We report the synthesis of monolayered g-C3N4 from bulk g-C3N4 via ultrasonication where the monolayered g-C3N4 dispersions remained stable for nearly two months due to effective production of ...ultra-small-sized layered g-C3N4. A g-C3N4 thin film was fabricated with the utilization of as-prepared dispersion. The fabrication method involved spin coating the dispersion followed by drying at low temperatures of ∼150 °C. The photoelectrochemical performance obtained via this research is comparable with those via other methods of deposition, reaching the value of 1.4 μA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE). The g-C3N4 maintained its intrinsic n-type properties and was activated under positive applied bias with minimum amount of dark current. The selection of pure methanol as disperser not only yielded excellent spreadability of the dispersion on substrate but also quickened the drying time. The developed method in this research provided an effective framework for a surpassingly facile and quick fabrication of monolayered g-C3N4 photoelectrodes.
•G-C3N4 thin films were fabricated by spin-coating technique.•2D G-C3N4 was prepared by liquid exfoliation in methanol.•Quenched NH bonds were observed for 2D g-C3N4 compared with bulk g-C3N4.•2D G-C3N4 resulted in more uniform thin films compared with bulk g-C3N4.•The photocurrent of 1.4 μAcm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE) were achieved for 2D g-C3N4.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This paper reports the synthesis and
cytotoxicity evaluation of isatin-pyrrole derivatives
, obtained from the appropriate isatins with pyrrole, with good yields and purity. The product structures ...were confirmed through spectroscopy methods. Furthermore, the MTT assay on the human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines revealed moderate activity in all compounds, which was highest in sample
(IC
0.47 µM). The anticancer activity was affiliated with the presence of a nitro group at C-5 and
-methyl of the isatin scaffold.
Various characterization techniques are used in the study of materials in order to understand their properties. Data and observation recording characterization of a material is done by researchers ...for various properties within various environments. One of the many properties that make a material attractive for use in certain devices is hygroscopicity. Various techniques for characterizing hygroscopicity have been developed and utilized. However, since these techniques are not usually the highlights of studies, there has been limited acknowledgement of the usefulness of hygroscopicity testing. This review introduces several established characterization techniques allowing researchers to fully characterize materials in terms of their hygroscopicity. The full potential of hygroscopic materials can be seen in their use in various fiber sensors. The deformation of materials upon exposure to water molecules can be utilized to perturb sensing elements in fiber sensors, allowing the user to take full advantage of the hygroscopicity of the material.
Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) have been used in a wide variety of applications as sensors and electronic displays and for solar harvesting for the past decades. TCOs are made of conductive ...materials such as metals. Many studies have been conducted to improve the properties of materials for TCOs. The properties that make a TCO effective are high transmittance and low resistivity. The current commercialized TCO is indium tin oxide (ITO), which has excellent transmittance and lower resistivity than other TCOs such as zinc oxide. Indium is expensive as its availability is becoming more limited over time. As such, studies to find an alternative material to ITO are continuing. Perovskite-structure materials are a candidate material with acceptable optoelectric properties. Perovskites have a wide band gap of ∼3.0eV and high transmittance along with exceptionally low resistance. The first part of this paper mainly discusses the progress and development of perovskite-structured TCO as well as materials modification by doping.
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) possesses unique nanostructures. Most ZnO nanostructures have yet seen its use as coating for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The properties of zinc oxide nanostructure can be ...greatly influenced by different additives added with the precursor. This study reports on the influence of different concentration of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) additive towards the humidity sensing capability of zinc oxide coated on FBG sensors. The synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructure was through a modified hydrothermal method. Morphology observation has confirmed a unique hybrid of nanoflake, and porous hemispherical growth of zinc oxide accompanied with elemental analysis for validation. Sensor response towards change in relative humidity is improved by 400% with functional range between 40 and 80 RH%. The concentration of HMT to achieve such performance is 0.05 M with a zinc acetate precursor. The device shows potency with its hybrid nanostructure when integrated with FBG based humidity sensor. Due to its functional range, it can detect relative humidity contents in the air for various industries. The fabricated sensing device is suited for use in industries with several magnetic equipment and requiring many sensor nodes for mapping of data.
•Investigation of different concentration of HMT additive towards the humidity sensing capability of zinc oxide coated on FBG type optical sensors.•Morphology observation has confirmed a unique hybrid of nanoflake, and porous hemispherical growth of zinc oxide nanostructure.•Sensor response towards change in RH is improved by 400% with functional range between 40 and 80 RH%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This research was conducted with the aim of improving and strengthening the quality of existing Human Resources in developing Small and Medium Industries (IKM), namely in the batik industry in ...Jatipelem Village, Diwek District, Jombang Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The main problems found in this study are the absence of special design characteristics for Jatipelem batik, a lack of understanding of the concept of organizational management, a lack of capital for SMEs, the role of batik associations is not optimal, and digital sales are not optimal. The results of the study show that training and mentoring programs are needed in order to improve the quality of existing human resources, which include batik product design training, organizational management training, Business Model Canvas (BMC) training, IKM financial training, and digital marketing training.
’-(5-nitro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiophene-2-carbohydrazide
was successfully synthesized as a ligand, then grafted onto the surface of mesoporous silica
an aminopropyl bridge. The successful ...grafting of ligand
onto the hybrid nanomaterial (
) was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. On excitation at 276 and 370 nm, the ligand
and the hybrid nanomaterial
showed a strong and narrow emission peak centered at 533 nm. By dispersing
in an aqueous solution containing metal ions, the resulting solid materials showed a higher binding of
sensing site to Fe
ions as compared to the others with a quench of the emission intensity up to 84%. This result showed that the hybrid nanomaterial is a potential chemosensor that requires development for the detection of metal ions.
Sensors play a large role in monitoring and ensuring that environmental parameters satisfy industrial requirements. They offer crucial safety measures in the early detection of hazards. Conventional ...electrical sensors possess several drawbacks that hinder their use in environmental sensing. Research has explored and optimized optical-based sensors because they are more robust, immune to electromagnetic interference and offer multiplexing capabilities for sensor arrays accompanied by ease of modification to cater to different measurands. Fibre Bragg grating is the perturbation of the refractive index imprinted within the core of an optic fibre via an intense UV laser. The gratings, when perturbed by external parameter changes, will induce a shift in their wavelength, indicating detection. With modifications such as hygroscopic coating and different grating profile imprinting, FBG can detect various physical and chemical parameters. Environmental, pharmaceutical and biochemical fields can benefit from FBG sensing because their parameters affect not only their product quality but also the lives of consumers. This review discusses some of the FBG sensors that have been proposed to serve in environmental and biochemical applications.
This paper presents a humidity sensing based on perovskites nanostructured thin film for improved sensitivity and optical performance. The nickel-doped zinc thin oxide (NZTO) perovskites thin film ...was used as a sensing material for the humidity sensing application. The NZTO was deposited on borosilicate glass substrates via aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) and nickel (Ni) dopant with 2 %mol was added into the precursor solution. The optical performance was investigated by inserting the NZTO into the optical reflection cavity. The cavity comprises NZTO on the glass that placed in a fixed position in front of single-mode fiber (SMF) and SMF was adjusted using x-direction of the 3-axis stage to obtained different cavity lengths. The performance was evaluated from the free-spectral range (FSR) and extinction ratio (ER) of the different cavity lengths. Then, the cavity with an optimized length was placed inside the humidity chamber for sensing applications. The result shows that the optimized cavity length is 100 µm with FSR and ER of 12.05 nm and 7.247 dB. The sensitivity of the humidity sensing is 0.2657 nm/RH% indicates that the NZTO is an excellent candidate for humidity sensing application.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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