Increases in opioid-related overdoses have required law enforcement and public health officials to collectively develop new approaches that treat substance use disorders and save lives. This essay ...describes the Hero Help recovery and behavioural health assistance program, a Delaware-based initiative providing drug treatment to qualifying adults who contact the police and ask for treatment, or to individuals in lieu of an arrest or upon recommendation by a police officer. Led by the New Castle County Division of Police, this collaborative project has brought together stakeholders from public health and criminal justice to coordinate treatment for people suffering from a substance use disorder and/or mental health problems. This essay describes the goals, evolution, and key activities of the program. It further highlights lessons learned, including improving credibility through concerted community outreach, finding ways to overcome the stigma associated with participating in a law enforcement–based program, gaining officer buy-in, and using data to inform treatment responses. Effectively, this essay seeks to disseminate emerging lessons in creating programming responsive to substance use disorder and mental illness among police departments and their community partners.
Increases in opioid-related overdoses have required law enforcement and public health officials to collectively develop new approaches that treat substance use disorders and save lives. This essay ...describes the Hero Help recovery and behavioural health assistance program, a Delaware-based initiative providing drug treatment to qualifying adults who contact the police and ask for treatment, or to individuals in lieu of an arrest or upon recommendation by a police officer. Led by the New Castle County Division of Police, this collaborative project has brought together stakeholders from public health and criminal justice to coordinate treatment for people suffering from a substance use disorder and/or mental health problems. This essay describes the goals, evolution, and key activities of the program. It further highlights lessons learned, including improving credibility through concerted community outreach, finding ways to overcome the stigma associated with participating in a law enforcement–based program, gaining officer buy-in, and using data to inform treatment responses. Effectively, this essay seeks to disseminate emerging lessons in creating programming responsive to substance use disorder and mental illness among police departments and their community partners.
Abstract
Measurements of visible and near-infrared reflection (0.38–5
μ
m) and mid-to-far-infrared emission (5–200
μ
m) from telescope and satellite remote-sensing instruments make it possible to ...investigate the composition of planetary surfaces via electronic transitions and vibrational modes of chemical bonds. Red spectral slopes at visible and near-infrared wavelengths and absorption features at 3.3 and 3.4
μ
m observed in circumstellar disks, in the interstellar medium (ISM), and on the surfaces of solar system bodies are interpreted to be due to the presence of organic material and other carbon compounds. Identifying the origin of these features requires measurements of the optical properties of a variety of relevant analog and planetary materials. Spectroscopic models of dust within circumstellar disks and the ISM, as well as planetary regoliths, often incorporate just one such laboratory measurement despite the wide variation in absorption and extinction properties of organic and other carbon-bearing materials. Here we present laboratory measurements of transmission spectra in the 1.5–13
μ
m region and use these to derive real and imaginary indices of refraction for two samples: (1) an analog to meteoritic insoluble organic matter and (2) a powdered Allende meteorite sample. We also test our refractive index retrieval method on a previously published transmission spectrum of an Mg-rich olivine. We compare optical measurements of the insoluble organic matter analog to those of other solar system and extrasolar organic analogs, such as amorphous carbon and tholins, and find that the indices of refraction of the newly characterized material differ significantly from other carbonaceous samples.
Objective
To describe on‐scene times for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) transferred to hospital, the number of these that were extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) eligible and ...potential association between end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and survival so as to inform planned interventional studies.
Methods
Prospective cohort study of all OHCA, of suspected medical cause, where resuscitation was commenced and who were transported to participating hospitals from October 2020 to May 2021.
Results
One hundred and forty‐nine OHCA were included. Forty‐four (30%) patients survived to hospital discharge. Eighteen (8%) met ECPR inclusion criteria. Median on‐scene time was 33 min (interquartile range IQR 24–44). Initial hospital ETCO2 for non‐survivors was 35 mmHg (IQR 19–50), survivors 36 mmHg (IQR 33–45); P = 0.215. No patient with an ETCO2 less than 20 mmHg on hospital arrival to survived to hospital discharge.
Conclusions
Average on‐scene time did not differ on survivorship. A small number of transferred patients with OHCA were ECPR eligible. ETCO2 less than 20 mmHg portends adverse prognosis. Our data will be used for future interventional studies.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Twenty-one students in a Metro-Atlanta eighth grade class participated in a case study. The purpose of this study was to determine if by integrating language arts and social studies students will ...improve their performance on standardized district assessments. Students took part in focus groups where they discussed their opinions of learning language arts and social studies in an integrated format. Data was examined of the pre and posttest of the district assessments given at the beginning and end of second semester. Data from the standardize district assessments showed interdisciplinary instruction increased student performance levels.
Abstract only
Equine mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) are promising candidates to repair and to regenerate damaged tissue in horses. To avoid immune reactions, the use of autologous eMSCs is desired, ...but the number of cells obtained from biopsies is generally too low for direct implantation. As a result, it takes several weeks for
in vitro
expansion of eMSC cultures to generate enough numbers for injection into the same horse. The only way to satisfy this high demand for eMSCs is the use of allogeneic eMSCs. eMSCs lack major histocompatibility complex II antigens and are able to avoid immune recognition allowing for allogeneic administration of these cells. Similar to humans, equine bone marrow‐derived MSCs exhibit variability in their rates of proliferation and differentiation
in vitro
. Experiments were carried out to identify a “reliable” donor and establish MSC cultures in order to generate off‐the‐shelf allogeneic cell stocks for immediate administration into client cases. Results of experiments to compare the cell viability (live/dead staining), proliferation (MTS assay),
in vitro
differentiation into osteoblasts (alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining), and gene expression from 7 horses are presented. Only one out of seven horses demonstrated a high rate of proliferation, and potential for
in vitro
osteogenesis, hence, was found to be superior to the others. This research is sponsored by a grant from the Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D concentrations in pigs of different age groups, to determine if 25(OH)D concentrations varied with season, ...and to assess the quality of vitamin D supplements used in swine diets from multiple commercial suppliers. Serum samples (n = 1200) submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for routine surveillance were assayed for serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Vitamin D premix samples were obtained from suppliers and analyzed at two laboratories over a 9-month period. In all age categories, 25(OH)D concentrations in numerous serum samples were lower than reference values. In the nursery, finisher, and boar age categories, there was a difference between the months of January and June (P < .05), with June samples containing higher quantities of circulating 25(OH)D. Serum samples from outdoor herds had higher 25(OH)D concentrations than samples from confined pigs (P < .01). Among the supplement samples evaluated, no individual supplement had a concentration of 25(OH)D significantly lower than 500,000 IU per g. These results revealed that commercial swine may be deficient in serum vitamin D at varying times of the year, and feed-supplement concentrations may vary.
Distinguishing between microcrystalline and macrocrystalline mineral phases can help constrain the conditions under which those minerals formed or the degree of postdepositional alteration. This ...study demonstrates the effects of crystal size and surface roughness on thermal infrared emission spectra of micro and macrocrystalline phases of the two most common minerals on Earth, quartz and calcite. Given the characteristic depositional and environmental conditions under which microcrystalline minerals form, and the recent observations of high‐silica deposits on Mars, it is important to understand how these unique materials can be identified using remote infrared spectroscopy techniques. We find that (a) microcrystalline minerals exhibit naturally rough surfaces compared to their macrocrystalline counterparts at the 10 µm scale; and that (b) this roughness causes distinct spectral differences within the Reststrahlen bands of each mineral. These spectral differences occur for surfaces that are rough on the wavelength scale, where the absorption coefficient (k) is large. Specifically, the wavelength positions of the Reststrahlen features for microcrystalline phases are narrowed and shifted compared to macrocrystalline counterparts. The spectral shape differences are small enough that the composition of the material is still recognizable, but large enough such that a roughness effect could be detected. Petrographic and topographic analyses of microcrystalline samples suggest a relationship between crystal size and surface roughness. Together, these observations suggest it may be possible to make general inferences about microcrystallinity from the thermal infrared spectral character of samples, which could aid in reconstructions of sedimentary rock diagenesis where corresponding petrographic or microimaging is not available.
Key Points
Surface roughness and crystal size can influence infrared spectral shape
Changes in spectral shape due to multiple surface scattering at wavelength scale
Infrared spectra can be used to make general inferences about microcrystallinity
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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