Phototherapy with low-level coherent light (laser) has been reported as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory as well as having a positive effect in tissue repair in orthodontics. However, there are few ...clinical studies using low-level LED therapy (non-coherent light). The aim of the present study was to analyze the pain symptoms after orthodontic tooth movement associated with and not associated with coherent and non-coherent phototherapy. Fifty-five volunteers (mean age = 24.1 ± 8.1 years) were randomly divided into four groups: G1 (control), G2 (placebo), G3 (protocol 1: laser, InGaAlP, 660 nm, 4 J/cm
2
, 0.03 W, 25 s), G4 (protocol 2: LED, GaAlAs, 640 nm with 40 nm full-bandwidth at half-maximum, 4 J/cm
2
, 0.10 W, 70 s). Separators were used to induce orthodontic pain and the volunteers pain levels were scored with the visual analog scale (VAS) after the separator placement, after the therapy (placebo, laser, or LED), and after 2, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. The laser group did not have statistically significant results in the reduction of pain level compared to the LED group. The LED group had a significant reduction in pain levels between 2 and 120 h compared to the control and the laser groups. The LED therapy showed a significant reduction in pain sensitivity (an average of 56%), after the orthodontic tooth movement when compared to the control group.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Cellulite is a morphological alteration of the tegument tissue, directly interfering in self-esteem with etiology and pathophysiology far from being a consensus. Although the visual diagnosis of ...cellulitis is well known, it does not represent the real pathological condition of the subcutaneous tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis that the more heterogeneous tissue pattern analyzed by infrared thermography, the more severe is the cellulite grade. Forty female participants were selected and 60 thighs were analyzed by clinical anamnesis and infrared thermography. Classical visual analysis was correlated to the tissue heterogeneity measured by thermography.
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Spearman’s correlation between visual evaluation and thermography was 0.92. Phototype presented a negative significant correlation of 0.67 with classical visual analysis. In the present study, we presented a simple method based on infrared thermography that can be adopted in any esthetics office with a correlation of 0.92 with the visual classic evaluation, but, besides, may be very helpful to the clinician to decide which treatment will be adopted, i.e., an aggressive and inflammatory approach such as the radiofrequency of shockwave therapy or an anti-inflammatory approach such as photobiomodulation, depending on the inflammatory status of cellulite.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This case report aims to evaluate the treatment of Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) of muscular origin by associating facial massage (FM), dry needling (DN), and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). The ...pre- and post-treatment evaluations consisted of clinical examinations based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for TMD, pain intensity quantification by means of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), mandibular movement measurement, and electromyographic (EMG) analysis of the masseter and temporal muscles. Post-therapy assessment indicated a decrease in pain sites of 58%, in pain intensity mean (1.3), and an increase in the maximum aperture of 10 mm, in addition to normalization of EMG signals. We conclude that, after application of the treatment protocol, there was a decrease in painful sites, gain in amplitude of mandibular movements, and normalization of EMG activity.
The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the paretic upper limb in post-stroke patients with spastic hemiparesis and to understand the potential of PBM ...as a long-term non-invasive therapy for reducing the side effects caused by spasticity in the hemiparetic upper limb after a stroke. This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial constituted of 27 participants, being Control group (CG = 12 healthy individuals) and PBM group (PBMG = 15 post-stroke individuals). In the CG, the baseline blood lactate (BL) was evaluated, followed by the evaluation of the IC torque of the biceps and triceps muscles, with the isokinetic dynamometer associated with surface electromyography (EMG) and, subsequently, a new measurement of BL. The PBMG received 10 sessions of treatment with PBM (780 nm, Power: 100 mV, Power Density: 3.18 W/cm
2
, Energy: 4 J, Fluency: 127.4 J/cm
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, Time: 40 s per point and 1.280 s total, Spot: 0.0314 cm
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, 32 Points: 16 points (brachial biceps) and 16 points (brachial triceps) applied with contact at 90°, Total Energy: 64 J), which in the pre-treatment evaluation measured BL, the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain; torque and EMG of the same muscles in the IC, subsequently, a new measurement of VAS and BL, and measurement of range of motion (ROM) during the reaching movement. At the conclusion of the ten sessions, all participants underwent a reassessment, wherein all tests originally administered during the initial evaluation were repeated. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. For related data, the paired t-test was used for normal distributions and the Wilcoxon test for non-normal data. For unrelated data, the t test was used for normal distributions and the Mann–Whitney test for non-normal data. Muscle torque was higher for the CG, with a significant difference (CGxPBMG =
p
< 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the EMG values of the CG in relation to the Pre-PBM phase and with the Post-PBM phase of the PBMG (
p
> 0.05). On the other hand, there was a 38% reduction in pain reported by hemiparetic patients (
p
= 0.0127) and a decrease in BL in the PBMG. Post-PBM ROM increased by 46.1% in the elbow extension of the paretic limb. In conclusion, Photobiomodulation (PBM) demonstrated significant improvements in muscle performance, reducing fatigue and pain levels, and enhancing range of motion in post-stroke patients with spastic hemiparesis. These findings support the potential integration of PBM into rehabilitation protocols, but further research and clinical trials are needed to validate and expand upon these promising outcomes.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Whole body vibration (WBV) has been widely used as a modality for physical activity. In fact, WBV has been used for physical rehabilitation, and to improve muscle performance; but there is little ...information about its effects on heart rate variability (HRV).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vibration on HRV of the elderly using the vibratory platform.
Eleven older adults (7 men, 4 women), aged between 60 and 75 years, were subjected to WBV. The study consisted of a single session of WBV with volunteers standing upright for 10 min on the oscillating platform, with frequency of vibration set at 20 Hz (displacement ± 6 mm; orbital vibration). Pre (baseline) and post-WBV electrocardiograph signals were acquired using a cardiac monitor; and data were statistically analyzed using paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test, as appropriate.
The results demonstrated an increase in SDNN (standard deviation (SD) beat-to-beat, N–N intervals), rMSSD (square root of the mean squared difference of successive N–Ns) and pNN50 (proportion of N–N50 divided by total number of N–Ns) post WBV (p = 0.032, p = 0.024 e p = 0.044, respectively), compared to baseline. The present study thus demonstrated that time domain variables (i.e., SDNN, rMSSD, and pNN50) increase post WBV.
Older individuals are at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. As seen in the study, WBV improves HRV; and may help reduce risk of cardiac ailments. Moreover, WBV does not require extensive physical activity on the part of the participant. This makes WBV potentially beneficial to the elderly population. Further studies on WBV using different frequencies and training schedules may improve its applicability in clinics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe, in the mothers’ perception, the experiences lived by families in the care of children with autism spectrum disorder. Method: Qualitative study, carried out with 20 ...mothers of children diagnosed with autistic disorder accompanied by an institution in Teresina-Piauí, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between February and March 2019 and subjected to content analysis. Results: Five central ideas related to the stages experienced by family members after the diagnosis were identified, ranging from denial to acceptance. Family members and caregivers experience feelings of sadness and mourning for the discovery of the impossibility of curing the syndrome, revealing the need for care for this family. The search for help and adaptations of the routine are constant experiences. Conclusion: Caring for children who live with autistic disorder involves learning ranging from structural to emotional aspects, such as dealing with limitations and impossibility of cure, pointing out to the need for family care.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever, na percepção das mães, as experiências vivenciadas por famílias no cuidado de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Método: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 20 mães de crianças diagnosticadas com transtorno autístico, acompanhadas por uma instituição em Teresina, Piauí. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas entre fevereiro e março de 2019, e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram identificadas cinco ideias centrais relacionadas aos estágios vividos pelos familiares após o diagnóstico, desde a negação até a aceitação. Familiares e cuidadores vivenciam sentimentos de tristeza e luto pela descoberta da impossibilidade de cura da síndrome, revelando a necessidade de cuidado para com essa família. A busca por ajuda e as adaptações da rotina são vivências constantes. Conclusão: Cuidar de crianças com transtorno autístico envolve aprendizados que vão dos aspectos estruturais aos emocionais, como lidar com as limitações e impossibilidade de cura, apontando para a necessidade de um cuidado familiar.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir, en la percepción de las madres, las experiencias vividas por las familias en el cuidado de niños con trastorno del espectro autista. Método: Estudio cualitativo, realizado con 20 madres de niños diagnosticados de trastorno autista acompañados de una institución en Teresina-Piauí, Brasil. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas se realizaron entre febrero y marzo de 2019 y se sometieron a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se identificaron cinco ideas centrales relacionadas con las etapas vividas por los familiares luego del diagnóstico, que van desde la negación hasta la aceptación. Los familiares y cuidadores experimentan sentimientos de tristeza y duelo por el descubrimiento de la imposibilidad de curar el síndrome, revelando la necesidad de cuidar a esta familia. La búsqueda de ayuda y adaptaciones de la rutina son experiencias constantes. Conclusión: Cuidar a los niños que viven con trastorno autista implica aprender que van desde los aspectos estructurales hasta los emocionales, cómo afrontar las limitaciones y la imposibilidad de cura, apuntando a la necesidad del cuidado familiar.
To evaluate the effect of human amniotic membrane (hAM) fragment on inflammatory response, proliferation of fibroblast and organization of collagen fibers in injured tendon.
Sixty rats were divided ...into 3 groups: C - surgical procedures without tendon lesion and with simulation of hAM application; I - surgical procedures, tendon injury and simulation of hAM application; T - surgical procedures, tendon injury and hAM application. These groups were subdivided into four experimental times (3, 7, 14 and 28 days). The samples underwent histological analysis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
Histological analysis at 14 days, the T group showed collagen fibers with better alignment. At 28 days, the I group presented the characteristics described for the T group at 14 days, while this group presented aspects of a mature connective tissue. FT-IR analysis showed a clear distinction among the three groups at all experimental times and groups T and I presented more similarities to each other than to group C.
Acute injury of tendon treated with human amniotic membrane fragment showed a faster healing process, reduction in inflammatory response, intense proliferation of fibroblasts and organization of collagen fibers.
To evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy isolated and associated with Calendula officinalis oil in treating diabetic foot ulcers.
An experimental, randomized, controlled, prospective, ...interventional clinical case study using a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 32 diabetic patients of both genders. Participants were randomly divided into four groups. Doppler Ultrasound evaluation of the Ankle-Brachial Index, brief pain inventory and analog pain scale were performed at baseline and after 30 days.
Reduced pain was observed in the Low-level laser therapy and Low-level laser therapy associated with Essential Fatty Acids groups (p<0.01). Regarding the Ankle-Brachial Index and Doppler Ultrasound, all groups remained stable. By analyzing lesion area reduction, Low-level laser therapy associated with Essential fatty acids group showed a significance of p=0.0032, and the Low-level laser therapy group showed p=0.0428.
Low-level laser therapy, performed alone or associated with the Calendula officinalis oil was effective in relieving pain and accelerating the tissue repair process of diabetic foot.
Avaliar os efeitos da Terapia a Laser de Baixa Intensidade isolada e associada ao óleo de Calendula officinalis no reparo de úlceras em pé diabético.
Estudo de caso clínico, experimental, controlado, randomizado, prospectivo, intervencional, de caráter quantitativo. A amostra foi composta de 32 pacientes diabéticos, de ambos os gêneros. Os participantes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. Ultrassom Doppler, avaliação do Índice Tornozelo-Braquial, Inventário breve de dor e escala de dor analógica foram realizados no início e após 30 dias.
Houve redução da dor nos grupos Terapia a Laser de Baixa Intensidade e Terapia a Laser de Baixa intensidade associada aos Ácidos Graxos Essenciais, com p<0,01. Quanto ao Índice Tornozelo-Braquial e Ultrassom Doppler, todos os grupos mantiveram-se estáveis. Na análise da redução de área da lesão, o grupo Terapia a Laser de Baixa Intensidade associada aos Ácidos Graxos Essenciais apresentou uma significância p=0,0032, e o grupo Terapia a Laser de Baixa Intensidade, p=0,0428.
A Terapia a Laser de Baixa Intensidade, realizada tanto isoladamente quanto associada ao óleo de Calendula officinalis, foi eficaz no alívio da dor e na aceleração do processo de reparo tecidual de pé diabético.
To investigate the effect of Brassica oleracea herbal balsam on the healing of skin wounds in rats.
Twenty four rats (Wistar, 60 days, 250 g) were divided into four groups: untreated animals (C) and ...treated with the ointment (T), subdivided into two experimental times (seven and 16 days). A 3cm² skin wound was made in the back of all animals. 100 ml of the Brassica oleracea was applied twice a day in T group. Biometric analysis was made with images captured at one, four, seven, ten, 13, and 16 days. At seven and 16 days, animals of each group were euthanized. The wound area removed was processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis to quantify birefringent collagen fibers. Statistical analysis was made considering p < 0.05 as significant.
Biometric analysis revealed no significant differences between groups in both experimental times studied. However, histomorphometric analysis showed that the number of type I collagen fibers was significantly higher in the specimens of the group T16 compared to the other groups.
Brassica oleracea accelerated the wound healing process increasing the number of type I collagen fibers and the maturity of the newly formed tissue.
An ulcer is an injury that affects the skin and has many causes. Healing is a way of protecting the body against any infectious agent that tries to infect you through the wound. Low level laser (LLL) ...in the treatment of ulcers, aims at maintaining the stability of the physiological process of tissue repair and ultrasound (US) acts by increasing the elasticity of tissue and scarring. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of LLL and US in wound healing of ulcers induced in mice.
In this experimental study, a sample of 36 guinea pigs was divided into 6 groups of 6 mice, 2 groups as control (C7) and (C14), 2 treated with laser (GL7) and (GL14) and the others 2 treated with ultrasound (GU7) and (GU14). The ulcer was induced and after 7 days, 6 mice from each group were sacrificed to obtain the histological sections for analysis, and the remaining 6 mice from each group continued under treatment and in day 14, they were sacrificed to obtain histologic specimens while macroscopic image was also carried out.
Three aspects were analyzed, the percentage of wound regression where it was observed that there was a significant difference in the first 7 days. Regarding the inflammatory process, it was observed that in the first 7 days GL7 and GU7 improved significantly and within 14 days of the experimental period GU14 showed a significant difference when compared to C14. The number of fibroblasts present in the GL at 7 days showed a significant difference compared to the others, and at 14 days, the US group had a significant difference compared to the other groups.
Thus, it was evident that the US had more effective results with anti-inflammatory action, better organization and increased deposition of collagen and fibroblasts. Therefore, it can be concluded that other studies are consistent with this taking into account the laser must be used during the early days of the initial healing process and the US during the end of this process.
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