Harriet Tubman's social activism as well as her efforts as a
soldier, nurse, and spy have been retold in countless books and
films and have justly elevated her to iconic status in American
history. ...Given her fame and contributions, it is surprising how
little is known of her later years and her continued efforts for
social justice, women's rights, and care for the elderly. Tubman
housed and cared for her extended family, parents, brothers,
sisters, nieces, and nephews, as well as many other African
Americans seeking refuge. Ultimately her house just outside of
Auburn, New York, would become a focal point of Tubman's expanded
efforts to provide care to those who came to her seeking shelter
and support, in the form of the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged.
In this book, Armstrong reconstructs and interprets Tubman's public
and private life in freedom through integrating his archaeological
findings with historical research. The material record Tubman left
behind sheds vital light on her life and the ways in which she
interacted with local and national communities, giving readers a
fuller understanding of her impact on the lives of African
Americans. Armstrong's research is part of a wider effort to
enhance public interpretation and engagement with the Harriet
Tubman Home.
The origins of capitalism in the British West Indies began as part of the revolutionary shift to sugar and slavery in Barbados in the second quarter of the 17th-century. This study examines the ...origins of capitalism in Barbados through the exploration of the historical record and archaeological findings from Trents Plantation and other early colonial estates in Barbados. The expansion of agro-industrial sugar production into the English colony of Barbados set in motion a dramatic shift in social and economic structures. Social and economic change resulted from the intersection of access to investor capital, dramatic profits rapidly amassed through the production of a commoditized cash crop, sugar, and a related shift in the labor force to a reliance on large numbers of enslaved laborers from Africa. The change took place rapidly during a period of political turmoil in England that resulted in laissez-faire governance and a void in administrative oversight in the West Indies. The social and economic changes seen in the archaeological record at Trents, and actuated across Barbados, had a dramatic impact on the broader Atlantic World, inclusive of the Americas, Europe, Africa, and their trading partners across the globe.
Los orígenes del capitalismo en las Indias Occidentales Británicas comenzaron como parte del cambio revolucionario hacia el azúcar y la esclavitud en Barbados en el segundo cuarto del siglo XVII. Este estudio examina los orígenes del capitalismo en Barbados a través de la exploración del registro histórico y los hallazgos arqueológicos en Trents Plantation y otros estados coloniales tempranos en Barbados. La expansión de la producción de azúcar agroindustrial a la colonia inglesa de Barbados puso en marcha un cambio dramático en las estructuras sociales y económicas. Los cambios sociales y económicos resultaron de la interacción del acceso al capital de inversión, las ganancias dramáticas que se acumularon rápidamente a través de la producción de un cultivo comercial mercantilizado, el azúcar, y un cambio relacionado en la fuerza laboral a la dependencia de un gran número de trabajadores esclavos de África. El cambio se produjo rápidamente durante un período de agitación política en Inglaterra que resultó en un gobierno laissez-faire y un vacío de supervisión administrativa en las Indias Occidentales. Los cambios sociales y económicos que se observaron en el registro arqueológico de Trents y que se activaron en todo Barbados, tuvieron un impacto dramático en el mundo atlántico más amplio, incluidas las Américas, Europa, África y sus socios comerciales en todo el mundo.
Les origines du capitalisme dans les Antilles Britanniques ont leur source dans l’évolution révolutionnaire en faveur du sucre et de l'esclavage à la Barbade au cours de la seconde moitié du 17ème siècle. Cette étude examine les origines du capitalisme à la Barbade par l'exploration des archives historiques et des découvertes archéologiques issues de la Plantation Trents et d'autres domaines coloniaux anciens à la Barbade. L'expansion de la production de sucre agroindustrielle dans la colonie anglaise de la Barbade a provoqué une rupture dramatique des structures sociales et économiques. Un changement social et économique a résulté du croisement entre l'accès au capital d'investissement, les profits dramatiques rapidement amassés par le biais de la production d'une culture de rente banalisée, le sucre et une modification connexe quant à la main d'œuvre par un recours à un grand nombre de travailleurs esclaves originaires d'Afrique. Le changement a eu lieu rapidement pendant une période de troubles politiques en Angleterre ayant résulté en une gouvernance du laissez-faire et une carence quant au contrôle administratif des Antilles. Les modifications sociales et économiques observées dans les archives archéologiques à Trents et mises en œuvre à travers la Barbade, ont eu un impact dramatique sur le monde atlantique plus vaste, y compris les Amériques, l'Europe, l'Afrique et leurs partenaires commerciaux à travers le monde.
Harriet Tubman’s social activism as well as her efforts as a soldier, nurse, and spy have been retold in countless books and films and have justly elevated her to iconic status in American history. ...Given her fame and contributions, it is surprising how little is known of her later years and her continued efforts for social justice, women’s rights, and care for the elderly. Tubman housed and cared for her extended family, parents, brothers, sisters, nieces, and nephews, as well as many other African Americans seeking refuge. Ultimately her house just outside of Auburn, New York, would become a focal point of Tubman’s expanded efforts to provide care to those who came to her seeking shelter and support, in the form of the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged.
In this book, Armstrong reconstructs and interprets Tubman’s public and private life in freedom through integrating his archaeological findings with historical research. The material record Tubman left behind sheds vital light on her life and the ways in which she interacted with local and national communities, giving readers a fuller understanding of her impact on the lives of African Americans. Armstrong’s research is part of a wider effort to enhance public interpretation and engagement with the Harriet Tubman Home.
In this article we examine the role of informal settlements inhabited by Europeans, Africans and, potentially, indigenous people in the eighteenth-century insular Caribbean. Rather than simply being ...frontier settlements established in anticipation of formal colonization, in many cases settlements on and beyond the margins of colonies represent alternative possibilities and facilitate ways of life, modes of production, and means of trade and exchange that are at odds with expected norms of colonial society. We view such settlements as holdouts, practicing what James Scott refers to as the ‘art of not being governed’. To make this argument we compare ethnohistorical data related to settlement patterns in St John and Dominica and archaeological data retrieved from household excavations of plantation settlements dating to the eighteenth century. Examining such settlements allows us to map the range of variation in colonial life during the apogee of plantation-based slavery.
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This article presents methodologies employed in, and initial interpretations of, an archaeological study of a pre-sugar and sugar era Barbadian plantation. A close examination of a 1646 map reveals a ...pre-sugar landscape in transition as the island was in the midst of the transformative sugar revolution. The map directed archaeological investigations that recovered materials associated with pre-sugar labourers, including European indentured servants and enslaved Africans. This data is then compared to material collected from undisturbed villages for the enslaved. We discuss the significance of these findings as well as their implications for understanding the onset of early capitalistic modes of production and how they affected the lives of labourers on the Barbadian landscape.
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This volume provides one of the most comprehensive overviews of the archaeology of a single Caribbean island yet published. Drawing together scholars from the Caribbean, north America and Europe, all ...working from a range of disciplines within the broader scope of archaeology, and drawing upon recent and innovative fieldwork, the collected papers touch upon a wider variety of archaeological case studies. Divided into four sections each under the editorial supervision of a specialist scholar, the papers contained in this volume start with an overview of different approaches to the pre-contact archaeology of the island of Barbados and focus upon recent debates and issues surrounding material culture, economic change and site location. Two following sections focus upon recent developments in historical archaeology, looking at a series of urban and plantation case studies, and then the application of scientific techniques to material cultural and ecofactual evidence. The final section considers the social implications of Barbados’ past and recent developments in community heritage, education and management. Extensively illustrated and referenced, this volume considers in detail the historical diversity of archaeological work undertaken on the island, yet will also look forward to examine the key trends and currents that will inform the study of the archaeology of Barbados in the future. With such a rich wealth of material, this is a volume that will have considerable impact upon the wider context of Caribbeanist archaeology, history and heritage studies.
New perspectives on Caribbean historical archaeology that go beyond the colonial plantation
Historical Archaeologies of the Caribbean: Contextualizing Sites through Colonialism, Capitalism, ...and Globalism addresses issues in Caribbean history and historical archaeology such as freedom, frontiers, urbanism, postemancipation life, trade, plantation life, and new heritage. This collection moves beyond plantation archaeology by expanding the knowledge of the diverse Caribbean experiences from the late seventeenth through the mid-nineteenth centuries.
The essays in this volume are grounded in strong research programs and data analysis that incorporate humanistic narratives in their discussions of Amerindian, freedmen, plantation, institutional, military, and urban sites. Sites include a sample of the many different types found across the Caribbean from a variety of colonial contexts that are seldom reported in archaeological research, yet constitute components essential to understanding the full range and depth of Caribbean history.
Contributors examine urban contexts in Nevis and St. John and explore the economic connections between Europeans and enslaved Africans in urban and plantation settings in St. Eustatius. The volume contains a pioneering study of frontier exchange with Amerindians in Dominica and a synthesis of ceramic exchange networks among enslaved Africans in the Leeward Islands. Chapters on military forts in Nevis and St. Kitts call attention to this often-neglected aspect of the Caribbean colonial landscape. Contributors also directly address culture heritage issues relating to community participation and interpretation. On St. Kitts, the legacy of forced confinement of lepers ties into debates of current public health policy. Plantation site studies from Antigua and Martinique are especially relevant because they detail comparisons of French and British patterns of African enslavement and provide insights into how each addressed the social and economic changes that occurred with emancipation.
Contributors
Todd M. Ahlman / Douglas V. Armstrong / Samantha Rebovich Bardoe / Paul Farnsworth / Jeffrey R. Ferguson / R. Grant Gilmore III / Diana González-Tennant / Edward González-Tennant / Barbara J. Heath / Carter L. Hudgins Kenneth G. Kelly / Eric Klingelhofer / Roger H. Leech / Stephan Lenik / Gerald F. Schroedl / Diane Wallman / Christian Williamson
Out of Many, One People Delle, James A; Hauser, Mark W; Armstrong, Douglas V ...
2011, 2014-06-06
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As a source of colonial wealth and a crucible for global culture, Jamaica has had a profound impact on the formation of the modern world system. From the island's economic and military importance to ...the colonial empires it has hosted and the multitude of ways in which diverse people from varied parts of the world have coexisted in and reacted against systems of inequality, Jamaica has long been a major focus of archaeological studies of the colonial period.   This volume assembles for the first time the results of nearly three decades of historical archaeology in Jamaica. Scholars present research on maritime and terrestrial archaeological sites, addressing issues such as: the early Spanish period at Seville la Nueva; the development of the first major British settlement at Port Royal; the complexities of the sugar and coffee plantation system, and the conditions prior to, and following, the abolition of slavery in Jamaica. The everyday life of African Jamaican people is examined by focusing on the development of Jamaica's internal marketing system, consumer behavior among enslaved people, iron-working and ceramic-making traditions, and the development of a sovereign Maroon society at Nanny Town.   Out of Many, One People paints a complex and fascinating picture of life in colonial Jamaica, and demonstrates how archaeology has contributed to heritage preservation on the island.
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