The article draws attention to the significance of a sixteenth-century (?) Persian manuscript titled Mūnis-nāma, which contains thirty-one popular tales from the late twelfth century. Most of the ...tales correspond to the fourteenth–fifteenth-century Ottoman Turkish tales of Faraj baʿd al-shidda, which were adapted into French as Les Mille et un jours in the early eighteenth century. Although the existence of a Persian precursor to these tales was already hypothesized, the corresponding Persian equivalents were hitherto only found in much later works (commonly known as Jāmiʿ al-ḥikāyāt) dating from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Predating the Ottoman Turkish works by some 200 years, the Mūnis-nāma provides an extremely valuable source for studying the historical development and transmission of specific tales from one language and culture to another. The Mūnis-nāma also contains works that can be classified as elite literature, such as advisory literature for rulers and courtiers and Sufi allegorical texts. The combination of popular and elite literature in the Mūnis-nāma blurs the traditional lines between the two realms in Persian literature and provides an excellent source for the study of elite and popular literature as parts of a larger whole. Furthermore, thanks to the compiler's detailed introduction, we know that the intended audience of the Mūnis-nāma were the female members of a royal court. A thorough examination of this work in view of its intended audience will contribute to the current scholarship on advisory literature for rulers and courtiers.
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Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a highly virulent human pathogen with severe consequences following infection, which claims many lives worldwide. A suggested method for controlling this bacterium is the ...competitive elimination through using probiotic bacteria that prevent its colonization. Some nonpathogenic E. coli strains that produce antibacterial colicins are among these probiotic bacteria. We aimed to isolate and characterize the colicinogenic E. coli strains from diarrheic and healthy sheep that inhibit E. coli O157:H7, which could be used as possible probiotic sources. A total of 292 E. coli isolates (146 from each diarrheic and healthy sheep) were screened for the presence of colicin and virulence genes. The phylogenetic group/subgroup determination was performed by PCR. In vitro evaluation of inhibitory effect of colicinogenic isolates on E. coli O157:H7 was done phenotypically.
The frequency of diarrhea associated colicinogenic E. coli isolates was significantly higher than those isolated from healthy sheep. An association between ETEC and the genes coding for colicin-V & colicin-Iab in diarrheic E. coli isolates was observed. Moreover, there was an association between ipaH and Colicin-V encoding genes. Furthermore, E. coli isolates showing bacteriocinogeny while possessing no virulence genes had a frequency of 97.67 and 11.94% in healthy and diarrheic isolates, respectively. Of these strains, five isolates (3.42%) from diarrheic and twenty-five isolates (17.12%) from healthy sheep inhibited O157:H7 strain. Additionally, colicin E1 and colicin Iab genes were more prevalent in B1 phylogroup.
These results signified that healthy sheep could be considered as a potential source for anti-O175:H7 bacterial isolates.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is one of the world’s most important food crops, and as such, its production needs to be protected from infectious diseases that can significantly reduce ...yield and quality. Here, we survey the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) landscape of tomato against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae . We perform comprehensive ETI screens in five cultivated tomato varieties and two wild relatives, as well as an immunodiversity screen on a collection of 149 tomato varieties that includes both wild and cultivated varieties. The screens reveal a tomato ETI landscape that is more limited than what was previously found in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . We also demonstrate that ETI eliciting effectors can protect tomato against P. syringae infection when the effector is delivered by a non-virulent strain either prior to or simultaneously with a virulent strain. Overall, our findings provide a snapshot of the ETI landscape of tomatoes and demonstrate that ETI can be used as a biocontrol treatment to protect crop plants.
Through an examination of a wide range of medieval sources and a close textual study of the account about Ardashīr in the Shāhnāma, Nasrin Askari demonstrates that medieval authors understood ...Firdausī's opus primarily as a mirror for princes.
•An alarming rate of phenotypic resistance was observed in Escherichia coli strains.•40.1% of E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant.•The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes were blaTEM, ...tetA and tetB.•Most resistant isolates belonged to the commensal phylotypes.•Pigeons should be considered as disseminator of resistant E. coli strains.
In Iran, pigeons are kept and bred on the roofs of houses, which indicates the potential significance of pigeons in the dispersal of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli strains. Here we characterized antimicrobial resistance genotypes in relation to phenotypic presentations and phylogenetic backgrounds of the E. coli isolates from household pigeons in Kerman in southeast Iran.
Totally, 152 faecal E. coli isolates from domestic and household pigeons were screened for 13 antimicrobial resistance genes, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, sulI, sulII, dhfrI, dhfrV, aadA, aac(3)-I, tetA, tetB, floR and qnrA, by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Clermont phylogenetic background of E. coli strains was studied and antibiotic resistance of all strains was assessed for seven antibiotics.
The antimicrobial resistance genes blaTEM, tetA, tetB and aadA were detected in 52.6%, 6.5%, 6.5% and 5.9% of the isolates, respectively. PCR phylotyping revealed that a significant number of isolates within A0 (54%), A1 (70%), B1 (57.6%), B22 (75%) and D1 (87.5%) phylogroups were positive for the studied resistance genes. One phenotypic resistance pattern (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) was associated with the presence of the corresponding gene sul2.
An alarming rate of phenotypic resistance was observed in this study. Many isolates were positive for the screened resistance genes. According to the phylogenetic background, most resistant isolates belonged to the commensal phylotypes, representing significant role of commensal strains as a source of resistance genes. These findings highlight the role of the pigeon as disseminator of resistant E. coli strains.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper describes the first report involving two cases of blackleg caused by
Clostridium perfringens
Type D as a main causative agent with an emphasis on clinical symptoms, the bacteriological and ...pathological analyses, and molecular detection of the pathogens by PCR method. Two calves of a flock were presented to the veterinary hospital of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. Both calves died suddenly and showed considerable muscle crepitation in the posterior limb. Severe necrosis of thigh muscles in both hind legs, which had caused dark discoloration of tissue with metallic sheen, large amount of thin sanguineous exudates, and numerous gas bubbles in the underlying tissues were evident during necropsy. Histopathological examination revealed extensive degeneration, coagulative necrosis of muscle fibers, severe edema, and small to large cavities due to emphysema between myofibers. Based on these findings, a definitive diagnosis of blackleg was supported. In bacteriological examination,
C. perfringens
was isolated from muscle and liver samples, which was reconfirmed through morphological and biochemical studies of the isolated strains. Molecular typing of isolated bacteria by multiplex PCR showed that the
C. perfringens
belongs to Type D of this bacterium. Overall, based on these observations, we propose that the
C. perfringens
Type D’s toxins are not only able to target the alimentary tract; they can also produce the lesions in other body parts especially in muscles. Whereas the blackleg outbreaks have been commonly reported sporadically in the endemic regions of Iran, identification of
C. perfringens
Type D, as a main causative agent of blackleg, is a novel finding in veterinary medicine.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective:To investigate clinical,pathological and mycological findings in canaries,in which pox lesions and Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)infection were observed simultaneously.Methods:This ...study was performed on a breeding colony(about 100 canaries)affected by fatal wasting disease.Necropsy was undertaken on 10 severely affected canaries,and gross lesions were recorded.Samples from internal organs displaying lesions were obtained for histopathological evaluation.Tracheal swap samples of internal organs of the all infected animals with lesions at necropsy were cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for mycological examination.Results:At necropsy,caseous foci were determined in the lungs,on the air sacs,liver,spleen,heart.Swelling of the eyelids,diffuse hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue with small papular lesions of the skin were other typical necropsy findings.Histopathologically,pathognomonic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies,which called Bollinger bodies,in both skin cells and vacuolated air way epithelial cells confirmed canary pox infection.Moreover,histopathological examination of the white-yellowish caseous foci revealed necrotic granulomatous reaction consisting of macrophages,heterophil leukocytes and giant cells encapsulated with a fibrous tissue.After the culture of the tissue samples,the formation of bluish green colonies confirmed A.fumigatus infection.Conclusions:Canary pox has been known as the disease that can result in high losses in a short time,as a re-emerging disease that has not been present during recent years in canary flocks in Iran.So,the current paper provides useful information to prevent misdiagnosed of canary pox disease which can cause secondary mycotic infection.
This report describes the clinical and pathological aspects of an apocrine sweat gland carcinoma with distant metastasis in an aged dog.A 7-year-old male terrier dog was referred to small animal ...hospital of Shuhid Bahonar University of Kerman with a 5.5×3.5 centimeter pedunculated mass on its head near left auricular region which had been progressively growing since tliree months ago.The radiography showed no local and distant metastasis.Surgical excision and histological evaluation was done.Histologically,the mass was composed of epithelial cells arranged in glandular and solid patterns.The morphologic findings suggested either a primary or metastatic apocrine-gland carcinoma.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells were intensely positive for cytokeratin 7 and 20 and negative for S100 protein.On the basis of histopathological and clinical findings,the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant apocrine gland tumor,arising from apocrine sweat glands of the skin.Local tumor recurrence with anorexia and weight loss was reported by the owner nine month later.Severe submandibular and prescapular lymphadenomegaly was noted in clinical examination.Several large pulmonary nodules were noted in chest radiographs resembling mediastinal lymph node metastasis.Second surgery and chemotherapy was rejected by the owner due to grave prognosis of the patient.The animal was died 45 days later due to respiratory complications.Tumors of apocrine sweat glands are relatively uncommon in dogs whereas apocrine gland adenocarcinoma with distant metastasis is extremely rare.
Research shows that intimacy between married couples is one of the most important factors in creating lasting marriages The research method was qualitative with in-depth interview technique. The ...study sample was the women on the verge of divorce who referred to Bahar Neko Counseling Center affiliated to the agency in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done purposefully and the sample size is estimated by saturation of 30 peopleFindings obtained from this study showed that lack of verbal communication with the spouse, lack of spending time and in other words intimacy Consequently, this disorder also affects sexual relations and makes the partner disinterested and in some cases disgusted with having a good quality relationship. Another finding of this study, which seems to be neglected from the point of view of men, is that in order to have good sexual intercourse, a woman's mental and emotional background must be ready and having caresses, loving words is a necessary part of establishing a relationship with quality.
A one-month-old male terrier dog was referred in shock status with a history of anorexia, tachypnea, abdominal distention and progressive weight loss. Auscultation of right side of the lungs found ...enhanced respiratory noises. The thorough auscultation of the opposite side of the chest revealed the presence of typical intestinal sounds. Cardiac auscultation revealed muffled heart sounds and a diminished palpable precordial cardiac impulse was evident. The radiograph showed the presence of gas within the bowel in abrupt contrast to the adjacent structures of soft tissue opacity. Conservative treatment was failed and the animal died. At necropsy, cranial displacement of abdominal viscera into the pericardial sac was seen. A definitive diagnosis of peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia was made. Although congenital pericardial diseases are rare in dogs, awareness of the clinical manifestation of these kinds of defects combined with early use of available imaging modalities can yield a preoperative diagnosis.
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