This research article explores the possible applications of voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC), as a current mode universal filter and a sinusoidal oscillator. Without the need for an ...additional active/passive element, a very simple hardware modification makes it a dual-mode quadrature oscillator from the filter configuration. Both the proposed circuit requires only two VDCC and all grounded passive elements, hence a preferable choice for integration. The filter has some desirable features such as availability of all five explicit outputs, independent tunability of filter parameters. Availability of explicit quadrature current outputs, independence in start and frequency of oscillations, makes it a better oscillator design. Apart from prevalent CMOS simulation results, VDCC is also realized and experimentally tested using the off-the-shelf integrated circuit. All the pen and paper analysis such as non-ideal, sensitivity and parasitic analysis supports the design.
The manuscript presents a circuit that can act as a universal filter as well as a single resistence controlled oscillator by unpretentiously changing the switch positions. The circuit employs only ...two active devices and all grounded passive elements. The utilization of only grounded passive components makes this circuit a better choice for integrated circuit implementation. The current mode biquadratic filter offers all the five basic responses along with independent tunability of its quality factor. The dual-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator offers explicit current outputs along with voltage outputs. The circuit also offers a simple and uncoupled condition of oscillation and frequency of oscillation. The typical analysis such as non-ideal, sensitivity and parasitic analysis along with the regular simulation results as well as experimental results are exposed here, to strengthen the design idea.
We have developed a two-point iterative scheme for multiple roots that achieves fifth order convergence by using two function evaluations and two derivative evaluations each iteration. Weight ...function approach is utilized to frame the scheme. The weight function named as R(υt) is used, which is a function of υt, and υt is a function of ωt, i.e., υt=ωt1+aωt, where a is a real number and ωt=g(yt)g(xt)1m˜ is a multi-valued function. The consistency of the newly generated methods is ensured numerically and through the basins of attraction. Four complex functions are considered to compare the new methods with existing schemes via basins of attraction, and all provided basins of attraction possess reflection symmetry. Further, five numerical examples are used to verify the theoretical results and to contrast the presented schemes with some recognized schemes of fifth order. The results obtained have proved that the new schemes are better than the existing schemes of the same nature.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The paper realizes a single-resistance-controlled oscillator employing current differencing buffered amplifiers as active devices, and virtually grounded resistors and grounded capacitors as passive ...components. Operating in voltage mode, the designed circuit is capable of generating quadrature outputs along with an unambiguous control of oscillating frequency and condition of oscillation. Initially, practicality and feasibility of the design has been justified by the results obtained using PSPICE simulation software. Simulation results include time response and frequency response outputs generated by using the commercially available I.C. of CFOA, i.e. AD844, as well as by using the CMOS structure of active device employed. Later, hardware experimentation of the design has been included, for which AD844 along with standard components have been employed. Validating results have been obtained in both the cases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The use of voltage differencing current conveyor as an active device to design a current-mode oscillator along with a universal filter with only grounded passive elements is the main focus of this ...manuscript. This re-arranging circuit can work as a sinusoidal oscillator as well as a current-mode universal filter, by simple selection of passive switches. Both the circuits employ only two active devices and three grounded passive elements. The designed oscillator provides two distinctive current outputs with a quadrature-phase difference. It also maintains an independent condition of oscillation and frequency of oscillation. Moreover, the basic responses including low pass, high pass, and band pass are easily available from a current-mode universal filter. The low input impedance and high output impedance are amongst the noteworthy features of the current-mode derived filter. Non-ideal, parasitic, and sensitivity analysis of the designed circuits are also incorporated in the manuscript. Cadence PSPICE software simulation results are also included to justify the design idea. Experimental implementation of the described circuit has also been shown by employing special-purpose amplifier integrated circuit, i.e., OPA860.
In this study, we suggest a new iterative family of iterative methods for approximating the roots with multiplicity in nonlinear equations. We found a lack in the approximation of multiple roots in ...the case that the nonlinear operator be non-differentiable. So, we present, in this paper, iterative methods that do not use the derivative of the non-linear operator in their iterative expression. With our new iterative technique, we find better numerical results of Planck’s radiation, Van Der Waals, Beam designing, and Isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor problems. Divided difference and weight function approaches are adopted for the construction of our schemes. The convergence order is studied thoroughly in the Theorems 1 and 2, for the case when multiplicity p≥2. The obtained numerical results illustrate the preferable outcomes as compared to the existing ones in terms of absolute residual errors, number of iterations, computational order of convergence (COC), and absolute error difference between two consecutive iterations.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A series of eight new current mode sinusoidal oscillators employing a versatile and less explored active element, i.e., voltage differencing current conveyor, is presented in this manuscript. All the ...derived oscillators provide an explicit current output from their high impedance port. Enumerated circuits require only a single active element, two grounded capacitors, and two passive resistors. Amongst all newly proposed oscillator circuits, two configurations utilize only grounded passive elements and can simultaneously provide explicit current quadrature outputs. The condition and frequency of oscillation, in all cases, are simple and orthogonal. All regular mathematical analysis, such as non-ideal, sensitivity and parasitic, are presented to support the design ideas.In addition to the experimental results performed using commercially available integrated circuits, software simulation results of all the proposed circuits have also been included in the manuscript. In the former case the range of frequencies, for the designed oscillators, as low as 349 kHz and as high as 2.64 MHz where as the experimental range of frequencies lies in the span of 192 kHz to 5.8 MHz. The best figure for total harmonic distortion can be found as low as 1.2% for oscillator no. 8.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Voltage-mode, current-mode, transresistance-mode and transconductance-mode KHN-equivalent biquad employing third generation current conveyors (CCIII), realizes low pass, high pass, band pass, notch ...and all pass filters using grounded passive elements and provides current and voltage outputs and also facilitates tunability of filter parameters. Analysis of the proposed configuration is given that includes non-ideal analysis along with the sensitivity analysis for the used passive and active components. A comparison of the proposed structure with those few existing CCIII-based filters has also been detailed out. The workability of the proposed structure has been demonstrated with PSPICE simulation results.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This article presents a new application of the second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) as a fully-uncoupled quadrature oscillator in which none of the resistors controlling the condition of ...oscillation appear in the frequency of oscillation and vice-versa. To strengthen the design concept regular mathematical analysis such as ideal, non-ideal, parasitic, frequency stability, and sensitivity calculations are performed. The workability of the proposed circuit is carried out by PSPICE simulation of CMOS implementation of VCII using 180 nm CMOS technology parameters and hardware experimental results based on commercially available AD844 type CFOA to construct the voltage conveyor, which confirms the practical validity of the new fully decouple quadrature configuration.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
With the focus of employing single Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA) in designing of electronically tunable oscillators, three configurations have been proposed in this ...manuscript. Each configuration enjoys an efficient integrated circuit implementation due to use of grounded capacitors. Unambiguous and independent control of its condition and frequency of oscillation is an additional feature which is available in all the configurations along with the quadrature outputs in voltage mode. The designed configurations have been tested both through simulation and experimental setup employing a newly proposed hardware arrangement of VDTA designed using off the shelf IC, i.e., OPA860. Moreover, the oscillators have also been experimentally justified with already available hardware realization of VDTA. Experimentation results generated using two different ICs, with two different hardware setups, have been tabulated so as to provide an illustrative study of the performances of oscillators.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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