries, found that individual assumed role (as a potential employee or an investor) and espoused organizational values (embeddedness-autonomy, egalitarianism-hierarchy, and mastery-harmony) affected individuals' preferences to invest or work in organizations. Our findings suggest that role-specific goals are important drivers of how individuals perceive organizations, and that individuals seek "fit" between organizational values and their role-specific goals. Finally, we discuss supplementary analyses testing the classical notion of value-based person-organization fit.
Public Significance Statement
In this research we show that the role individuals assume when coming across organizations (e.g., work candidates, investors or consumers) influences their preferences for organizations. For example, although investors prefer highly competitive organizations, work candidates prefer organizations that highlight sensitivity to the social and physical surrounding. This research reveals the power of espoused organizational values in creating a desired image for the organization.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Individuals process information and make decisions in different ways. Some plan carefully and analyze information systematically, whereas others follow their instincts and do what “feels right.” We ...aimed to deepen our understanding of the meaning of the intuitive versus systematic cognitive styles. Study 1 (N = 130, 39% female, Mage = 24) compared cognitive styles of arts, accounting, and mathematics students. Cognitive styles were associated with values (Study 2: N = 154, 123, 78; female = 59%, 49%, 85.9%; Mage = 22, 23, 27) and traits (Study 3: N = 77, 140, 151; female = 59%, 66%, 46%; Mage = 22, 25, 23), and they interacted with experience in predicting performance (Study 4: N = 63, 48% female, Mage = 23; Study 5: N = 44, 39% female, Mage = 23). All participants were Caucasian Israeli students. The systematic style was most frequent among accountants, and the intuitive style was most frequent among artists, validating the meaning of the styles. Systematic style was positively correlated with Conscientiousness and with security values and negatively correlated with stimulation values. The intuitive style had the opposite pattern and was also positively correlated with Extraversion. Experience improved rule‐based performance among systematic individuals but had no effect on intuitive ones. Cognitive style is consistent with other personal attributes (traits and values), with implications for decision making and task performance.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Some researchers refer to intuition as a multi-dimensional construct while others refer to it as a uni-dimensional construct. In the spirit of Hoffrage and Marewski's (2015) discussion of the various ...aspects of intuition, we call for finer distinctions between multiple dimensions. We further review evidence suggesting that several dimensions can be separated on an empirical basis. We hope to inspire more theoretical and empirical research on the multi-dimensionality of intuition.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PEFLJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its related economic meltdown and social unrest severely challenged most countries, their societies, economies, organizations, and individual citizens. Focusing on ...both more and less successful country-specific initiatives to fight the pandemic and its multitude of related consequences, this chapter explores implications for leadership and effective action at the individual, organizational, and societal levels. As international management scholars and consultants, the authors document actions taken and their wide-ranging consequences in a diverse set of countries, including countries that have been more or less successful in fighting the pandemic, are geographically larger and smaller, are located in each region of the world, are economically advanced and economically developing, and that chose unique strategies versus strategies more similar to those of their neighbors. Cultural influences on leadership, strategy, and outcomes are described for 19 countries. Informed by a cross-cultural lens, the authors explore such urgent questions as: What is most important for leaders, scholars, and organizations to learn from critical, life-threatening, society-encompassing crises and grand challenges? How do leaders build and maintain trust? What types of communication are most effective at various stages of a crisis? How can we accelerate learning processes globally? How does cultural resilience emerge within rapidly changing environments of fear, shifting cultural norms, and profound challenges to core identity and meaning? This chapter invites readers and authors alike to learn from each other and to begin to discover novel and more successful approaches to tackling grand challenges. It is not definitive; we are all still learning.
Using a geometric formalism of elasticity theory we develop a systematic theoretical framework for shaping and manipulating the energy landscape of slender solids, and consequently their mechanical ...response to external perturbations. We formally express global mechanical properties associated with non-Euclidean thin sheets in terms of their local rest lengths and rest curvatures, and we interpret the expressions as both forward and inverse problems for designing the desired mechanical properties. We show that by wisely designing geometric frustration, anomalous mechanical properties can be encoded into a material using accessible experimental techniques. To test the methodology we derive a family of ribbon-springs with extreme mechanical behavior such as tunable, anharmonic, and even vanishing rigidities. The presented formalism can be discretized, offering a new methodology for designing mechanical properties and thus opens a new pathway for the design of both continuum and discrete solids and structures.
A geometric theory for manipulating energy landscapes and mechanical properties of thin elastic sheets.
Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is an important tick-borne disease of equids, caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. It is endemic in most parts of the world, including Israel, and has clinical and ...economic consequences. This study was set to evaluate the presence of EP parasites in domestic donkeys and in wild equids in Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). To assess subclinical EP infection in 98 domestic donkeys (Equus africanus asinus), 9 Asiatic wild donkeys (Equus hemionus), 8 zebras (Equus quagga), 7 African wild donkeys (Equus africanus) and 5 mules, were tested using PCR and qPCR. Positive samples were characterized by amplification and sequencing of a 1600 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA gene. Babesia caballi was not detected in any of the animals. Theileria equi was detected in 32% of the donkeys, 89% of Asiatic wild donkeys, 57% of African wild donkeys, 62% of zebras and none of the mules. Parasitemia was low in all of the positive samples. Risk factors associated with infection in donkeys included one farm (Kiryat Gat) and animal sex (male). The sequences of the 18S rRNA gene from domestic donkeys were all similar, and belonged to the T. equi genotype D, similar to the genotype sequenced from horses in the same area, while sequences from wild donkeys were unique and belonged to the T. equi genotype A. Verification of the T. equi genotype in zebras could not be concluded, suggesting major genetic variation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
