miR-488-5p and its role in melanoma Arnold, Jessica; Engelmann, Julia C.; Schneider, Nadja ...
Experimental and molecular pathology,
February 2020, 2020-Feb, 2020-02-00, 20200201, Volume:
112
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Due to their ability to regulate dozens to hundreds of target genes simultaneously and, therefore, influence several oncogenic pathways at the same time, microRNAs are a fascinating research object ...in melanoma. MicroRNAs have been identified as regulators of tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis in melanoma.
More precisely, it has been published that dysregulation of miR-488 contibutes to the progression of several cancer entities. However, the biological functions of miR-488, in special miR-488-5p in melanoma, remain unclear.
This study showed the involvement of miR-488-5p in Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the function as a tumor suppressor. Transfection of miR-488-5p mimic led to inhibition of proliferation, migration, anchorage independent growth and led to induction of apoptosis.
These data indicated that miR-488-5p acts as a tumor suppressor and is lost during melanoma development. The loss of miR-488-5p was confirmed in vivo by in situ hybridization on melanoma tissue.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Purpose
Adolescent mental health issues are on the increase, in particular depression, which is now a major public health concern globally. Mental health education is important and young people’s ...awareness of mental health is potentially limited. This is one factor that creates barriers to seeking support. School nurses and educational professionals recognise that they do not necessarily have the required skill base to support emotional health concerns with young people. The purpose of this paper is to synthesise qualitative evidence related to the nurse’s role in supporting adolescents.
Design/methodology/approach
A literature review using a systematic approach was undertaken, predominantly through collection of primary qualitative research studies. In total, 22 published studies are included in this review, extracted from four databases – CINAHL, Embase, Medline and Scopus.
Findings
This review shows that awareness of mental health is needed early in adolescence, while at school, to encourage young people to access support and have knowledge of their own emotional health. The need for further mental health education and provision is asserted.
Practical implications
Young people benefit from someone who is accessible and familiar to them in schools so that they can access emotional support as and when needed. Careful involvement of families (including extended families) is noted. It is proposed that this role should be a mental health nurse role, who should be accessible within the school environment.
Originality/value
This paper is original and adds to existing knowledge that mental health challenges are increasing, and more needs to be done in schools to promote mental health and reduce the stigma associated with seeking support.
•Elastic light scattering (ELS) of aerosol particles.•Detection and characterization of single aerosol particles.•Bioaerosol detection using elastic light scattering.•Discriminating bioaerosol from ...atmospheric aerosols.
Elastic light scattering (ELS) from single micron-sized particles has been used as a fast, non-destructive diagnostic tool in life science, physics, chemistry, climatology, and astrophysics. Due to the large scattering cross-section, ELS can be used to find trace amounts of suspect particles such as bioaerosols among complex, diverse atmospheric aerosols, based on single-particle interrogation. In this article, we briefly summarized the main computational models and instrumentation developed for ELS, then reviewed how properties like particle size, refractive index, degree of symmetry, and surface roughness, in addition to packing density, shape of primary particles in an aggregate, and special helix structures in compositions can be determined from ELS measurements. Meanwhile, we emphasize on how these parameters obtained from ELS measurements can be used for bioaerosol detection, characterization, and discrimination from atmospheric aerosol particles using different classification algorithms.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We present an analysis of the structures, sizes, star formation rates and local environmental properties of galaxies at z∼ 4–6 (τuniverse < 2 Gyr), utilizing deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging of ...the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The galaxies we study are selected with the Lyman-break drop-out technique, using galaxies which are B-, V- and i-drops, which effectively selects ultraviolet (UV) bright starbursting galaxies between z= 4 and 6. Our primary observational finding is that starbursting galaxies at z > 4 have a diversity in structure, with roughly 30 per cent appearing distorted and asymmetric, while the majority are smooth and apparently undisturbed systems. We utilize several methods to compute the inferred assembly rates for these distorted early galaxies including the CAS (concentration, asymmetry, clumpiness) system and pair counts. Overall, we find a similar fraction of galaxies which are in pairs as the fraction which have a distorted structure. Using the CAS methodology, and our best estimate for merger time-scales, we find that the total number of inferred effective mergers for M* > 109-10 M⊙ galaxies at z < 6 is Nm= 4.2+4.1−1.4. The more common symmetrical systems display a remarkable scaling relation between the concentration of light and their half-light radii, revealing the earliest known galaxy scaling relationship, and demonstrating that some galaxies at z > 4 are likely in a relaxed state. Systems which are asymmetric do not display a correlation between size and half-light radii, and are generally larger than the symmetric smooth systems. The time-scale for the formation of these smooth systems is 0.5–1 Gyr, suggesting that most of these galaxies are formed through coordinated very rapid gas collapses and star formation over a size of 1–2 kpc, or from merger events at z > 10. We finally investigate the relation between the UV measured star formation rates for these galaxies and their structures, finding a slight correlation such that more asymmetric systems have slightly higher star formation rates than symmetric galaxies.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS), i.e. the normalized Mueller matrix element -S
/S
, can be used to detect the helical structures of DNA molecules in biological systems, however, ...no CIDS measurement from single particles has been reported to date. We report an innovative method for measuring CIDS phase functions from single particles individually flowing through a scattering laser beam. CIDS signals were obtained from polystyrene latex (PSL) microspheres with or without coating of DNA molecules, tryptophan particles, and aggregates of B. subtilis spores, at the size of 3 μm in diameter. Preliminary results show that this method is able to measure CIDS phase function in tens of microseconds from single particles, and has the ability to identify particles containing biological molecules.
•Light-scattering comparisons of agglomerated debris with olivine particles are made.•Light-scattering curves from agglomerated debris particles are smooth.•Light scattering curves can be ...interpolated to find values at intermediate refractive indices.
Common particle characteristics needed for many applications may include size, eccentricity, porosity and refractive index. Determining such characteristics from scattered light is a primary goal of remote sensing. For other applications, like differentiating a hazardous particle from the natural background, information about higher fidelity particle characteristics may be required, including specific shape or chemical composition. While a complete characterization of a particle system from its scattered light through the inversion process remains unachievable, great strides have been made in providing information in the form of constraints on particle characteristics. Recent advances have been made in quantifying the characteristics of polydispersions of irregularly shaped particles by making comparisons of the light-scattering signals from model simulant particles. We show that when the refractive index is changed, the light-scattering characteristics from polydispersions of such particles behave monotonically over relatively large parameter ranges compared with those of monodisperse distributions of particles having regular shapes, like spheres, spheroids, etc. This allows for their properties to be interpolated, which results in a significant reduction of the computational load when performing inversions.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This research aimed to evaluate the usability of three alternative protective face mask designs from the clinical perspective. In a remote study, dental students (n=38) with experience wearing N95 ...FFRs participated in a randomized wear trial with simulated activities to measure mask performance. A Likertscale survey instrument was developed to examine conditions of discomfort, fit stability, wear efficiency, and speech intelligibility. Survey results indicated the KN95 mask demonstrated the highest overall mask usability, followed by MNmask v2, and MNmask v1. While participants found MNmask v1 uncomfortable, the stability was rated highest during a head up and down activity (M=3.54). Here, the KN95 mask had a lower rating (M=3.36), revealing potential issues with a loose fit. MNmask v2 showed overall improvement from MNmask v1, but revealed complications with the paracord bands. The findings from this study may be applied broadly in improving mask performance and usability in protective face mask designs.
We have obtained Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) J-, H-, K1-, and K2-Spec observations of the iconic debris ring around the young, main-sequence star HR 4796A. We applied several point-spread function ...(PSF) subtraction techniques to the observations (Mask-and-Interpolate, RDI-NMF, RDI-KLIP, and ADI-KLIP) to measure the geometric parameters and the scattering phase function for the disk. To understand the systematic errors associated with PSF subtraction, we also forward-modeled the observations using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework and a simple model for the disk. We found that measurements of the disk geometric parameters were robust, with all of our analyses yielding consistent results; however, measurements of the scattering phase function were challenging to reconstruct from PSF-subtracted images, despite extensive testing. As a result, we estimated the scattering phase function using disk modeling. We searched for a dependence of the scattering phase function with respect to the GPI filters but found none. We compared the H-band scattering phase function with that measured by Hubble Space Telescope STIS at visual wavelengths and discovered a blue color at small scattering angles and a red color at large scattering angles, consistent with predictions and laboratory measurements of large grains. Finally, we successfully modeled the SPHERE H2 HR 4796A scattered phase function using a distribution of hollow spheres composed of silicates, carbon, and metallic iron.
In rural Ecuador pregnant women face complex challenges navigating the terrain between traditional and biomedical maternal health care services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in three ...rural communities in Southern Ecuador that have presented active Chagas disease transmission with women who were pregnant or have given birth within the last five years. This study was conducted to identify and understand the experiences of mothers in these communities and the decisions they make to maintain the wellness of themselves and their children. The researchers recorded women's maternal health stories, analyzed their access to maternal health care, and explored factors influencing their birth location preferences and health seeking behaviors. The researchers found that women in this region are utilizing medical pluralism to sustain maternal health and the well-being of their children.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
To reduce opioid-involved overdoses, law enforcement agencies have taken proactive steps to connect people to treatment and supportive services. This study evaluates the impact of a law ...enforcement-based outreach and treatment referral program known as Hero Help on the incidence and costs of overdoses occurring in the jurisdiction of Delaware’s New Castle County Division of Police (NCCPD). It first compares observed and predicted fatal and nonfatal overdoses between 2013 and 2021. A time series analysis shows an average decrease of 7.25 nonfatal and 1.85 fatal overdoses per month since the program’s two expansions of its civilian care team. It then adapts Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and health care cost data to estimate the cost reductions of fewer overdoses. These metrics suggest Hero Help saved the community $21.5 million per month. Police departments can then reduce the incidence and economic burden of overdoses through outreach and referrals to treatment.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
