"The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Societal grand challenges have moved from a marginal concern to a mainstream issue within the field of ...organization and management studies. Organizing for Societal Grand Challenges unpacks how diverse forms of organizing help tackle - or reinforce - grand challenges, while emphasizing the need for researchers to expand their methodological repertoire and reflect upon scholarly practices. This edited collection offers an organizational perspective on societal grand challenges in three sections: Diverse Forms of Organizing and Societal Grand Challenges; Scholarship and Societal Grand Challenges; Reflections and Outlook. The articles offer empirical and conceptual work that focus on a wide variety of regions including Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America, and engage with multiple grand challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, decent work, hunger, inequality, and poverty. Drawing on varied theoretical lenses, the authors take stock of recent developments in the literature, present an overview of the current thinking, and set a foundation for future research on grand challenges in organization and management studies. The articles provide inspiration, insights, and instruments for developing timely and relevant knowledge to engage with the pressing societal grand challenges of our time."
•Presents an optimization approach for flank wear, vibration and cutting forces.•The effect of tool geometry and machining parameters were evaluated with Anova.•The reflection capabilities of force ...and vibration signals on tool wear were analyzed.•Statistical and graphical approaches were utilized for optimum turning parameters.•Tool flank wear, vibration and cutting forces were statistically investigated.
Monitoring of process parameters enhances the productivity with increased tool life. Variations of cutting forces and Vb have direct influence on VB. In this study the effects of cutting parameters and tool geometry on process variables were investigated with ANOVA. The correlation between Vb and cutting forces with VB were examined and RSM based multiple optimization was performed during turning of AISI 5140. ANOVA results indicated that measured variables are reliable (FC (92.5%), FF (87.5%), FR (74.5%) Vb (81.3%), VB (91.4%)) which shows their availability for correlation. According to graphical results, cutting force signals can be utilized to monitor VB and Vb signals provide supportive information about tool condition. RSM provided optimization with a high success rate (87.5%) and confirmed with an additional experiment. The paper differs from past studies by demonstrating that VB, Vb and cutting forces are correlated with each other, statistically reliable and convenient for multiple optimization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of first aid training in live online classes using the problem-based learning approach on students' learning achievement, problem-solving skills, ...communication skill, and interaction. The pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design with a control group was used in the quantitative dimension of the study. The study group was conducted with forty-five university students. While live online classes in the experimental group were carried out via the PBL approach, live online classes in the control group were traditionally carried out via teacher-based methods without any intervention. Zoom application was used in both groups during live online classes. Group work in the experimental group was conducted using breakout rooms. The process of data collection and the experimental procedure of the study was completed in six weeks. Within the scope of the study, courses took three 40 min periods every week. The Learning Achievement Test, the Perceived Problem-solving Skills Scale, the Communication Skills Scale, and the Online Course Interaction Level Determination Scale were used for data collection tools. The results of study show that students who attended live online classes using PBL had higher levels of learning achievement, problem-solving skills and live online class interaction than students who attended live online classes using teacher-based methods. No significant difference between the communication skills of the groups was observed.
•An approach where problem-based learning is used in live online classes was proposed.•Problem-based learning in live online classes increased students' learning achievement.•Problem-based learning in live online classes increased students' interaction level.•Problem-based learning in live online classes increased problem-solving.•Problem-based learning in live online classes increased communication skills.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Biocatalytic alkylations are important reactions to obtain chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselectively alkylated compounds. This can be achieved using S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM)‐dependent ...methyltransferases and SAM analogs. It was recently shown that a halide methyltransferase (HMT) from Chloracidobacterium thermophilum can synthesize SAM from SAH and methyl iodide. We developed an iodide‐based assay for the directed evolution of an HMT from Arabidopsis thaliana and used it to identify a V140T variant that can also accept ethyl‐, propyl‐, and allyl iodide to produce the corresponding SAM analogs (90, 50, and 70 % conversion of 15 mg SAH). The V140T AtHMT was used in one‐pot cascades with O‐methyltransferases (IeOMT or COMT) to achieve the regioselective ethylation of luteolin and allylation of 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde. While a cascade for the propylation of 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde gave low conversion, the propyl‐SAH intermediate could be confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
Biocatalytic alkylations are valuable for late‐stage functionalization but are limited by the availability of S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine analogs. Directed evolution was used to create an engineered halide methyltransferase capable of converting cheap and readily available alkyl iodides into a number of SAM analogs. Used in cascades with methyltransferases, this enables chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselective alkylations which are difficult to achieve by chemical means.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Although research has shown that sleep disorders are prevalent among people with dementia, the temporal relationship is unclear. We investigated whether atypical sleep characteristics were associated ...with incident dementia while accounting for baseline cognitive functioning.
Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) study participants were 11,247 individuals from the Swedish Twin Registry who were at least 65 years at baseline (1998-2002). Sleep and baseline cognitive functioning were assessed via the SALT telephone screening interview. Data on dementia diagnoses came from national health registers. Cox regression was performed to estimate hazard ratios for dementia.
After 17 years of follow-up, 1,850 dementia cases were identified. Short (≤6 hours) and extended (>9 hours) time in bed (TIB) compared to the middle reference group (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.06-1.85; hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.24, respectively) and rising at 8:00 AM or later compared to earlier rising (hazard ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.24) were associated with higher dementia incidence. Bedtime, sleep quality, restorative sleep, and heavy snoring were not significant predictors. Findings stratified by baseline cognitive status indicated that the association between short TIB and dementia remained in those cognitively intact at the start.
Short and extended TIB and delayed rising among older adults predicted increased dementia incidence in the following 17 years. The pattern of findings suggests that extended TIB and late rising represent prodromal features whereas short TIB appeared to be a risk factor for dementia.
Diesel engines have high efficiency, durability, and reliability together with their low-operating cost. These important features make them the most preferred engines especially for heavy-duty ...vehicles. The interest in diesel engines has risen substantially day by day. In addition to the widespread use of these engines with many advantages, they play an important role in environmental pollution problems worldwide. Diesel engines are considered as one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution caused by exhaust emissions, and they are responsible for several health problems as well. Many policies have been imposed worldwide in recent years to reduce negative effects of diesel engine emissions on human health and environment. Many researches have been carried out on both diesel exhaust pollutant emissions and aftertreatment emission control technologies. In this paper, the emissions from diesel engines and their control systems are reviewed. The four main pollutant emissions from diesel engines (carbon monoxide-CO, hydrocarbons-HC, particulate matter-PM and nitrogen oxides-NO
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) and control systems for these emissions (diesel oxidation catalyst, diesel particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction) are discussed. Each type of emissions and control systems is comprehensively examined. At the same time, the legal restrictions on exhaust-gas emissions around the world and the effects of exhaust-gas emissions on human health and environment are explained in this study.
The current new technology in the automotive sector depends on the primary energy source because the power source is from the secondary energy source. Besides, the interest in biofuels is increasing ...due to the weaknesses of fossil fuels that have been voiced for years. The feedstock is important in biodiesel production and its use in the engine. Mustard oil is non-edible, high mono-unsaturated fatty acid value, conveniences in cultivation conditions, and worldwide use that offer significant advantages to biodiesel producers. The presence of erucic acid, which forms the basis of mustard biodiesel, makes itself felt in the prevention of the fuel-food debate, its effect on biodiesel fuel properties, and its relationship to engine performance and exhaust emissions. Along with the minuses of mustard biodiesel in kinematic viscosity and oxidation ability, the problems experienced in engine performance and exhaust emissions compared to diesel fuel offer new studies to policymakers, industrialists and researchers. Accordingly, this review focuses on the recent finding in fuel properties, engine performance and emission characteristic of mustard seed biodiesel as well as its types, geographical distribution, and biodiesel production. It can be stated that this study will be an important supplementary reference to the above-mentioned groups.
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•This study provides information on biodiesel of widely available mustard varieties.•Mustard seed oil is non-edible due to its high erucic acid property and is suitable for biodiesel production.•The fuel properties of different mustard oil biodiesels are studied in detail.•Engine performance analysis and emission characteristics of various mustard biodiesels are compared.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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