Background: This review examines the surgical management of acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion and the impact of interventional radiology techniques.
Methods: Eight consecutive patients ...with SMA occlusion were treated at the Lismore Base Hospital, Lismore, NSW, Australia, from 1996 through to 2001 and of these, one patient was managed successfully with catheter‐directed lytic therapy. The study group included five male and three female patients with a mean age of 71.3 (range 57–88) years. The records of these patients were reviewed to determine demographic characteristics, clinical features, predisposing factors and the duration of symptoms before intervention, management details and final outcome.
Results: Embolic phenomena due to atrial fibrillation were the most frequently identifiable cause of acute SMA occlusion, present in six of eight patients. Seven patients were managed with open surgery in the first instance and of these, four died. Three patients remain alive and well at a mean 2.8 years follow‐up. Patient number eight developed acute SMA occlusion from embolism secondary to atrial fibrillation and was managed initially with SMA urokinase thrombolysis. This patient’s pain was relieved 1 h after initiation of the procedure. Delayed films after 18 h from initiation of thrombolysis demonstrated re‐opening of all the ileo‐colic branches and at 6 weeks’ follow‐up the patient remains well with normal bowel function.
Conclusions: There is a role for selective SMA cannulation and urokinase thrombolysis in the management of patients with acute SMA thrombosis.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Positive modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor function is recognized as an important component of the central nervous system depressant effects of many general anesthetics, ...including propofol. The role for GABAA receptors as an essential site in the anesthetic actions of propofol was recently challenged by a report that the propofol analog 4-iodopropofol (4-iodo-2,6-diisopropylphenol) potentiated and directly activated GABAA receptors, yet was devoid of sedative-anesthetic effects in rats after intraperitoneal injection. Given the important implications of these findings for theories of anesthesia, the authors compared the effects of 4-iodopropofol with those of propofol using established in vivo and in vitro assays of both GABAA receptor-dependent and -independent anesthetic actions.
The effects of propofol and 4-iodopropofol were analyzed on heterologously expressed recombinant human GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptors, evoked population spike amplitudes in rat hippocampal slices, and glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes in vitro. Anesthetic potency was determined by loss of righting reflex in Xenopus laevis tadpoles, in mice after intraperitoneal injection, and in rats after intravenous injection.
Like propofol, 4-iodopropofol enhanced GABA-induced currents in recombinant GABAA receptors, inhibited synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices, and inhibited sodium channel-mediated glutamate release from synaptosomes, but with reduced potency. After intraperitoneal injection, 4-iodopropofol did not produce anesthesia in mice, but it was not detected in serum or brain. However, 4-iodopropofol did produce anesthesia in tadpoles (EC50 = 2.5 +/- 0.5 microM) and in rats after intravenous injection (ED50 = 49 +/- 6.2 mg/kg).
Propofol and 4-iodopropofol produced similar actions on several previously identified cellular and molecular targets of general anesthetic action, and both compounds induced anesthesia in tadpoles and rats. The failure of 4-iodopropofol to induce anesthesia in rodents after intraperitoneal injection is attributed to a pharmacokinetic difference from propofol rather than to major pharmacodynamic differences.
Phosphorus losses in irrigation runoff from fertilized pasture Austin, N.R. (Tatura Horticulture and Resource Management Centre, Tatura, Vic., Australia.); Prendergast, J.B; Collins, M.D
Journal of environmental quality,
(Jan-Feb 1996), Volume:
25, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Runoff from flood-irrigated perennial pastures contains significant loads of P. Factors affecting the P load in runoff are unknown, and there are no guidelines currently available for management of ...phosphatic fertilizers to reduce runoff P loads. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between single superphosphate application rate and runoff P concentration. Four rates of single superphosphate (250, 500, 750, and 1000 kg/ha) were applied to 12 30 by 8-m flood irrigated bays in a randomized design, on a Lemnos loam (Natric Xeralf), in the Shepparton Irrigation Region, Victoria, Australia. In runoff, total P (TP), filtrable reactive P (FRP) concentrations and EC increased linearly with application rate, with initial concentrations (5 min) being significantly higher than those later in a runoff event (P 0.025). In the irrigation directly following fertilizer application the depth of irrigation water that infiltrated (calculated from volume balance) was in direct proportion to single superphosphate application rate (P
Integrated circuits (ICs) are the foundation of all computing systems. They comprise high-value hardware intellectual property (IP) that are at risk of piracy, reverse-engineering, and modifications ...while making their way through the geographically-distributed IC supply chain. On the frontier of hardware security are various design-for-trust techniques that claim to protect designs from untrusted entities across the design flow. Logic locking is one technique that promises protection from the gamut of threats in IC manufacturing. In this work, we perform a critical review of logic locking techniques in the literature, and expose several shortcomings. Taking inspiration from other cybersecurity competitions, we devise a community-led benchmarking exercise to address the evaluation deficiencies. In reflecting on this process, we shed new light on deficiencies in evaluation of logic locking and reveal important future directions. The lessons learned can guide future endeavors in other areas of hardware security.
